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Cells
Volume 14
Issue 9
10.3390/cells14090654
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Gene Expression of Extracellular Matrix Proteins, MMPs, and TIMPs in Post-Operative Tissues of Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients

by
Zygimantas Vaitkus
1,
Astra Vitkauskiene
2,
Liutauras Labanauskas
3,
Justinas Vaitkus
1,
Povilas Lozovskis
2,
Saulius Vaitkus
1 and
Ieva Janulaityte
2,*
1
Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Faculty of Medicine, Academy of Medicine at Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
2
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Academy of Medicine at Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
3
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Academy of Medicine at Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cells 2025, 14(9), 654; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14090654 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 27 February 2025 / Revised: 8 April 2025 / Accepted: 24 April 2025 / Published: 29 April 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Treating Fibrosis)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a persistent inflammatory condition of the sinus mucosa characterized by significant tissue remodeling. This study aimed to evaluate the gene expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in post-operative tissues of CRS patients. A total of 30 patients diagnosed with CRS, divided into CRSwNP (with nasal polyps) and CRSsNP (without nasal polyps) groups, were compared with a control group of 10 individuals undergoing nasal surgeries for non-CRS conditions. Gene expression analysis was conducted using quantitative real-time PCR, and plasma cytokine levels were measured via ELISA. Results indicated significantly higher expression of collagen I, collagen III, fibronectin, vimentin, periostin, and tenascin C in CRS tissues, especially in CRSsNP patients. Conversely, elastin expression was markedly lower. MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 expression was significantly altered, with CRSsNP showing lower levels compared to CRSwNP and controls. TGF-β1 expression was elevated in both CRS groups, particularly in CRSsNP, highlighting its role in fibrosis and ECM remodeling. Additionally, increased plasma concentrations of TSLP and TGF-β1 suggest epithelial activation and immune dysregulation in CRS. These findings underscore distinct remodeling profiles in CRS endotypes, emphasizing the need for targeted therapeutic strategies based on molecular phenotyping. Understanding ECM dysregulation and inflammatory pathways in CRS may lead to improved, individualized treatment approaches.
Keywords: extracellular matrix; collagen; fibronectin; MMP; TIMP; chronic rhinosinusitis; nose polyposis; gene expression extracellular matrix; collagen; fibronectin; MMP; TIMP; chronic rhinosinusitis; nose polyposis; gene expression

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MDPI and ACS Style

Vaitkus, Z.; Vitkauskiene, A.; Labanauskas, L.; Vaitkus, J.; Lozovskis, P.; Vaitkus, S.; Janulaityte, I. Gene Expression of Extracellular Matrix Proteins, MMPs, and TIMPs in Post-Operative Tissues of Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients. Cells 2025, 14, 654. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14090654

AMA Style

Vaitkus Z, Vitkauskiene A, Labanauskas L, Vaitkus J, Lozovskis P, Vaitkus S, Janulaityte I. Gene Expression of Extracellular Matrix Proteins, MMPs, and TIMPs in Post-Operative Tissues of Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients. Cells. 2025; 14(9):654. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14090654

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vaitkus, Zygimantas, Astra Vitkauskiene, Liutauras Labanauskas, Justinas Vaitkus, Povilas Lozovskis, Saulius Vaitkus, and Ieva Janulaityte. 2025. "Gene Expression of Extracellular Matrix Proteins, MMPs, and TIMPs in Post-Operative Tissues of Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients" Cells 14, no. 9: 654. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14090654

APA Style

Vaitkus, Z., Vitkauskiene, A., Labanauskas, L., Vaitkus, J., Lozovskis, P., Vaitkus, S., & Janulaityte, I. (2025). Gene Expression of Extracellular Matrix Proteins, MMPs, and TIMPs in Post-Operative Tissues of Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients. Cells, 14(9), 654. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14090654

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