Roots can be seen as natural soil reinforcement material. The prediction and quantitative evaluation of the shear strength of root-permeated soil is the focus of vegetation slope protection, in which the bonding effect of the root–soil interfac...
In dealing with issues such as soil erosion and slope instability, plant roots enhance the shear strength of the soil mass through their anchoring effect. However, in nature, cyclic loads such as flash floods and blizzards indirectly impose fatigue e...
Cabbage stubble left in fields after harvest forms a mechanically complex stubble–soil composite that hinders subsequent tillage and crop establishment. Although the Discrete Element Method (DEM) is widely used to model soil-root systems, calib...