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Review

Post-Translational Modifications of Circulating Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Protein

1
Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland
2
Member of the German Center for Lung Research DZL, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover BREATH, 30625 Hannover, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(23), 9187; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239187
Received: 9 November 2020 / Revised: 29 November 2020 / Accepted: 30 November 2020 / Published: 2 December 2020
Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), an acute-phase protein encoded by the SERPINA1 gene, is a member of the serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN) superfamily. Its primary function is to protect tissues from enzymes released during inflammation, such as neutrophil elastase and proteinase 3. In addition to its antiprotease activity, AAT interacts with numerous other substances and has various functions, mainly arising from the conformational flexibility of normal variants of AAT. Therefore, AAT has diverse biological functions and plays a role in various pathophysiological processes. This review discusses major molecular forms of AAT, including complex, cleaved, glycosylated, oxidized, and S-nitrosylated forms, in terms of their origin and function. View Full-Text
Keywords: alpha-1-antitrypsin; AAT; SERPINA1; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; protease inhibitor; S-nitrosylation; glycosylation; oxidation; carbamylation; homocysteinylation alpha-1-antitrypsin; AAT; SERPINA1; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; protease inhibitor; S-nitrosylation; glycosylation; oxidation; carbamylation; homocysteinylation
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MDPI and ACS Style

Lechowicz, U.; Rudzinski, S.; Jezela-Stanek, A.; Janciauskiene, S.; Chorostowska-Wynimko, J. Post-Translational Modifications of Circulating Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Protein. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 9187. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239187

AMA Style

Lechowicz U, Rudzinski S, Jezela-Stanek A, Janciauskiene S, Chorostowska-Wynimko J. Post-Translational Modifications of Circulating Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Protein. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(23):9187. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239187

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lechowicz, Urszula, Stefan Rudzinski, Aleksandra Jezela-Stanek, Sabina Janciauskiene, and Joanna Chorostowska-Wynimko. 2020. "Post-Translational Modifications of Circulating Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Protein" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 23: 9187. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239187

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