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Geosciences, Volume 8, Issue 3

March 2018 - 24 articles

Cover Story: The worlds’ best-known fossil forests contain wood that has been mineralized with silica. Less well-known are woods that have been fossilized with non-silica minerals. This report provides the first comprehensive overview of non-silicified fossil woods, providing a summary of past research and presenting data from new discoveries. Regardless of composition, the process of mineralization involves the same basic factors: availability of dissolved elements, pH, Eh, and burial temperature. When mineral precipitation occurs in several successive episodes, fossil wood may have a complex composition. View the paper
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Articles (24)

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,959 Views
26 Pages

Monitoring of potential gas seepage for CO2 sequestration and CO2-EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery) in geologic storage will involve geophysical and geochemical measurements of parameters at depth and at, or near the surface. The appropriate methods for MV...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
6,731 Views
16 Pages

A Basin Approach to a Hydrological Service Delivery System in the Amur River Basin

  • Sergei Borsch,
  • Andrei Khristoforov,
  • Vladimir Krovotyntsev,
  • Ekaterina Leontieva,
  • Yuri Simonov and
  • Victoria Zatyagalova

This paper presents the basin approach to the design, development, and operation of a hydrological forecasting and early warning system in a large transboundary river basin of high flood potential, where accurate, reliable, and timely available daily...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
5,311 Views
20 Pages

Squeezed Interstitial Water and Soil Properties in Pleistocene Blue Clays under Different Natural Environments

  • Maria Dolores Fidelibus,
  • Ilenia Argentiero,
  • Filomena Canora,
  • Roberta Pellicani,
  • Giuseppe Spilotro and
  • Gaetano Vacca

Studies dating almost a century relate clay properties with the structure of the diffuse double layer (DDL), where the charged surfaces of clay crystal behave like an electric capacitor, whose dielectric is the interstitial fluid. The intensity of th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
7,333 Views
21 Pages

Springtime Flood Risk Reduction in Rural Arctic: A Comparative Study of Interior Alaska, United States and Central Yakutia, Russia

  • Yekaterina Y. Kontar,
  • John C. Eichelberger,
  • Tuyara N. Gavrilyeva,
  • Viktoria V. Filippova,
  • Antonina N. Savvinova,
  • Nikita I. Tananaev and
  • Sarah F. Trainor

Every spring, riverine communities throughout the Arctic face flood risk. As the river ice begins to thaw and break up, ice jams—accumulation of chunks and sheets of ice in the river channel, force melt water and ice floes to back up for dozens of ki...

  • Article
  • Open Access
32 Citations
6,448 Views
27 Pages

Repetitive Rockfall Trajectory Testing

  • Axel Volkwein,
  • Lucas Brügger,
  • Fabio Gees,
  • Werner Gerber,
  • Barbara Krummenacher,
  • Peter Kummer,
  • Jessica Lardon and
  • Tobias Sutter

Numerical simulations of rockfall trajectories are a standard procedure for evaluating rockfall hazards. For these simulations, corresponding software codes must be calibrated and evaluated based on field data. This study addresses methods of repeata...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
5,836 Views
21 Pages

The safety of historic buildings heritage is an important task that becomes more substantial when the buildings are directed to educational purposes. The present study aims at evaluating the dynamic features of the Benedettini complex, an historic mo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
5,584 Views
15 Pages

Gully erosion is a global problem that degrades land and reduces its utility for agriculture, development, and water quality. Quantification of sediment yield and control of sediment sources is essential for environmental protection. Five methods to...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
6,409 Views
8 Pages

This study used stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes as natural tracers to investigate their isotopic composition in precipitation, and in shallow and deep groundwater in the Penghu Islands in the Taiwan Strait. We aimed to understand the differences...

  • Article
  • Open Access
154 Citations
11,441 Views
26 Pages

Comparison of the Performance of Six Drought Indices in Characterizing Historical Drought for the Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia

  • Yared Bayissa,
  • Shreedhar Maskey,
  • Tsegaye Tadesse,
  • Schalk Jan Van Andel,
  • Semu Moges,
  • Ann Van Griensven and
  • Dimitri Solomatine

The Upper Blue Nile (UBN) basin is less-explored in terms of drought studies as compared to other parts of Ethiopia and lacks a basin-specific drought monitoring system. This study compares six drought indices: Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI),...

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Geosciences - ISSN 2076-3263