Metals, Volume 15, Issue 9

The existing continuous caster layout curves cause plastic deformation of slabs during bending and straightening segments, while no effective deformation occurs in the basic arc segment, which tends to induce defects, such as cracks, and compromise s...

This paper presents three simple and efficient advanced optimization algorithms, namely the best–worst–random (BWR), best–mean–random (BMR), and best–mean–worst–random (BMWR) algorithms designed to address un...

This research proposes a non-penetration lap welding process for joining T2 copper power module terminals in high-frequency and high-power electronic applications, using a hybrid laser system combining a 445 nm blue diode laser and a 1080 nm fiber la...

Magnesium alloys have been recently recognized as promising materials for temporary orthopedic applications, thanks to their biocompatibility, nontoxicity and biodegradability, combined with bone-like mechanical properties; nevertheless, their clinic...

The influence of electrolytic temperature on the purity grade of electrolytic pure iron, variations in elemental content, macroscopic morphology, and microstructural characteristics was studied using electrodeposition experiments alongside glow disch...

This study was conducted to evaluate the high-temperature protection performance of new hard coating systems. Woka 7202 (Cr₃C₂-NiCr) and Diamalloy 2002 (WC-NiCrFeBSiC) powders were coated onto 316L stainless steel substrates using the atmospheric pla...

Decarbonizing the steel industry relies on a transition from carbon-intensive blast furnace technology to scrap-based secondary steelmaking using electric arc furnaces. This transition introduces tramp elements and leads to their gradual accumulation...

Ensuring the long-term integrity of structural materials in extreme environments is a critical challenge in the design of equipment for nuclear fuel cycle operations. In particular, the durability of materials exposed to high temperatures and chemica...

Tungsten is a critical raw material with increasingly important industrial applications. It is primarily found in minerals such as scheelite and wolframite (0.5% W), which are extracted and processed at the mine site to produce a high-grade scheelite...

In this study, various characterization techniques were utilized to investigate the effects of heat treatments on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-48Al-3Nb-1.5Ta (at. %) alloy prepared by the supreme-speed plasma rotating electrode...

The application of lightweight materials in the automotive industry can effectively achieve further weight reduction while maintaining overall structural strength, thereby reducing energy consumption. Currently, friction stir spot welding (FSSW) is t...

Accumulative Roll Bonding (ARB) is a severe plastic deformation process typically used to produce ultra-fine-grained structures. This study investigates the feasibility of using the ARB process to recycle aluminum chips from an Al-Mg-Si alloy (AA6063...

The oxygen blast furnace (OBF) is a promising technology for ironmaking, and its burden distribution pattern plays a key role in optimizing performance. This study investigates the impact of the peripheral opening extent (POE), which reflects the cok...

The hot stamping process of aluminum alloys involves multiple parameters, including blank holder force, stamping speed, die temperature, and friction coefficient. Traditional methods often fail to capture the nonlinear interactions among these parame...

In this paper, an optimization strategy for the hydroforming process of bellows is proposed, based on finite element analysis, design of experiments, response surface methodology, and genetic algorithms. A numerical model of the bellows hydroforming...

This study comprehensively evaluates the latent heat of hypoeutectic AlSi5Cu alloys with 1, 2, and 4% of Cu by mass, investigating their solidification behavior under controlled cooling conditions. Latent heat, a critical thermophysical property, sig...

The current study explores the applicability of a single constitutive equation, based on the Arrhenius hyperbolic sine model, to a wide range of chemical compositions and test conditions by using a unique approximation. To address this challenge, a m...

The optimization of submerged entry nozzle (SEN) designs plays a pivotal role in achieving stable flow conditions and high-quality steel production during continuous casting. This study presents a comparative analysis of two SEN geometries under iden...

Marine applications often involve metallic materials, including steel, that must endure harsh conditions such as cavitation erosion (CE). This study investigates the CE behavior of 42CrMo4 steel, both in its original state and after pre-corrosion in...

Selecting appropriate materials is crucial for mitigating the severe economic and safety challenges posed by microbiologically induced corrosion (MIC) in marine and industrial settings. This study focuses on the MIC behavior of 316L austenitic stainl...

This study examined the leaching behavior of copper and iron from a sphalerite concentrate in sulfuric acid utilizing an ensemble MnO₂–KI oxidizing system. The temperature was shown to significantly influence the leaching kinetics, with the eff...

Precious metals play an important role in various fields, from industry to jewelry and finance. In the industrial field, it is often necessary to know their mechanical properties. Micro-hardness measurement is a suitable test. In this type of test, t...

Novel structural materials, high-entropy alloys (HEAs), have attracted considerable interest owing to their tunable microstructural designs and adjustable mechanical properties. In the present work, the microstructural evolution and tensile deformati...

For the flexible multi-point stretch-bending forming process, which involves complex forming procedures, finite element (FE) modeling can significantly reduce trial-and-error costs and provide a convenient means for determining process parameters in...

Precipitation hardening is the primary mechanism for strengthening 6xxx series aluminium alloys. The characteristics of the precipitates play a crucial role in determining the mechanical properties. In particular, predicting yield strength (YS) based...

The direct reduction of iron ore by hydrogen is a serious candidate for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the iron and steelmaking industry by replacing traditional blast furnace technology. The reduction kinetics are key to this process. The pres...

In this study, the newly developed Ti35421 (Ti3Al5Mo4Cr2Zr1Fe wt.%) alloy was prepared by laser directed energy deposition (L-DED) because it contains several major elements that can refine grains, which is expected to enable the transformation from...

Traditional natural gas transportation pipeline steels, such as API 5L X42 grade and the higher grades, are currently receiving a lot of attention in terms of their potential implementation in hydrogen transmission infrastructure. However, the micros...

In the original publication [...]

We present a systematic study on the fabrication of gold nanoislands by microwave-assisted annealing, a rapid and energy-efficient alternative to conventional thermal treatments. Gold thin films with nominal thicknesses of 4, 5, 6, 8, and 10 nm are d...

The keyhole defect located at the termination of the friction stir welding (FSW) seam of 6082 aluminum alloys was repaired utilizing the refilling friction stir spot technique. This study examined the impact of the plunge depths on the microstructure...

The growth behavior of austenite grains in ADB790E hydropower steel under the synergistic effects of heating temperature and holding time was studied using in situ quenching and an in situ high-temperature confocal laser scanning microscope (HT-CLSM)...

A new approach to the multi-criteria optimization of L-PBF process parameters in the face of high variability is proposed, based on the application of the reward function (RF), which is essentially the inverse of the Taguchi quality loss function (QL...

Metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) have emerged as leading candidates in biomedical applications owing to their unique physicochemical properties and dual functionality, combining potent bactericidal and osteoinductive effects. These bioactivities are int...

The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of Mo on the microstructure and mechanical properties of railway frog steel. To address the challenges of a coarse microstructure and alloy element segregation caused by the current casting method...

To optimize the quality of picosecond laser drilling in stainless steel, this study systematically investigates the key influencing factors and optimization strategies of the laser-drilling process through experimental methods. In the experimental se...

In this study, the properties of Cu(Co) alloy films were investigated to assess their utility as an alternative material for interconnections in hybrid bonding applications. Thin films of Cu(Co) were deposited using electrochemical deposition in a st...

Two ways of anodizing 3D-printed AlSi10Mg alloy were characterized, and then their fatigue properties were evaluated. Test specimens were fabricated via a laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process followed by machining. Normal and hard anodizing were b...

The growing demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has led to an urgent need for sustainable recycling strategies for spent cathode materials. In this study, a mechanochemical approach was developed for the recovery of lithium and cobalt from end-of...

This study evaluates the corrosion behavior of Fe-22Mn-0.6C TWIP steels containing 0%, 5%, and 10% chromium after 28 days of exposure to a neutral sulfate solution. By combining electrochemical testing with a surface and spectroscopic analysis, we ex...

Ti80 alloy is one of the most commonly used marine titanium alloys but faces cold cracking risks in thick plate welding. Understanding the relationship between restraint intensity and welding residual stress is critical for industrial applications. T...

Deoxidation of liquid steel is a key link that affects the quality of environmentally friendly free-cutting steel. The selection and addition sequence of deoxidizer affects the composition, size, distribution, and morphology of non-metallic inclusion...

Ultrasonic-assisted friction stir lap welding (FSLW) was employed to join dissimilar aluminum alloys, namely Al-7075 and Al-5052. The effect of ultrasonic power on the weld performance was systematically investigated. Increasing the ultrasonic power...

In the alkaline process for sodium stannate preparation, the oxidative dissolution of tin in the NaOH-H₂O₂ system originates from a spontaneous electrochemical reaction. This study elucidates the mechanism of ultrasound-enhanced tin dissolution in Na...

In the field of energy production, creep–fatigue interaction is a typical failure mode that might compromise the structural integrity of both rotating equipment and pressure vessels. Common design practices approach the problem in a conservativ...

The hot deformation discipline of typical 45CrNi steel under a strain rate ranging from 0.01 s⁻¹ to 1 s⁻¹ and deformation temperature between 850 °C and 1200 °C was investigated through isothermal hot compression tests. The activa...

The types of carbides and their effects on the fatigue failure mechanism in carburized CSS-42L steel were systematically studied in the present investigation. The results indicate that the main carbides in carburized CSS-42L steel are Cr-rich M₂₃C₆ c...

High-entropy alloys have demonstrated significant application potential in many industrial fields due to their outstanding comprehensive properties. However, the complex multi-component compositions pose challenges for traditional design approaches....

Cold gas dynamic spraying (CGDS) enables the production of protective coatings without melting or oxidation. In this study, Al–Zn–TiO₂ composite powders were prepared by wet agglomeration with binders and by dry mechanical mixing, and dep...

Residual stress remains a significant challenge in the widespread adoption of the Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) process, due to its detrimental impact on dimensional accuracy and post-processing requirements and hinders further processing with metho...