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Article

Stem Bark Extract and Fraction of Persea americana (Mill.) Exhibits Bactericidal Activities against Strains of Bacillus cereus Associated with Food Poisoning

by
David A. Akinpelu
1,2,3,
Olayinka A. Aiyegoro
2,4,*,
Oluseun F. Akinpelu
5 and
Anthony I. Okoh
1,2
1
SA-MRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
2
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
3
Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State 234, Nigeria
4
GI Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Agricultural Research Council, Animal Production Institute, Irene, Pretoria 0062, South Africa
5
Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2015, 20(1), 416-429; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules20010416
Submission received: 8 October 2014 / Accepted: 18 December 2014 / Published: 30 December 2014
(This article belongs to the Collection Phytochemicals: Biosynthesis, Metabolism and Biological Activities)
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Abstract

The study investigates the in vitro antibacterial potentials of stem bark extracts of Persea americana on strains of Bacillus cereus implicated in food poisoning. The crude stem bark extracts and butanolic fraction at a concentration of 25 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL, respectively, exhibited antibacterial activities against test isolates. The zones of inhibition exhibited by the crude extract and the fraction ranged between 10 mm and 26 mm, while the minimum inhibitory concentration values ranged between 0.78 and 5.00 mg/mL. The minimum bactericidal concentrations ranged between 3.12 mg/mL–12.5 mg/mL and 1.25–10 mg/mL for the extract and the fraction, respectively. The butanolic fraction killed 91.49% of the test isolates at a concentration of 2× MIC after 60 min of contact time, while a 100% killing was achieved after the test bacterial cells were exposed to the butanolic fraction at a concentration of 3× MIC after 90 min contact time. Intracellular protein and potassium ion leaked out of the test bacterial cells when exposed to certain concentrations of the fraction; this is an indication of bacterial cell wall disruptions by the extract’s butanolic fraction and, thus, caused a biocidal effect on the cells, as evident in the killing rate test results.
Keywords: Persea americana; Bacillus cereus; antimicrobial activity; killing rate; protein leakage; potassium ion leakage; minimum inhibitory concentration Persea americana; Bacillus cereus; antimicrobial activity; killing rate; protein leakage; potassium ion leakage; minimum inhibitory concentration

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MDPI and ACS Style

Akinpelu, D.A.; Aiyegoro, O.A.; Akinpelu, O.F.; Okoh, A.I. Stem Bark Extract and Fraction of Persea americana (Mill.) Exhibits Bactericidal Activities against Strains of Bacillus cereus Associated with Food Poisoning. Molecules 2015, 20, 416-429. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules20010416

AMA Style

Akinpelu DA, Aiyegoro OA, Akinpelu OF, Okoh AI. Stem Bark Extract and Fraction of Persea americana (Mill.) Exhibits Bactericidal Activities against Strains of Bacillus cereus Associated with Food Poisoning. Molecules. 2015; 20(1):416-429. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules20010416

Chicago/Turabian Style

Akinpelu, David A., Olayinka A. Aiyegoro, Oluseun F. Akinpelu, and Anthony I. Okoh. 2015. "Stem Bark Extract and Fraction of Persea americana (Mill.) Exhibits Bactericidal Activities against Strains of Bacillus cereus Associated with Food Poisoning" Molecules 20, no. 1: 416-429. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules20010416

APA Style

Akinpelu, D. A., Aiyegoro, O. A., Akinpelu, O. F., & Okoh, A. I. (2015). Stem Bark Extract and Fraction of Persea americana (Mill.) Exhibits Bactericidal Activities against Strains of Bacillus cereus Associated with Food Poisoning. Molecules, 20(1), 416-429. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules20010416

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