Arboviruses and Global Health: A PanDengue Net Initiative

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "General Virology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2025 | Viewed by 1455

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Unit of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico
Interests: basic research on flavivirus interactions at the molecular level and pathogenesis; vaccine development and characterization of novel viruses in non-human primate models
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Guest Editor
Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
Interests: novel human and animal vaccines for diseases; highly pathogenic avian influenza; dengue; chikungunya; plague

Special Issue Information

As in the prior Special Issue, we expect to cover the more recent advances in flavivirus research. The collection of reviews and original research papers in this SI is intended to summarize and showcase current research on arboviruses by investigators from throughout the Americas and around the world.

Dear Colleagues,

The editorial team of the journal Viruses would like to announce the forthcoming Special Issue entitled:

"Arboviruses and Global Health: A PanDengue Net Initiative" guest-edited by Dr. Carlos A. Sariol (University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA) and Dr. Jorge Osorio (Director, Global Health Institute, University of Wisconsin).

After the COVID-19 pandemic subsided, flavivirus research intensified, reuptaking existing projects that were put on hold or starting new ones. This Special Issue is in collaboration with the Pan-American Dengue Research Network and the Global Health Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, and is expected to provide a dynamic and rapid platform for you to publish your ongoing research work on arbovirology in general, with a special emphasis on flavivirus and its impact on global health.

DENVs are considered the most important emerging human arboviruses, with a worldwide distribution in the tropics. They cause an estimated 100–400,000,000 infections each year, 750,000 cases of severe dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS), and up to 75,000 deaths every year [1]. According to the WHO, severe dengue is a leading cause of serious illness and death among children in some Asian and Latin American countries, as well as recently in the USA, where after an absence of 65 years DENV has re-established an autochthonous transmission cycle in Florida. The field of dengue research has shown considerable expansion in the last decade, with a licensed vaccine in the market, several new vaccine candidates, better understanding of disease determinants, and new developments in diagnosis, prognosis, and investigational treatments. However, there is currently no specific treatment, and new effective vaccines are urgently needed. Additionally, for this SI the scientific scope will be expanded to cover Zika, Chikungunya, Mayaro, arboviruses which have recently re-emerged in the Americas with devastating effects on human public health.

In addition, despite many years of research, multiple key questions related to complex immune interaction among flaviviruses, including the humoral, T cell, and innate immune response, are still open. Without a doubt, these areas need to be covered in order to design effective therapeutics and vaccine approaches.

PanDengue Net is a non-profit initiative that gathers scientists, researchers, and medical professionals working in the field of arbovirology across the Americas (http://www.pandenguenet.org). The PanDengue Net meeting, which is an event scheduled every two years, brings these researchers together in the context of a 4-day scientific gathering. The meeting allows presentation and discussion of recent advances in the field. The main focus is on Dengue, Zika, Chikungunya, and other arboviruses of medical relevance that severely impact public health in the Americas and around the world.

As in previous meetings (2008 Recife, Brazil; 2010 Cancun, Mexico; 2012 Cartagena, Colombia; 2014, Belém, Brazil; 2016 Panama City, Panama and 2018 Galveston, Texas, USA, Lima, Peru 2023), the Medellin meeting will include preeminent scientists from a wide range of fields, including vaccine development, vector research and control, molecular epidemiology, diagnostics, antivirals, viral structure and pathogenesis, and viral immunology. The meeting is essential to foster collaborations among groups and discuss future research strategies needed to strengthen the field. Importantly, the meeting also provides a unique platform for students and junior investigators from across Latin America and the Caribbean, who are usually underrepresented in science, to come together under one roof with leading figures in the field.

Reference

1. WHO M. Dengue and severe dengue. Geneva. 2019.

Dr. Carlos A. Sariol
Dr. Jorge Osorio
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • dengue
  • zika
  • chikungunya
  • mayaro
  • aedes
  • immunology
  • pathogenesis
  • vector control

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Article
Key Laboratory Markers for Early Detection of Severe Dengue
by Kumar Sivasubramanian, Raj Bharath R, Leela Kakithakara Vajravelu, Madan Kumar D and Aritra Banerjee
Viruses 2025, 17(5), 661; https://doi.org/10.3390/v17050661 (registering DOI) - 30 Apr 2025
Abstract
Dengue virus is the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral disease in humans. Severe dengue, defined by hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome, can develop quickly in people who have warning indications such as abdominal pain, mucosal bleeding, and a significant decrease in platelet count. [...] Read more.
Dengue virus is the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral disease in humans. Severe dengue, defined by hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome, can develop quickly in people who have warning indications such as abdominal pain, mucosal bleeding, and a significant decrease in platelet count. Laboratory markers such as hematocrit, platelet count, liver enzymes, and coagulation tests are critical for early diagnosis and prognosis. This retrospective study was carried out from January 2023 to December 2024 at a super-specialty tertiary care hospital. There were 283 adult patients with dengue with warning signs, who were categorized into 102 with platelet transfusion and 181 with no platelet transfusion. Data on patient demographics, clinical history, laboratory values, and radiological findings were systematically obtained from hospital records at the time of admission. Laboratory parameters such as white blood cell (OR = 2.137), hemoglobin (OR = 2.15), aPTT (OR = 5.815), AST2/ALT (OR = 2.431), platelet count (OR = 26.261) and NS1 (OR = 4.279) were found to be significantly associated (p < 0.01) with platelet transfusion. Similarly, an increased prothrombin time (OR = 2.432) contributed to prolonged hospital stays and the presence of ascites (OR = 5.059), gallbladder wall thickening (OR = 4.212), and pleural effusion (OR = 2.917), contributing to the severity of the dengue infection. These significant laboratory markers help with identifying patients with dengue who may develop severe dengue, requiring platelet transfusion, thereby prioritizing patient care and enabling the implementation of targeted interventions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Arboviruses and Global Health: A PanDengue Net Initiative)
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Article
Analysis of Morbidity and Mortality Due to Yellow Fever in Brazil
by Luisa Sousa Machado, Antonio Francisco Marinho Sobrinho, Andrielly Gomes De Jesus, Juarez Antônio Simões Quaresma and Helierson Gomes
Viruses 2025, 17(3), 443; https://doi.org/10.3390/v17030443 - 19 Mar 2025
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Abstract
Introduction: Yellow fever (YF) is a viral hemorrhagic fever transmitted by mosquitoes, characterized by a high mortality due to kidney and liver failure, massive coagulation disorders, and hemorrhages. With no specific treatment, prevention through vaccination and vector control is essential. This study investigates [...] Read more.
Introduction: Yellow fever (YF) is a viral hemorrhagic fever transmitted by mosquitoes, characterized by a high mortality due to kidney and liver failure, massive coagulation disorders, and hemorrhages. With no specific treatment, prevention through vaccination and vector control is essential. This study investigates the epidemiology of YF in Brazil from 2011 to 2020, focusing on its trends and distribution across the territory. Methods: This ecological time-series study analyzed confirmed YF cases in Brazil’s 27 federative units between 2011 and 2020. Data were sourced from DATASUS, IBGE, and IPEA. Incidence rates per 100,000 inhabitants were calculated, and various sociodemographic and health indicators were analyzed. Prais–Winsten autoregressive models assessed the trends, while a spatial analysis identified the risk areas using global and local Moran’s I statistics. The data were processed using Stata and GeoDa® software, version 1.12. Results: YF cases were concentrated in the Amazon and Atlantic Forest biomes. The majority of the cases occurred in males (83.3%), non-white individuals (94.3%), and rural workers. Pará showed an increasing trend in incidence. A higher vaccination coverage correlated with a lower YF incidence, though endemic areas with good vaccination coverage still exhibited high rates. Health and socioeconomic indicators were inversely related to incidence, highlighting disparities in regional development. Conclusion: Effective YF control requires multidisciplinary strategies, including expanded vaccination coverage, intensified vector control, and active surveillance. Research should focus on developing better vaccines, monitoring immunity, and improving the global response coordination. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Arboviruses and Global Health: A PanDengue Net Initiative)
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