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Toxics
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Chemical Contaminants in Food and Feed
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Chemical Contaminants in Food and Feed

A special issue of Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304). This special issue belongs to the section "Agrochemicals and Food Toxicology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2024) | Viewed by 8718

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Bernard Salles

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Toxalim Research Center in Food Toxicology, Universite de Toulouse, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, F-31027 Toulouse, France
Interests: genetic toxicology; carcinogenicity; cellular and molecular toxicity; mechanisms of toxicity; nanotoxicology
Dr. Isabelle P. Oswald

grade E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
INRA, UMR 1331 Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, F-31027 Toulouse, France
Interests: mycotoxin; intestine; immune response; swine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Humans and animals are exposed daily to a large number of chemicals present in food and feed. The list of chemicals in food and feed includes mycotoxins, food additives, pesticide residues, heavy metals, packaging materials, etc.

The detection, analysis, determination of hazards, and further risk assessment of these chemicals are essential for human and animal health. Therefore, in this Special Issue we hope to collect original research or reviews from scholars in this field in order to provide a space for communication. We are pleased to invite original research and review papers that may make a contribution to one or more of the following topics, or to a related topic of your choosing:

  • Exposure data of chemical contaminants;
  • Toxicokinetic/toxicodynamic analysis;
  • Hazard characterization based on the date;
  • Validation of biomarkers of exposure or effect;
  • Mechanism of action;
  • Adverse outcome pathways.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Bernard Salles
Dr. Isabelle P. Oswald
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Toxics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • chemical contaminants of food and feed
  • exposure assessment
  • biomarkers of exposure or effect
  • risk assessment
  • toxicokinetic/toxicodynamic
  • MOA, AOP

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 3412 KiB  
Article
Risk Assessment of Isoeugenol in Food Based on Benchmark Dose—Response Modeling
by Thomas Quentin, Heike Franke and Dirk W. Lachenmeier
Toxics 2023, 11(12), 991; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11120991 - 5 Dec 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2459
Abstract
Isoeugenol has recently been evaluated as possibly carcinogenic (Group 2B) by the WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). In light of this evaluation, an updated risk assessment of this common food constituent was conducted using the benchmark dose (BMD) approach as [...] Read more.
Isoeugenol has recently been evaluated as possibly carcinogenic (Group 2B) by the WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). In light of this evaluation, an updated risk assessment of this common food constituent was conducted using the benchmark dose (BMD) approach as recommended by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) for point of departure (POD) determination, as an alternative to the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL). This approach was specifically chosen, as for the relevant neoplastic endpoints only lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) values are available. The toxicological endpoint from the animal studies with the most conservative BMD lower confidence limit (BMDL) value was identified. Using the obtained BMDL value of 8 mg/kg body weight/day as POD, an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 16 µg/kg body weight/day was obtained, which—despite being more conservative than previous approaches—is still clearly above the estimated daily exposure level to isoeugenol in the USA and in Europe. These results confirm a low risk of the estimated daily exposure levels of isoeugenol. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical Contaminants in Food and Feed)
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21 pages, 1765 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Essential, Toxic and Potentially Toxic Elements in Leafy Vegetables Grown in the Canary Islands
by Verónica Martín-León, Carmen Rubio, Ángel Rodríguez-Hernández, Manuel Zumbado, Andrea Acosta-Dacal, Luis Alberto Henríquez-Hernández, Luis D. Boada, María del Mar Travieso-Aja and Octavio P. Luzardo
Toxics 2023, 11(5), 442; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11050442 - 7 May 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2783
Abstract
Forty-seven elements in leafy green vegetables were studied to estimate the daily intakes from this food category in different scenarios (average and high consumers) and age groups of the Canary Islands population. The contribution of the consumption of each type of vegetable to [...] Read more.
Forty-seven elements in leafy green vegetables were studied to estimate the daily intakes from this food category in different scenarios (average and high consumers) and age groups of the Canary Islands population. The contribution of the consumption of each type of vegetable to the reference intakes of essential, toxic and potentially toxic elements was assessed and the risk–benefit ratio was evaluated. The leafy vegetables that provide the highest levels of elements are spinach, arugula, watercress and chard. While spinach, chard, arugula, lettuce sprouts and watercress were the leafy vegetables with the highest concentrations of essential elements (38,743 ng/g of Fe in spinach, 3733 ng/g of Zn in watercress), the high levels of Mn in chard, spinach and watercress are noteworthy. Among the toxic elements, Cd is the element with the highest concentration, followed by As and Pb. The vegetable with the highest concentration of potentially toxic elements (Al, Ag, Be, Cr, Ni, Sr and V) is spinach. In average adult consumers, while the greatest contribution of essential elements comes from arugula, spinach and watercress, insignificant dietary intakes of potentially toxic metals are observed. Toxic metal intakes from the consumption of leafy vegetables in the Canary Islands do not show significant values, so the consumption of these foods does not pose a health risk. In conclusion, the consumption of leafy vegetables provides significant levels of some essential elements (Fe, Mn, Mo, Co and Se), but also of some potentially toxic elements (Al, Cr and Tl). A high consumer of leafy vegetables would see their daily nutritional needs regarding Fe, Mn, Mo, and Co covered, although they are also exposed to moderately worrying levels of Tl. To monitor the safety of dietary exposure to these metals, total diet studies on those elements with dietary exposures above the reference values derived from the consumption of this food category, mainly Tl, are recommended. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical Contaminants in Food and Feed)
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12 pages, 3292 KiB  
Article
Aflatoxin-B1-Exposure-Induced Hepatic Injury Could Be Alleviated by Polydatin through Reducing Oxidative Stress, Inhibiting Inflammation and Improving Mitophagy
by Kang Cheng, Jingyi Niu, Xiaotong Zheng, Yining Qiao, Jinyan Zhang, Rui Guo, Guorun Dong, Zhihua Song, Jin Huang, Jinrong Wang and Yong Zhang
Toxics 2023, 11(4), 309; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11040309 - 26 Mar 2023
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2811
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a toxic food/feed pollutant, exerting extensive deleterious impacts on the liver. Oxidative stress and inflammation are considered to be vital contributors to AFB1 hepatotoxicity. Polydatin (PD), a naturally occurring polyphenol, has been demonstrated to protect and/or treat liver disorders [...] Read more.
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a toxic food/feed pollutant, exerting extensive deleterious impacts on the liver. Oxidative stress and inflammation are considered to be vital contributors to AFB1 hepatotoxicity. Polydatin (PD), a naturally occurring polyphenol, has been demonstrated to protect and/or treat liver disorders caused by various factors through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the role of PD in AFB1-induced liver injury is still elusive. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the protective effect of PD on hepatic injury in mice subjected to AFB1. Male mice were randomly divided into three groups: control, AFB1 and AFB1-PD groups. The results showed that PD protected against AFB1-induced hepatic injury demonstrated by the reduced serum transaminase activity, the restored hepatic histology and ultrastructure, which could be attributed to the enhanced glutathione level, the reduced interleukin 1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha concentrations, the increased interleukin 10 expression at transcriptional level and the up-regulated mRNA expression related to mitophagy. In conclusion, PD could alleviate AFB1-induced hepatic injury by reducing oxidative stress, inhibiting inflammation and improving mitophagy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical Contaminants in Food and Feed)
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