Dietary Exposure at the Farm Level: Pesticide Residues and Their Metabolites

A special issue of Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304). This special issue belongs to the section "Agrochemicals and Food Toxicology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2022) | Viewed by 5431

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Kifissia, Greece
Interests: analytical methods; consumer safety; food safety; exposure modeling; metabolism in plants and animals; dietary exposure; risk assessment; regulatory sciences

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Pesticide residues and metabolites occur in the majority of agricultural products and water as a result of the use of plant protection products against pest and diseases; thus, the estimation of dietary exposure is an important aspect of ensuring consumer safety. The accurate estimation of dietary exposure is essential for a robust and reliable risk assessment in the area or pesticides either for regulatory or research purposes, resulting in extended development in the field. To capture these trends, we are pleased to invite you to submit articles to this Special Issue on “Dietary Exposure at the Farm Level: Pesticide Residues and Their Metabolites”.

This Special Issue aims to capture advances in the area or dietary exposure for pesticide residues from farm to fork. Articles should address the residue behavior of pesticides in the field in combination with dietary exposure estimations using novel tools and approaches. Finally, articles addressing both hazard and exposure of pesticides such as mixture selection, hazard characterization, cumulative exposure from multiple residues, and regulatory aspects linked to pesticide residues are encouraged to be submitted.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but not be limited to) the following:

  1. Fate of pesticide residues in primary and rotational crops;
  2. Fate of pesticide residues in processing commodities;
  3. Residues in animal products (including fish) through feed;
  4. Residues in honey and bee products;
  5. Exposure of residues through drinking water;
  6. Chronic and acute exposure to single chemicals;
  7. Cumulative exposure to different chemicals;
  8. Regulatory aspects on dietary exposure.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Chris Anagnostopoulos
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • acute exposure
  • chronic exposure
  • maximum residue limits
  • multiple chemicals
  • multiresidue methods
  • plant protection products
  • pre-harvest interval
  • regulatory
  • residue definition
  • risk assessment

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

24 pages, 1584 KiB  
Article
Development, Optimization, and Validation of Forensic Analytical Method for Quantification of Anticholinesterase Pesticides in Biological Matrices from Suspected Cases of Animal Poisoning
by André Rinaldi Fukushima, Juliana Weckx Peña-Muñoz, Luís Antônio Baffile Leoni, Maria Aparecida Nicoletti, Glaucio Monteiro Ferreira, Jan Carlo Morais Oliveira Bertassoni Delorenzi, Esther Lopes Ricci, Marlos Eduardo Brandão, Lorena de Paula Pantaleon, Vagner Gonçalves-Junior, Paula Andrea Faria Waziry, Paulo Cesar Maiorka and Helenice de Souza Spinosa
Toxics 2022, 10(5), 269; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10050269 - 23 May 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2387
Abstract
Anticholinesterase pesticides are a main cause of the intentional or accidental poisoning of animals. Anticholinesterases include several substances that cause the overstimulation of both central and peripheral acetylcholine-dependent neurotransmission. Forensic analyses of poisoning cases require high levels of expertise, are costly, and often [...] Read more.
Anticholinesterase pesticides are a main cause of the intentional or accidental poisoning of animals. Anticholinesterases include several substances that cause the overstimulation of both central and peripheral acetylcholine-dependent neurotransmission. Forensic analyses of poisoning cases require high levels of expertise, are costly, and often do not provide reliable quantitative information for unambiguous conclusions. The purpose of the present study was to develop and validate a method of high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC–DAD) for the identification and quantitation of n-methyl carbamates, organophosphates and respective metabolites from biological samples of animals that were suspected of poisoning. HPLC–DAD is reliable, fast, simplistic and cost-effective. The method was validated for biological samples obtained from stomach contents, liver, vitreous humor and blood from four different animal species. The validation of the method was achieved using the following analytical parameters: linearity, precision, accuracy, selectivity, recovery, and matrix effect. The method showed linearity at the range of 25–500 μg/mL, and the correlation coefficient (r2) values were >0.99 for all matrices. Precision and accuracy were determined by the (a) coefficient of variation (CV), (b) relative standard deviation low-quality control (LQC), (c) medium-quality control (QCM), and (d) high-quality control (QCA). The indicated parameters were all less than 15%. The recovery of analytes ranged from 31 to 71%. The analysis of results showed no significant interfering peaks due to common xenobiotics or matrix effects. The abovementioned method was used to positively identify pesticide analytes in 44 of the 51 animal samples that were suspected of poisoning, demonstrating its usefulness as a forensic tool. Full article
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11 pages, 1028 KiB  
Article
Transfer of Pesticide Residues from Grapes (Vitis vinifera) into Wine—Correlation with Selected Physicochemical Properties of the Active Substances
by Arno Kittelmann, Carola Müller, Sascha Rohn and Britta Michalski
Toxics 2022, 10(5), 248; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10050248 - 16 May 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2417
Abstract
The concentration of pesticide residues in agricultural products at harvest can change during subsequent processing steps. This change, commonly expressed as Processing Factor (PF), is influenced by the raw agricultural commodity, and the processing conditions, as well as the properties of the substances. [...] Read more.
The concentration of pesticide residues in agricultural products at harvest can change during subsequent processing steps. This change, commonly expressed as Processing Factor (PF), is influenced by the raw agricultural commodity, and the processing conditions, as well as the properties of the substances. As it is not possible to conduct processing studies for all possible combinations of pesticide × process × product, new approaches for determining processing factors are needed. Wine was chosen as the object of the present study because it is a widely consumed product. Furthermore, it is already known that the concentration of pesticide residues can change considerably during the processing of grapes into wine, substantiating the need for PFs for a large number of pesticides. The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between selected physicochemical properties and PFs. In addition, the influence of different winemaking processes was explored. For this purpose, 70 processing studies conducted by pesticide manufacturers in the framework of regulatory procedures were evaluated in detail and PFs were derived for 20 pesticides. For wine, a good correlation between the PF and the octanol-water partition coefficient of the substances was found, depending on the specific production methods used. Exemplarily, the coefficient of determination for white wine was 0.85, and 0.81 for red wine, when thermovinification was applied. These results can serve as the basis for a predictive model to be validated further with future winemaking studies for pesticides. Full article
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