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Nutrients
Volume 16
Issue 22
10.3390/nu16223945
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Article

Impact of Genetic Polymorphisms on Electrochemical Parameters and Acid-Base Disorders in Brazilian Runners During a 105-Kilometer Ultramarathon

by
Marcelo Romanovitch Ribas
1,
Fábio Kurt Schneider
1,
Danieli Isabel Romanovitch Ribas
2,
Georgian Badicu
3,*,
Ana Claudia Bonatto
4,
Luca Paolo Ardigò
5,*,† and
Júlio Cesar Bassan
4,†
1
Postgraduate Program in Electrical Engineering and Industrial Informatics, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 80230901, Brazil
2
Human Genetics Laboratory, Centro Universitário Autônomo do Brasil (UniBrasil), Curitiba 82821020, Brazil
3
Department of Physical Education and Special Motricity, Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University of Braşov, 500068 Braşov, Romania
4
Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81310900, Brazil
5
Department of Teacher Education, NLA University College, 0166 Oslo, Norway
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Nutrients 2024, 16(22), 3945; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16223945
Submission received: 5 October 2024 / Revised: 10 November 2024 / Accepted: 14 November 2024 / Published: 19 November 2024
(This article belongs to the Collection Diet and Multi-Omics)
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Abstract

Background/Objectives: This study focused on a group of 22 elite male mountain runners from Brazil (average age of 35.9 ± 6.5 years) with the objective of exploring the possible roles of the ACTN3 R577X, ACE I/D, and CK MM A/G NcoI genetic variants in shaping electrochemical profiles and maintaining acid-base homeostasis during a 105-km ultramarathon. Methods: Genotyping for each polymorphism (ACTN3: RR, RX, XX; ACE: DD, ID, II; CK MM: AA, AG, GG) was conducted using PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism), and saliva samples were used to obtain DNA. Analyses of electrochemical and acid-base disturbances were performed in real time. Results: It was observed that athletes who completed the race in less time had lower calcium concentrations (Rs = 0.35; p = 0.016). Pre-race, the RX genotype showed a 14.19% reduction in potassium levels compared to RR (p = 0.01). The GG genotype showed potassium levels 19.36% higher than AA (p = 0.01) and a 6.11% increase in hematocrit values compared to AA (p = 0.03). Additionally, the AG genotype exhibited hematocrit values 5.44% higher than AA (p = 0.03). Post-race, the XX genotype demonstrated higher hematocrit values compared to RX, with an increase of 8.92% (p = 0.03). The II genotype showed a 0.27% increase in pH compared to ID (p = 0.02) and a 20.42% reduction in carbon dioxide levels (p = 0.01). Conclusions: The findings emphasize the impact of the examined polymorphisms on the modulation of electrochemical factors and the maintenance of acid-base equilibrium in athletes during 105 km ultramarathons.
Keywords: polymorphism; genetic; athletic performance; marathon; running polymorphism; genetic; athletic performance; marathon; running

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ribas, M.R.; Schneider, F.K.; Ribas, D.I.R.; Badicu, G.; Bonatto, A.C.; Ardigò, L.P.; Bassan, J.C. Impact of Genetic Polymorphisms on Electrochemical Parameters and Acid-Base Disorders in Brazilian Runners During a 105-Kilometer Ultramarathon. Nutrients 2024, 16, 3945. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16223945

AMA Style

Ribas MR, Schneider FK, Ribas DIR, Badicu G, Bonatto AC, Ardigò LP, Bassan JC. Impact of Genetic Polymorphisms on Electrochemical Parameters and Acid-Base Disorders in Brazilian Runners During a 105-Kilometer Ultramarathon. Nutrients. 2024; 16(22):3945. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16223945

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ribas, Marcelo Romanovitch, Fábio Kurt Schneider, Danieli Isabel Romanovitch Ribas, Georgian Badicu, Ana Claudia Bonatto, Luca Paolo Ardigò, and Júlio Cesar Bassan. 2024. "Impact of Genetic Polymorphisms on Electrochemical Parameters and Acid-Base Disorders in Brazilian Runners During a 105-Kilometer Ultramarathon" Nutrients 16, no. 22: 3945. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16223945

APA Style

Ribas, M. R., Schneider, F. K., Ribas, D. I. R., Badicu, G., Bonatto, A. C., Ardigò, L. P., & Bassan, J. C. (2024). Impact of Genetic Polymorphisms on Electrochemical Parameters and Acid-Base Disorders in Brazilian Runners During a 105-Kilometer Ultramarathon. Nutrients, 16(22), 3945. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16223945

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