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Toxins, Volume 11, Issue 4

April 2019 - 55 articles

Cover Story: Following ingestion of Shiga toxin-producing bacteria, the organisms attach or invade the intestinal epithelium and secrete toxins. Shiga toxins are translocated across the intestinal mucosa and enter the bloodstream. Immune cells, including neutrophils and monocytes, may act as toxin “carrier cells”. In target organs such as the kidneys and brain, the toxins are transferred to endothelial cells, expressing high affinity glycolipid toxin receptors, resulting in systemic disease, such as diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome and CNS abnormalities. The innate immune response may be activated in each step of toxin transport to contribute to pathology. View this paper.
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Articles (55)

  • Article
  • Open Access
49 Citations
5,343 Views
12 Pages

16 April 2019

The toxicity and related mechanisms of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in the mouse kidney were studied, and the role of l-proline in alleviating kidney damage was investigated. In a 28-day toxicity mouse model, thirty mice were divided i...

  • Review
  • Open Access
56 Citations
9,484 Views
27 Pages

16 April 2019

Tortillas are a traditional staple food in Mesoamerican cuisine, which have also become popular on a global level, e.g., for wraps or as snacks (tortilla chips). Traditional tortilla production includes alkaline cooking (nixtamalization) of maize ker...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
4,969 Views
16 Pages

15 April 2019

Eutrophication of inland waters is expected to increase the frequency and severity of harmful algal blooms (HABs). Toxin-production associated with HABs has negative effects on human health and aquatic ecosystem functioning. Despite evidence that fla...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
5,320 Views
10 Pages

Occurrence of Mycotoxigenic Fusarium Species and Competitive Fungi on Preharvest Maize Ear Rot in Poland

  • Karolina Gromadzka,
  • Lidia Błaszczyk,
  • Jerzy Chełkowski and
  • Agnieszka Waśkiewicz

15 April 2019

Maize has become one of the most important crops for food and feed production—both as a silage and crop residue worldwide. The present study aimed to identify the co-occurrence of Fusarium subglutinans, Fusarium verticillioides, Trichoderma atr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
4,778 Views
15 Pages

Application of an Endothelial Cell Culture Assay for the Detection of Neutralizing Anti-Clostridium Perfringens Beta-Toxin Antibodies in a Porcine Vaccination Trial

  • Olivia K. Richard,
  • Sven Springer,
  • Jacqueline Finzel,
  • Tobias Theuß,
  • Marianne Wyder,
  • Beatriz Vidondo and
  • Horst Posthaus

15 April 2019

Background: Beta-toxin (CPB) is the major virulence factor of Clostridium perfringens type C, causing hemorrhagic enteritis in newborn pigs but also other animals and humans. Vaccines containing inactivated CPB are known to induce protective antibody...

  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
5,501 Views
18 Pages

Toxicity of Cyanopeptides from Two Microcystis Strains on Larval Development of Astyanax altiparanae

  • Kelly Fernandes,
  • Andreia Gomes,
  • Leonardo Calado,
  • George Yasui,
  • Diego Assis,
  • Theodore Henry,
  • Ana Fonseca and
  • Ernani Pinto

13 April 2019

Absorption and accumulation of bioavailable cyanobacterial metabolites (including cyanotoxins) are likely in fish after senescence and the rupturing of cells during bloom episodes. We determined the toxicity of cyanopeptides identified from two strai...

  • Article
  • Open Access
39 Citations
5,156 Views
13 Pages

An Attempt to Characterize the Ciguatoxin Profile in Seriola fasciata Causing Ciguatera Fish Poisoning in Macaronesia

  • Pablo Estevez,
  • David Castro,
  • Ana Pequeño-Valtierra,
  • José M. Leao,
  • Oscar Vilariño,
  • Jorge Diogène and
  • Ana Gago-Martínez

13 April 2019

Ciguatera Fish Poisoning is a worldwide concern caused by the consumption of fish contaminated with ciguatoxins not only in endemic regions in the Pacific Ocean or the Caribbean Sea but also in emerging areas of Macaronesia on the eastern Atlantic. T...

  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
6,194 Views
21 Pages

13 April 2019

New protein sources in fish feed require the assessment of the carry-over potential of contaminants and anti-nutrients from feed ingredients into the fish, and the assessment of possible health risks for consumers. Presently, plant materials includin...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
60 Citations
6,962 Views
12 Pages

Mycotoxin Decontamination Efficacy of Atmospheric Pressure Air Plasma

  • Nataša Hojnik,
  • Martina Modic,
  • Gabrijela Tavčar-Kalcher,
  • Janja Babič,
  • James L. Walsh and
  • Uroš Cvelbar

12 April 2019

Mycotoxins, the toxic secondary metabolites of mould species, are a growing global concern, rendering almost 25% of all food produced unfit for human or animal consumption, thus placing immense pressure on the food supply chain. Cold Atmospheric pres...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
4,512 Views
16 Pages

Lipopolysaccharides from Microcystis Cyanobacteria-Dominated Water Bloom and from Laboratory Cultures Trigger Human Immune Innate Response

  • Zdena Moosová,
  • Lenka Šindlerová,
  • Barbora Ambrůzová,
  • Gabriela Ambrožová,
  • Ondřej Vašíček,
  • Mirna Velki,
  • Pavel Babica and
  • Lukáš Kubala

11 April 2019

Massive toxic blooms of cyanobacteria represent a major threat to water supplies worldwide. Here, the biological activities of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from Microcystis aeruginosa, the most prominent cyanobacteria in water bloom, were studie...

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Toxins - ISSN 2072-6651