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Machines, Volume 7, Issue 4 (December 2019) – 16 articles

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18 pages, 2812 KiB  
Article
Stating Diagnosis of Current State of Electric Furnace Transformer on the Basis of Analysis of Partial Discharges
by Olga I. Karandaeva, Ivan A. Yakimov, Alexandra A. Filimonova, Ekaterina A. Gartlib and Igor M. Yachikov
Machines 2019, 7(4), 77; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines7040077 - 13 Dec 2019
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3517
Abstract
The article is dedicated to research of the technical state of a furnace transformer. The study was conducted on the basis of statistical processing of continuously measured parameters of partial discharges (PD). The authors characterize the causes of PD occurrence and their impact [...] Read more.
The article is dedicated to research of the technical state of a furnace transformer. The study was conducted on the basis of statistical processing of continuously measured parameters of partial discharges (PD). The authors characterize the causes of PD occurrence and their impact on the insulation condition. The article provides information on the on-line monitoring system applied at high-voltage transformers of superpowered arc steel-melting furnaces and ladle furnaces at metallurgical plants. The system implements (among other methods) the method of diagnosing the insulation state by means of mathematical processing of PD parameters. Continuously measured values are apparent charge and the parameter called partial discharge intensity (PDI) characterizing the power and intensity of PD. The authors studied the parameter trends and conducted the statistical processing of the measurements results. In addition, the authors give the rationale for the application of the parameter “reciprocal stochastic connection force” between the PD amplitude and PDI as a generalized criterion of the insulation state and failure localization. The article compares trends of power and PD amplitude at various transformer technical states (before and after unscheduled repair). The authors confirm the possibility to diagnose emerging defects by comparing the correlation factors of these dependences. An example of defect occurrence and its location is provided. As a result, the authors manage to prove the efficiency of the proposed method of analysis of the high-voltage transformer state. This research has produced an integrated approach that enables on-the-go technical diagnosis, fault localization, and accident prevention. The key product of this research is a transformer diagnosis method based on processing the data of online PD monitoring. To that end, the proposed method uses statistical toolkits available for a PC. The areas for further prospective research are outlined. The authors also give recommendations on a more extensive application of the developed method. Full article
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12 pages, 4006 KiB  
Article
Dynamic Torque Limitation Principle in the Main Line of a Mill Stand: Explanation and Rationale for Use
by V.R. Gasiyarov, V.R. Khramshin, S.S. Voronin, T.A. Lisovskaya and O.A. Gasiyarova
Machines 2019, 7(4), 76; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines7040076 - 6 Dec 2019
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4829
Abstract
This paper substantiates why it is necessary to limit the dynamic loads in stand shafts when closing angular gaps. The paper is a feasibility study of a concept developed specifically to limit each of the factors that affect amplitude of the dynamic torque; [...] Read more.
This paper substantiates why it is necessary to limit the dynamic loads in stand shafts when closing angular gaps. The paper is a feasibility study of a concept developed specifically to limit each of the factors that affect amplitude of the dynamic torque; limitations applied are determined on a case-by-case basis. The research team studied the components of elastic torque in a dual-mass electromechanical system of Mill 5000 caused by vibrations arising from the elasticity of transmission as well as from the vibrations caused by elastic collision itself. It is shown that the lowest possible pre-acceleration is necessary for decreasing the dynamic coefficient at a near-nominal load torque. A principle of limiting dynamic loads when closing an angular gap is proposed, which implies collecting tachograms of an electric drive subjected to positive or negative acceleration before and after the fed metal is captured. The research team has developed drive control principles to implement this approach. The recommendation is to upgrade the electric drives of the reversing stand in Mill 5000. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the ICIEAM 2019 Conference)
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18 pages, 5063 KiB  
Article
Electromagnetic Analysis and Design Methodology for Permanent Magnet Motors Using MotorAnalysis-PM Software
by Vladimir Kuptsov, Poria Fajri, Andrzej Trzynadlowski, Guoliang Zhang and Salvador Magdaleno-Adame
Machines 2019, 7(4), 75; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines7040075 - 6 Dec 2019
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 11476
Abstract
This article presents a new and powerful freeware software called MotorAnalysis-PM and discusses its application in electromagnetic design and analysis of permanent magnet (PM) motors for the electric vehicle (EV) industry. This new PM motor software utilizes both finite element (FE) and analytical [...] Read more.
This article presents a new and powerful freeware software called MotorAnalysis-PM and discusses its application in electromagnetic design and analysis of permanent magnet (PM) motors for the electric vehicle (EV) industry. This new PM motor software utilizes both finite element (FE) and analytical methods to speed up the analysis and design process of PM motors significantly. The analysis and design methodology using MotorAnalysis-PM is presented and discussed for a 50 kW PM motor utilized in a commercial EV. To validate the accuracy of the software, the numerical results obtained from the PM motor design and analysis tool are compared with experimental results. The numerical and experimental results validate the flexibility of this software in achieving accurate motor design with short design times which is of great interest to EV and PM motor manufacturers. Full article
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11 pages, 1694 KiB  
Article
Comparative Machine-Learning Approach: A Follow-Up Study on Type 2 Diabetes Predictions by Cross-Validation Methods
by Gopi Battineni, Getu Gamo Sagaro, Chintalapudi Nalini, Francesco Amenta and Seyed Khosrow Tayebati
Machines 2019, 7(4), 74; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines7040074 - 5 Dec 2019
Cited by 60 | Viewed by 6155
Abstract
(1) Background: Diabetes is a common chronic disease and a leading cause of death. Early diagnosis gives patients with diabetes the opportunity to improve their dietary habits and lifestyle and manage the disease successfully. Several studies have explored the use of machine learning [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Diabetes is a common chronic disease and a leading cause of death. Early diagnosis gives patients with diabetes the opportunity to improve their dietary habits and lifestyle and manage the disease successfully. Several studies have explored the use of machine learning (ML) techniques to predict and diagnose this disease. In this study, we conducted experiments to predict diabetes in Pima Indian females with particular ML classifiers. (2) Method: A Pima Indian diabetes dataset (PIDD) with 768 female patients was considered for this study. Different data mining operations were performed to a conduct comparative analysis of four different ML classifiers: Naïve Bayes (NB), J48, Logistic Regression (LR), and Random Forest (RF). These models were analyzed by different cross-validation (K = 5, 10, 15, and 20) values, and the performance measurements of accuracy, precision, F-score, recall, and AUC were calculated for each model. (3) Results: LR was found to have the highest accuracy (0.77) for all ‘k’ values. When k = 5, the accuracy of J48, NB, and RF was found to be 0.71, 0.76, and 0.75. For k = 10, the accuracy of J48, NB, and RF was found to be 0.73, 0.76, 0.74, while for k = 15, 20, the accuracy of NB was found to be 0.76. The accuracy of J48 and RF was found to be 0.76 when k = 15, and 0.75 when k = 20. Other parameters, such as precision, f-score, recall, and AUC, were also considered in evaluations to rank the algorithms. (4) Conclusion: The present study on PIDD sought to identify an optimized ML model, using with cross-validation methods. The AUC of LR was 0.83, RF 0.82, and NB 0.81). These three were ranked as the best models for predicting whether a patient is diabetic or not. Full article
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16 pages, 6110 KiB  
Article
Vibration Reduction of an Overhung Rotor Supported by an Active Magnetic Bearing Using a Decoupling Control System
by Nitisak Numanoy and Jiraphon Srisertpol
Machines 2019, 7(4), 73; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines7040073 - 3 Dec 2019
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4714
Abstract
Overhung rotors are important for use in industrial turbo-machines. The effects of a lateral force can increase as a result of the rotor weight, misalignment, or the operating speed of the suspension system for which the rotor is carrying a transmission connection. In [...] Read more.
Overhung rotors are important for use in industrial turbo-machines. The effects of a lateral force can increase as a result of the rotor weight, misalignment, or the operating speed of the suspension system for which the rotor is carrying a transmission connection. In this paper, the reduction of vibration in supported lateral directions by varying control is discussed in a radial active magnetic bearing system (AMBS). An experimental test was conducted on the orbital response of an overhung rotor supported by an AMBS, to provide an alternative for improving precision. To simplify the system design, decoupling was achieved using a PID controller and harmonic disturbance compensator (HDC), which improved the rotating performance of an overhung active magnetic bearing (AMB) rotor system, using a frequency response function (FRF) approach and a description of the overhung rotor during normal operational conditions at unique frequencies. The experimental results show that the precision rotation, due to harmonic excitation of the shaft orbit, can be removed in real time using compensation signals using trigonometry. The compensation criteria for the changed run-up and coast-down consistently helped to maintain the rotational center in a central position. A reduction of up to 55% in vibration amplitude on average was achieved under appropriate conditions, and the significance of the overhung rotor symptoms faults were investigated. Full article
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21 pages, 2077 KiB  
Article
A Metal Powder Bed Fusion Process in Industry: Qualification Considerations
by Flaviana Calignano, Manuela Galati and Luca Iuliano
Machines 2019, 7(4), 72; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines7040072 - 13 Nov 2019
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 7262
Abstract
An additive manufacturing process should produce repeatable results as far as the properties of the material and the geometric dimensions that have to be adopted by a company as a production method are concerned. This represents a challenge for such high-volume sectors as [...] Read more.
An additive manufacturing process should produce repeatable results as far as the properties of the material and the geometric dimensions that have to be adopted by a company as a production method are concerned. This represents a challenge for such high-volume sectors as the automotive industry, where quality and reliability are extremely important. One way of addressing this challenge is to qualify the process. A common framework has here been identified starting from the analysis of the factors that influence the stability of the result in the main phases of metal powder bed fusion (PBF) processes. A qualification procedure (QP), which offers possible solutions to help reduce risk factors, has been proposed. This procedure is independent of the industrial sectors, of which type of materials and metal PBF processes, and of the manufacturer of the used PBF system. Full article
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19 pages, 1808 KiB  
Article
Influence of Geometric Dimensions on the Performance of Switched Reluctance Machine
by Ana Camila F. Mamede, José Roberto Camacho and Rui Esteves Araújo
Machines 2019, 7(4), 71; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines7040071 - 13 Nov 2019
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4309
Abstract
In a design of a switched reluctance machine, there are a number of parameters that are chosen empirically inside a certain interval, therefore to find an optimum geometry it is necessary to determine how each parameter acts on the performance of the machine. [...] Read more.
In a design of a switched reluctance machine, there are a number of parameters that are chosen empirically inside a certain interval, therefore to find an optimum geometry it is necessary to determine how each parameter acts on the performance of the machine. This work presents a study on the influence of geometric dimensions on the performance of the switched reluctance machine. The analysis is done through finite element simulations based on the variation of one parameter while the others are fixed. Graphical and numerical results of torque and magnetic flux are presented for a 6/4 three-phase machine and an 8/6 four-phase machine. The study presented aims to provide consistent data on which dimensions should be modified for specific applications, and thus to base choices made in the design and optimization stage. Full article
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15 pages, 3178 KiB  
Article
A Methodology for Product Development in Mobile Machinery: Case Example of an Excavator
by Nima Alaei, Emil Kurvinen and Aki Mikkola
Machines 2019, 7(4), 70; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines7040070 - 7 Nov 2019
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4155
Abstract
Digital tools have become indispensable for the testing and modification of prototypes in mobile and industrial machine manufacturing. Data that are extracted from virtual experimentation and analysis are both affordable and valuable, due to their repeatability and because they are close to real-world [...] Read more.
Digital tools have become indispensable for the testing and modification of prototypes in mobile and industrial machine manufacturing. Data that are extracted from virtual experimentation and analysis are both affordable and valuable, due to their repeatability and because they are close to real-world observations. Expert knowledge is a prerequisite for full deployment of computer aided engineering tools in the design phase and concomitant stages of product development. Currently, such knowledge, for the most part, is provided by the product development team and the manufacturer. Yet, it is important that manufacturers and designers receive end-user feedback throughout the product development process. However, end-users often lack sufficient know-how about the technical and engineering background of the product development, and this lack of understanding can become a barrier to user-designer communication. The aim of this article is to present an alternative to traditional design approaches that is based on customized real-time multibody simulation. This simulation-based approach can be seen as a platform that has the potential to improve knowledge management systems for product development. End-user feedback to the designer is given in a systematic manner throughout the design process using a multipurpose XML-based multibody environment. Full article
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18 pages, 1676 KiB  
Article
Wind Turbine Noise Prediction Using Random Forest Regression
by Gino Iannace, Giuseppe Ciaburro and Amelia Trematerra
Machines 2019, 7(4), 69; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines7040069 - 6 Nov 2019
Cited by 46 | Viewed by 6180
Abstract
Wind energy is one of the most widely used renewable energy sources in the world and has grown rapidly in recent years. However, the wind towers generate a noise that is perceived as an annoyance by the population living near the wind farms. [...] Read more.
Wind energy is one of the most widely used renewable energy sources in the world and has grown rapidly in recent years. However, the wind towers generate a noise that is perceived as an annoyance by the population living near the wind farms. It is therefore important to new tools that can help wind farm builders and the administrations. In this study, the measurements of the noise emitted by a wind farm and the data recorded by the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system were used to construct a prediction model. First, acoustic measurements and control system data have been analyzed to characterize the phenomenon. An appropriate number of observations were then extracted, and these data were pre-processed. Subsequently two models of prediction of sound pressure levels were built at the receiver: a model based on multiple linear regression, and a model based on Random Forest algorithm. As predictors wind speeds measured near the wind turbines and the active power of the turbines were selected. Both data were measured by the SCADA system of wind turbines. The model based on the Random Forest algorithm showed high values of the Pearson correlation coefficient (0.981), indicating a high number of correct predictions. This model can be extremely useful, both for the receiver and for the wind farm manager. Through the results of the model it will be possible to establish for which wind speed values the noise produced by wind turbines become dominant. Furthermore, the predictive model can give an overview of the noise produced by the receiver from the system in different operating conditions. Finally, the prediction model does not require the shutdown of the plant, a very expensive procedure due to the consequent loss of production. Full article
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7 pages, 2600 KiB  
Article
Fixture Optimization in Turning Thin-Wall Components
by Lisa Croppi, Niccolò Grossi, Antonio Scippa and Gianni Campatelli
Machines 2019, 7(4), 68; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines7040068 - 31 Oct 2019
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3416
Abstract
The turning of thin-walled components is a challenging process due to the flexibility of the parts. On one hand, static deflection due to the cutting forces causes geometrical and dimensional errors, while unstable vibration (i.e., chatter) could compromise surface quality. In this work, [...] Read more.
The turning of thin-walled components is a challenging process due to the flexibility of the parts. On one hand, static deflection due to the cutting forces causes geometrical and dimensional errors, while unstable vibration (i.e., chatter) could compromise surface quality. In this work, a method for fixturing optimization for thin-walled components in turning is proposed. Starting from workpiece geometry and toolpath, workpiece deflections and system dynamics are predicted by means of an efficient finite element modeling approach. By analyzing the different clamping configurations, a method to find the most effective solution to guarantee the required tolerances and stable cutting conditions is developed. The proposed method was tested as a case study, showing its application and achievable results. Full article
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17 pages, 2042 KiB  
Article
Design and Testing of a 3-DOF Robot for Studying the Human Response to Vibration
by Pietro Marzaroli, Alessandro Albanetti, Edoardo Negri, Hermes Giberti and Marco Tarabini
Machines 2019, 7(4), 67; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines7040067 - 30 Oct 2019
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3371
Abstract
This work describes the design and validation of an electro-mechanical excitation system for characterization of the response of the human body to multiaxial vibrations. The presented system is based on the linear delta configuration and is designed to expose standing subjects to vibration [...] Read more.
This work describes the design and validation of an electro-mechanical excitation system for characterization of the response of the human body to multiaxial vibrations. The presented system is based on the linear delta configuration and is designed to expose standing subjects to vibration along three perpendicular axes, with an excitation bandwidth of at least 30 Hz and a maximum vibration amplitude of ±30 mm along the vertical direction and ±20 mm along the horizontal directions. The shaker characteristic dimensions are the result of numerical optimization of the inverse manipulability index; the motors and transmissions have been selected using a multibody dynamic simulation. Finite element simulations were performed to ensure that the structural resonances were outside the excitation bandwidth. Once the shaker had been manufactured, experiments were performed to verify the capability of the system in real testing conditions. The mean quadratic error between the modulus of the imposed acceleration and the measured one is between 5.7 × 10−3 and 1.4 × 10−2 m/s2 in the frequency range between 1 and 50 Hz, proving the good outcome of the design process. Full article
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20 pages, 5802 KiB  
Article
Overcoming the Challenges for a Mass Manufacturing Machine for the Assembly of PEMFC Stacks
by Sebastian Porstmann, Thomas Wannemacher and Thilo Richter
Machines 2019, 7(4), 66; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines7040066 - 18 Oct 2019
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 10642
Abstract
One of the major obstacles standing in the way of a break-through in fuel cell technology is its relatively high costs compared to well established fossil-based technologies. The reasons for these high costs predominantly lie in the use of non-standardized components, complex system [...] Read more.
One of the major obstacles standing in the way of a break-through in fuel cell technology is its relatively high costs compared to well established fossil-based technologies. The reasons for these high costs predominantly lie in the use of non-standardized components, complex system components, and non-automated production of fuel cells. This problem can be identified at multiple levels, for example, the electrochemically active components of the fuel cell stack, peripheral components of the fuel cell system, and eventually on the level of stack and system assembly. This article focused on the industrialization of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack components and assembly. To achieve this, the first step is the formulation of the requirement specifications for the automated PEMFC stack production. The developed mass manufacturing machine (MMM) enables a reduction of the assembly time of a cell fuel cell stack to 15 minutes. Furthermore the targeted automation level is theoretically capable of producing up to 10,000 fuel cell stacks per year. This will result in a ~50% stack cost reduction through economies of scale and increased automation. The modular concept is scalable to meet increasing future demand which is essential for the market ramp-up and success of this technology. Full article
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11 pages, 2821 KiB  
Article
Application of the Ansys Electronics Desktop Software Package for Analysis of Claw-Pole Synchronous Motor
by Sergey Gandzha, Bakhtiyor Kosimov and Dilshod Aminov
Machines 2019, 7(4), 65; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines7040065 - 14 Oct 2019
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4519
Abstract
The article presents the method of synthesis and analysis of the brushless motor with claw-poles. The motor is designed for the pilger mill drive for manufacturing seamless tubes. The peculiarity of the drive is that electric machines of this class for high power [...] Read more.
The article presents the method of synthesis and analysis of the brushless motor with claw-poles. The motor is designed for the pilger mill drive for manufacturing seamless tubes. The peculiarity of the drive is that electric machines of this class for high power have not yet been used in world practice. In this regard, a very thorough analysis of the designed motor is required to remove technical risks in the manufacture of prototypes. For design of this motor the synthesis system and the analysis system were developed. The synthesis system is developed on the basis of nonlinear programming methods. For the analysis, it is proposed to use the program Ansys Electronics Desktop, which implements the finite element method. The peculiarity of using this program is the need to use large computer resources. Herewith, the calculation time of the main characteristics is often not acceptable for practical calculations and takes several hours. The authors propose a simplification of the computational model without significantly reducing the accuracy of the calculation. The brushless motor with claw-poles is replaced by a brushless motor with tangential magnets. The stator designs and the magnetic fluxes of the motors are the same. The effectiveness of such a replacement is shown in the real project. Calculation time with acceptable quality is reduced to a few minutes. This approach is recommended for the creation of design systems of other types of brushless machines. This scientific research was carried out for a real customer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the ICIEAM 2019 Conference)
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32 pages, 23482 KiB  
Article
Multivariable Control of Solar Battery Power by Extremum Seeking: Starting from Linear Analysis
by I. M. Kirpichnikova and A. Yu. Sologubov
Machines 2019, 7(4), 64; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines7040064 - 4 Oct 2019
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4348
Abstract
In this study, we tried to combine maximum power point trackers (MPPT) and «Extremum Seeking» in a single multi-parameter extremum seekeng system for orienting solar panels and draw attention to the problem of a deeper study of nonlinear adaptive control using appropriate methods [...] Read more.
In this study, we tried to combine maximum power point trackers (MPPT) and «Extremum Seeking» in a single multi-parameter extremum seekeng system for orienting solar panels and draw attention to the problem of a deeper study of nonlinear adaptive control using appropriate methods for their analysis. MPPT controller becomes one of the extremum seeking loops, and as a result, the maximum power is achieved not only by searching for the optimal voltage value, but also due to the optimal angular position of the solar panel in Euclidean space, because the photocurrent depends on the angle of inclination of the Sun’s rays to the surface. The task of tuning extremum seeking loops becomes more analytically difficult, which is associated with nonlinear and multiply connected properties. This requires starting the solution from a simpler “linear” level. We applied the approach associated with the passage of modulating oscillations with a given frequency and amplitude through an open-loop system. This approach, which is generalized in this work at least for extremum seeking of the solar panels power, should be used for approximate calculations if there are no strict requirements for convergence and energy loss for the search. Research design is as follows: parametric identification of the current-voltage and volt-watt curves; obtaining the transfer function by the semi-automated sparse matrix method; reducing the order of the transfer function of coordinate electric drives by introducing a scaling factor. To the most important theoretical result, we attribute the property of the generalized amplitude of the solar panel power oscillations with multi-parameter control to be a combination of input modulating oscillations superimposed on the signals of the control integrators. Having revealed the relationship of their properties, it becomes possible to eliminate non-linearity from the system and operate only with the analytical relationship of the input modulating oscillations and the generalized oscillation of the controlled parameter. We attribute the prediction of the effect to one of the most interesting physical results, in which, for the same amplitude of modulating oscillations, the amplitudes of the photocurrent oscillations and the power of the solar panel at different angular positions will be generally different. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the ICIEAM 2019 Conference)
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16 pages, 5022 KiB  
Article
A Soft Sensor for Estimation of In-Flow Rate in a Flow Process Using Pole Placement and Kalman Filter Methods
by Bhagya R. Navada, Santhosh K. Venkata and Swetha Rao
Machines 2019, 7(4), 63; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines7040063 - 2 Oct 2019
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4538
Abstract
This article reports the design of a soft sensor for estimation of in-flow to the control valve in a flow process. The objective of the proposed work is to design and compare the performance of pole placement and Kalman filter-based observers. The observer [...] Read more.
This article reports the design of a soft sensor for estimation of in-flow to the control valve in a flow process. The objective of the proposed work is to design and compare the performance of pole placement and Kalman filter-based observers. The observer is designed to estimate the in-flow from the measured out-flow. A mathematical model is derived for the considered physical plant using the system identification technique. An observer is designed using Pole Placement and Kalman Filter methods from the derived plant model. The obtained observer is implemented on a real-life setup for estimation of the in-flow rate. Results obtained from the designed observers are then analyzed to select the better observer. Comparison of performance based on results from Kalman Filter and Pole Placement method of observers shows that the former is more accurate, whereas the computation time is smaller in the latter. Results achieved from the designed soft sensor are verified using an electromagnetic flowmeter, and the results have a root-mean-square percentage error of 0.79%. Full article
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23 pages, 9554 KiB  
Article
The Quality Control of the Automatic Manipulating Process of a Flexible Container When Bulk Materials are Packaged
by Aleksey M. Makarov, Oleg V. Mushkin, Maksim A. Lapikov, Mikhail P. Kukhtik and Yuriy P. Serdobintsev
Machines 2019, 7(4), 62; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines7040062 - 23 Sep 2019
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4202
Abstract
The quality control of a flexible container (FC) gripped and held by a gripping device during the entire cycle of packaging is an important task in the packaging process of bulk materials in a soft package. Noncontact optical methods of control have been [...] Read more.
The quality control of a flexible container (FC) gripped and held by a gripping device during the entire cycle of packaging is an important task in the packaging process of bulk materials in a soft package. Noncontact optical methods of control have been developed and researched for the diagnostics of the automatic manipulating process of a flexible container when bulk materials are packaged in a soft package. Diagnostics of the FC gripping and opening accuracy was carried out herein with the help of machine vision. Processing of the image obtained when the neck of the FC was photographed was carried out by a neural network algorithm, which was made according to a scheme of a perceptron. An automated diagnostics system of the FC gripping and opening accuracy was developed in terms of the obtained algorithm. A control technique based on the algorithm of comparison with a reference was used to reveal the FC gripping and opening defects. This technique consists of preliminary processing of the image obtained from the camera and automatic search for deviations in FC gripping and opening. As a result, a report of defects in the process of FC gripping and opening was obtained. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the ICIEAM 2019 Conference)
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