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Toxics
Special Issues
Novel Remediation Strategies for Soil Pollution
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Novel Remediation Strategies for Soil Pollution

A special issue of Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304). This special issue belongs to the section "Ecotoxicology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2025 | Viewed by 2896

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jiaqi Shi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210000, China
Interests: soil remediation; environmental occurrence of emerging pollutant; advanced oxidative process; migration and conversion behavior of organic pollutant; catalytic material
Dr. Tingting Fan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210000, China
Interests: soil remediation; interface process of heavy metal; source analysis of heavy metal in soil and groundwater

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

‌Soil pollution has become a major environmental issue of global concern, especially the soil pollution caused by industrial and mining activities, which seriously endangers human health and our ecological environment. Governments around the world attach great importance to the prevention and control of soil pollution. However, soil pollution is covert, heterogeneous, and accumulative. Thus, we are facing enormous challenges regarding the investigation and control of pollution. Conventional remediation and control techniques are costly and energy-intensive. This Special Issue will welcome papers related to innovative soil investigation, risk assessment, and remediation technologies. Review paper, original laboratory or field experimental research papers are all welcome. However, studies that focus on both the mechanisms and practical applications of technologies will be preferred. The purpose of this Special Issue is to enhance peer communication, improve efficiency, and reduce the cost of remediation technology. Overall, our goal is to promote the continuous progress of soil remediation and control.

Dr. Jiaqi Shi
Dr. Tingting Fan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Toxics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • soil remediation
  • advanced oxidative process
  • soil risk assessment
  • bioremediation
  • combined remediation of soil and groundwater
  • development of innovative remediation material

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 3171 KiB  
Article
Activation of ClO2 by Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron for Efficient Soil Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Degradation: New Insight into the Relative Contribution of Fe(IV) and Hydroxyl Radicals
by Xiaojun Hu, Xiaorong Xing, Fan Zhang, Bingzhi Li, Senlin Chen, Bo Wang, Jiaolong Qin and Jie Miao
Toxics 2025, 13(1), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13010036 - 5 Jan 2025
Viewed by 776
Abstract
Recently, the activation of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) by metal(oxide) for soil remediation has gained notable attention. However, the related activation mechanisms are still not clear. Herein, the variation of iron species and ClO2, the generated reactive oxygen species, and [...] Read more.
Recently, the activation of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) by metal(oxide) for soil remediation has gained notable attention. However, the related activation mechanisms are still not clear. Herein, the variation of iron species and ClO2, the generated reactive oxygen species, and the toxicity of the degradation intermediates were explored and evaluated with nanoscale zero-valent iron (nFe0) being employed to activate ClO2 for soil polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) removal. With an optimized ClO2/nFe0 molar ratio of 15:1 and a soil/water ratio of 3:1, the degradation efficiency of phenanthrene improved 12% in comparison with that of a ClO2-alone system. The presence of nFe0 significantly promoted ClO2 consumption (improved 85.4%) but restrained ClO2− generation (reduced 22.5%). The surface Fe(II) and soluble Fe(II) in the ClO2/nFe0 system was 2.0-fold and 2.8-fold that in the nFe0 system after 2 min. Electron paramagnetic resonance analysis, along with quenching experiments, revealed that Fe(IV), HOCl, and •OH dominated phenanthrene degradation in a ClO2/nFe0 system, with oxidation contributions, respectively, of 34.3%, 52.8% and 12.9%. The degradation intermediates of PAHs in the ClO2/nFe0 system had lower estimated toxicity than those of the ClO2 system. The lettuces grown in ClO2/nFe0-treated soil displayed better results in bioassay indexes than those grown in ClO2-treated soil. This study offers new perspectives for the remediation of organic-pollutant-contaminated soil by using metal-activated ClO2 technology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Remediation Strategies for Soil Pollution)
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19 pages, 9128 KiB  
Article
Design, Implementation and Environmental Impact of Cutoff Wall for Pollution Control in an Industrial Legacy Site
by Lu Yu, Sichen Chen, Jinnan Wang, Zhihong Zhang and Yan Huang
Toxics 2025, 13(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13010011 - 25 Dec 2024
Viewed by 573
Abstract
Heavy metal-organic pollutants compound pollution at industrial legacy sites and have caused damage to the ecological environment and human health during recent decades. In view of the difficulty and high cost of post-contamination remediation, it is worth studying, and practically applying, cutoff walls [...] Read more.
Heavy metal-organic pollutants compound pollution at industrial legacy sites and have caused damage to the ecological environment and human health during recent decades. In view of the difficulty and high cost of post-contamination remediation, it is worth studying, and practically applying, cutoff walls to reduce the spread of pollution in advance. In this study, field-scale studies were carried out at e-waste dismantling legacy sites in Taizhou, Zhejiang Province of China, through the process of site investigation, numerical simulation, and cutoff wall practical application. Firstly, the concentrations and spatial distributions of Pb, Cd and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and poly brominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were identified in both soil and groundwater. Then, potential dispersal routes of key combined contaminants (Pb and PCBs) at the soil–groundwater interface were systematically studied through numerical simulation applying Visual MODFLOW-MT3DMS. One site was chosen to predict the barrier effect of differently sized cutoff walls based on the migration path of compound pollutants. A protocol for a cutoff wall (50 m length × 2 m width × 3 m height) was finally verified and applied at the real contaminated site for the blocking of compound pollutant diffusion. Further, the groundwater quality of the contaminated site was monitored consecutively for six months to ensure the durability and stability of barrier measures. All pollutant indicators, including for Pb and PCB complex pollutants, were reduced to below the national Grade IV groundwater standard value, achieving environmental standards at these polluted sites and providing possibilities for land reuse. In summary, this field-scale test provided new ideas for designing cutoff walls to block the diffusion of complex pollutants; it also laid a basis for the practical application of cutoff walls in pollution prevention and control of complex contaminated sites and for soil–groundwater environmental protection at industrial heritage sites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Remediation Strategies for Soil Pollution)
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Review

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26 pages, 2877 KiB  
Review
A Comprehensive Review of Multifunctional Nanozymes for Degradation and Detection of Organophosphorus Pesticides in the Environment
by Jijia Liang, Zhongtian Dong, Ning Xu, Tao Chen, Jie Liang, Mingzhu Xia and Fenghe Wang
Toxics 2024, 12(12), 926; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12120926 - 20 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1229
Abstract
Organophosphorus pesticides are the most extensively utilized agrichemicals in the world. They play a crucial role in regulating crop growth, immunizing against pests, and improving yields, while their unregulated residues exert serious detrimental effects on both the environment and human health. Many efforts [...] Read more.
Organophosphorus pesticides are the most extensively utilized agrichemicals in the world. They play a crucial role in regulating crop growth, immunizing against pests, and improving yields, while their unregulated residues exert serious detrimental effects on both the environment and human health. Many efforts have been made in the world to monitor organophosphorus pesticides and solve the issues caused by them. Nanozymes, as one kind of enzyme mimic that is artificially designed to simulate the function of natural enzymes, have aroused a lot of attention due to their unparalleled advantages. Nanozymes inherit both the unique properties of nanomaterials and catalytic functions, which could overcome the limitations inherent in natural enzymes and have great versatile and adaptable application prospects. This review presents a recent advancement in synthesizing multifunctional nanozymes with enzymatic-like activities by using various nanomaterials to degrade and detect organophosphorus pesticides. It mainly encompasses metal-based nanozymes, carbon-based nanozymes, metal–organic-framework-based nanozymes, and single-atom-based nanozymes. Additionally, this paper discusses the potential of nanozymes as novel functional environmental materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Remediation Strategies for Soil Pollution)
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