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Symmetry
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Fluid Mechanics Physical Problems and Symmetry
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Fluid Mechanics Physical Problems and Symmetry

A special issue of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994). This special issue belongs to the section "Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2020) | Viewed by 33135

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Efstratios Tzirtzilakis

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Guest Editor
Fluid Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of the Peloponnese, 1 M. Aleksandrou Str., Koukouli, 263 34 Patras, Greece
Interests: computational fluid mechanics; biomagnetic fluid dynamics; applied mathematics; ferrohydrodynamics; magnetohydrodynamics
Prof. Dr. Michalis Xenos

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Guest Editor
Department of Mathematics, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
Interests: applied mathematics; fluid mechanics; computational fluid dynamics; fluid structure interaction; biomedical applications
Prof. Dr. Yuefan Deng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Rd., Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
Interests: parallel computing; molecular dynamics; task mapping

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

There are numerous fluid mechanics physical problems related to interesting applications, including biological, (bio)magnetic, fluid–structure interaction, and generally hydrodynamic fluid flow problems. The study of these problems is often carried out utilizing either experimental or numerical methods. Another interesting feature is represented by the theoretical aspects, such as the derivation of analytical solutions or the study of the existence of solutions. Such kind of studies are always valuable and highly desirable, even for special or simplified cases of the corresponding physical problems. This Special Issue focuses on the numerical, experimental, or analytical study of mainly incompressible flows in various geometries, such as internal or boundary layer flows. The physical problems of concern are those related to, but not exclusively, classical hydrodynamics, biological flows, ferrohydrodynamics (FHD), magnetohydrodynamics (MHD,) and biomagnetic fluid dynamics.

Prof. Dr. E.E. Tzirtzilakis
Prof. Dr. Michalis Xenos
Prof. Dr. Yuefan Deng
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • fluid mechanics
  • Magneto Hydro Dynamics
  • Ferro Hydro Dynamics
  • Biomagnetic Fluid Dynamics
  • Biofluid mechanics
  • analytical solutions
  • numerical solutions
  • experimental results
  • Mathematical modelling.

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Published Papers (11 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 2705 KiB  
Article
Numerical Solution of Biomagnetic Power-Law Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Channel
by Adrian S. Halifi, Sharidan Shafie and Norsarahaida S. Amin
Symmetry 2020, 12(12), 1959; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12121959 - 27 Nov 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2065
Abstract
The effect of non-Newtonian biomagnetic power-law fluid in a channel undergoing external localised magnetic fields is investigated. The governing equations are derived by considering both effects of Ferrohydrodynamics (FHD) and Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). These governing equations are difficult to solve due to the inclusion [...] Read more.
The effect of non-Newtonian biomagnetic power-law fluid in a channel undergoing external localised magnetic fields is investigated. The governing equations are derived by considering both effects of Ferrohydrodynamics (FHD) and Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). These governing equations are difficult to solve due to the inclusion of source term from magnetic equation and the nonlinearity of the power-law model. Numerical scheme of Constrained Interpolation Profile (CIP) is developed to solve the governing equations numerically. Extensive results carried out show that this method is efficient on studying the biomagnetic and non-Newtonian power-law flow. New results show that the inclusion of power-law model affects the vortex formation, skin friction and heat transfer parameter significantly. Regardless of the power-law index, the vortex formation length increases when Magnetic number increases. The effect of this vortex however decreases with the inclusion of power-law where in the shear thinning case, the arising vortex is more pronounced than in the shear thickening case. Furthermore, increasing of power-law index from shear thinning to shear thickening, decreases the wall shear stress and heat transfer parameters. However for high Magnetic number, the wall shear stress and heat transfer parameters increase especially near the location of the magnetic source. The results can be used as a guide on assessing the potential effects of radiofrequency fields (RF) from electromagnetic fields (EMF) exposure on blood vessel. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluid Mechanics Physical Problems and Symmetry)
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15 pages, 7549 KiB  
Article
Population Distribution in the Wake of a Sphere
by Taraprasad Bhowmick, Yong Wang, Michele Iovieno, Gholamhossein Bagheri and Eberhard Bodenschatz
Symmetry 2020, 12(9), 1498; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12091498 - 11 Sep 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2863
Abstract
The physics of heat and mass transfer from an object in its wake has significant importance in natural phenomena as well as across many engineering applications. Here, we report numerical results on the population density of the spatial distribution of fluid velocity, pressure, [...] Read more.
The physics of heat and mass transfer from an object in its wake has significant importance in natural phenomena as well as across many engineering applications. Here, we report numerical results on the population density of the spatial distribution of fluid velocity, pressure, scalar concentration, and scalar fluxes of a wake flow past a sphere in the steady wake regime (Reynolds number 25 to 285). Our findings show that the spatial population distributions of the fluid and the transported scalar quantities in the wake follow a Cauchy-Lorentz or Lorentzian trend, indicating a variation in its sample number density inversely proportional to the squared of its magnitude. We observe this universal form of population distribution both in the symmetric wake regime and in the more complex three dimensional wake structure of the steady oblique regime with Reynolds number larger than 225. The population density distribution identifies the increase in dimensionless kinetic energy and scalar fluxes with the increase in Reynolds number, whereas the dimensionless scalar population density shows negligible variation with the Reynolds number. Descriptive statistics in the form of population density distribution of the spatial distribution of the fluid velocity and the transported scalar quantities is important for understanding the transport and local reaction processes in specific regions of the wake, which can be used e.g., for understanding the microphysics of cloud droplets and aerosol interactions, or in the technical flows where droplets interact physically or chemically with the environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluid Mechanics Physical Problems and Symmetry)
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23 pages, 15290 KiB  
Article
Two-Phase Biofluid Flow Model for Magnetic Drug Targeting
by Ioannis D. Boutopoulos, Dimitrios S. Lampropoulos, George C. Bourantas, Karol Miller and Vassilios C. Loukopoulos
Symmetry 2020, 12(7), 1083; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12071083 - 1 Jul 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2777
Abstract
Magnetic drug targeting (MDT) is a noninvasive method for the medical treatment of various diseases of the cardiovascular system. Biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles loaded with medicinal drugs are carried to a tissue target in the human body (in vivo) under the applied magnetic field. [...] Read more.
Magnetic drug targeting (MDT) is a noninvasive method for the medical treatment of various diseases of the cardiovascular system. Biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles loaded with medicinal drugs are carried to a tissue target in the human body (in vivo) under the applied magnetic field. The present study examines the MDT technique in various microchannels geometries by adopting the principles of biofluid dynamics (BFD). The blood flow is considered as laminar, pulsatile and the blood as an incompressible and non-Newtonian fluid. A two-phase model is adopted to resolve the blood flow and the motion of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The numerical results are obtained by utilizing a meshless point collocation method (MPCM) alongside with the moving least squares (MLS) approximation. The numerical results are verified by comparing with published numerical results. We investigate the effect of crucial parameters of MDT, including (1) the volume fraction of nanoparticles, (2) the location of the magnetic field, (3) the strength of the magnetic field and its gradient, (4) the way that MNPs approach the targeted area, and (5) the bifurcation angle of the vessel. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluid Mechanics Physical Problems and Symmetry)
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18 pages, 978 KiB  
Article
Solving the Nonlinear Boundary Layer Flow Equations with Pressure Gradient and Radiation
by Michalis A. Xenos, Eugenia N. Petropoulou, Anastasios Siokis and U. S. Mahabaleshwar
Symmetry 2020, 12(5), 710; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12050710 - 2 May 2020
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 5106
Abstract
The physical problem under consideration is the boundary layer problem of an incompressible, laminar flow, taking place over a flat plate in the presence of a pressure gradient and radiation. For the mathematical formulation of the problem, the partial differential equations of continuity, [...] Read more.
The physical problem under consideration is the boundary layer problem of an incompressible, laminar flow, taking place over a flat plate in the presence of a pressure gradient and radiation. For the mathematical formulation of the problem, the partial differential equations of continuity, energy, and momentum are taken into consideration with the boundary layer simplifications. Using the dimensionless Falkner–Skan transformation, a nonlinear, nonhomogeneous, coupled system of partial differential equations (PDEs) is obtained, which is solved via the homotopy analysis method. The obtained analytical solution describes radiation and pressure gradient effects on the boundary layer flow. These analytical results reveal that the adverse or favorable pressure gradient influences the dimensionless velocity and the dimensionless temperature of the boundary layer. An adverse pressure gradient causes significant changes on the dimensionless wall shear parameter and the dimensionless wall heat-transfer parameter. Thermal radiation influences the thermal boundary layer. The analytical results are in very good agreement with the corresponding numerical ones obtained using a modification of the Keller’s-box method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluid Mechanics Physical Problems and Symmetry)
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18 pages, 6132 KiB  
Article
MHD Bioconvection Flow and Heat Transfer of Nanofluid through an Exponentially Stretchable Sheet
by Mohammad Ferdows, Khairy Zaimi, Ahmed M. Rashad and Hossam A. Nabwey
Symmetry 2020, 12(5), 692; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12050692 - 1 May 2020
Cited by 51 | Viewed by 3148
Abstract
Recently, bioconvection phenomenon has gained great importance in research for its use in many engineering and biological applications. Therefore, this work investigates the magnetohydrodynamic flow of a dissipative nanofluid, including gyrotactic microorganisms along an exponentially moving sheet. Since the governing equations that describe [...] Read more.
Recently, bioconvection phenomenon has gained great importance in research for its use in many engineering and biological applications. Therefore, this work investigates the magnetohydrodynamic flow of a dissipative nanofluid, including gyrotactic microorganisms along an exponentially moving sheet. Since the governing equations that describe the problem are nonlinear and more complicated, similarity transformations are used to get a reduced mathematical model in which all the differential equations are ordinary and asymmetric. The computational analysis for the reduced mathematical model is carried out, employing the spectral relaxation technique (SRM) via software called MATLAB. Comparison results are also validated by using the boundary value problem solver (bvp4c) in MATLAB. The obtained results were compared with previously published researches, and a high degree of compatibility and accuracy were found symmetric. The implications of pertinent parameters on velocity, temperature, nanoparticles volume fraction, and density of the microorganism profiles are graphically presented. A decline was seen in the velocity field with augmentation in the magnetic parameter, but certain enhancement was noticed in the temperature field for augmented values of the magnetic parameter, thermophoresis, and Brownian motion parameters. A significant reduction was also noticed in the behavior of the concentration profile for augmented values of the Brownian motion parameter and Lewis number, while it was enhanced with the boost in the thermophoresis and magnetic parameters. The results also indicated that the density of the motile microorganism decreases with bioconvection Lewis number, Prandtl number, Lewis, and Peclet numbers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluid Mechanics Physical Problems and Symmetry)
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20 pages, 13836 KiB  
Article
Numerical Study of Bubble Behavior under Gradient Flows during Subcooled Flow Boiling in Vertical Flow Channel
by SalaiSargunan S Paramanantham, Dong-Hyun Kim and Warn-Gyu Park
Symmetry 2020, 12(4), 611; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12040611 - 12 Apr 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3098
Abstract
In this study, we examined the condensing behavior of single and multiple bubbles of pure steam in a subcooled liquid phase using a fully compressible two-phase homogeneous mixture method that is solved by an implicit dual-time preconditioned technique. The interface between the liquid [...] Read more.
In this study, we examined the condensing behavior of single and multiple bubbles of pure steam in a subcooled liquid phase using a fully compressible two-phase homogeneous mixture method that is solved by an implicit dual-time preconditioned technique. The interface between the liquid and vapor phases was determined by the advection equations using a compressive high-resolution interfacing capturing method. The spurious current reduced near the interface, a smoothing filter is applied to the progress curvature calculation. The sensitivity study carried out to predict the empirical constant by using Lee’s mass transfer model. A comparison of the numerical and experimental results highlighted that the proposed model accurately predicted the behavior of the definite condensing bubble. Furthermore, the single and multiple bubble condensation behaviors were investigated for different initial subcooled temperatures, and bubble diameters under various gradient flow, such as velocity gradient, temperature gradient, and velocity and temperature gradients. Subsequently, the effect of multiple bubbles flows in different bubble pattern forms, and their condensation was studied. The coalescence of bubbles depends on the subcooled temperature. Furthermore, the bubble diameter, the gap between the bubbles, and the flow rate of the bubbles were also observed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluid Mechanics Physical Problems and Symmetry)
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21 pages, 2010 KiB  
Article
Stability and Convergence Analysis of a Biomagnetic Fluid Flow Over a Stretching Sheet in the Presence of a Magnetic Field
by Md. Ghulam Murtaza, Efstratios Emmanouil Tzirtzilakis and Mohammad Ferdows
Symmetry 2020, 12(2), 253; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12020253 - 6 Feb 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2106
Abstract
This investigated the time-dependent, two-dimensional biomagnetic fluid (blood) flow (BFD) over a stretching sheet under the action of a strong magnetic field. Blood is considered a homogeneous and Newtonian fluid, which behaves as an electrically conducting magnetic fluid that also exhibits magnetization. Thus, [...] Read more.
This investigated the time-dependent, two-dimensional biomagnetic fluid (blood) flow (BFD) over a stretching sheet under the action of a strong magnetic field. Blood is considered a homogeneous and Newtonian fluid, which behaves as an electrically conducting magnetic fluid that also exhibits magnetization. Thus, a full BFD formulation was considered by combining both the principles of magnetization and the Lorentz force, which arise in magnetohydrodynamics and ferrohydrodynamics. The non-linear governing equations were transformed by using the usual non-dimensional variables. The resulting system of partial differential equations was discretized by applying a basic explicit finite differences scheme. Moreover, the stability and convergence analysis were performed to obtain restrictions that were especially for the magnetic parameters, which are of crucial importance for this problem. The acquired results are shown graphically and were examined for several values of the dimensionless parameters. The flow and temperature distributions were increased as the values of the magnetic parameters were increased. With the progression in time, the flow profile and temperature distribution were also increased. It is hoped that the results of this problem will be used for high targeting efficiency toward determining the maximum values of magnetic field for which accurate flow predictions could be made using a very simple numerical scheme. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluid Mechanics Physical Problems and Symmetry)
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15 pages, 6274 KiB  
Article
Research on Rotorcraft Blade Tip Vortex Identification and Motion Characteristics in Hovering State
by Hai Du, Wenjie Kong, Yan Wang, Wenjing Liu, Mingqi Huang, Weiguo Zhang and Min Tang
Symmetry 2020, 12(2), 196; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12020196 - 29 Jan 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2726
Abstract
The rotorcraft blade tip vortex rolled up by the blade tip when the rotor rotates at high speed will produce a complex induced velocity field, which will have an important impact on the aerodynamic load and performance of the rotor. For this reason, [...] Read more.
The rotorcraft blade tip vortex rolled up by the blade tip when the rotor rotates at high speed will produce a complex induced velocity field, which will have an important impact on the aerodynamic load and performance of the rotor. For this reason, this paper carries out the research on the identification of blade tip vortex and the motion characteristics of the vortex. Through the time-resolved particle image velocimetry (TR-PIV) experiment, the flow field of the rotor at a fixed rotate speed (2100 r/min) with a collective pitch of 6° and 9° was obtained. Based on the vorticity field, Q criterion, and Ω criterion, the research on vortex identification and vortex motion characteristics are realized. The results show that with the increase of blade motion azimuth, the radial position of blade tip vortex gradually contracts inward and the axial position moves downward in hovering state. As the collective pitch of the rotor increases, the radial contraction becomes more obvious, and the axial displacement increases, at the same time, the blade tip vortex intensity increases. Comparative study results show that different vortex identification methods have obtained certain deviations in the vortex center. Compared with other vortex identification methods, the Ω criterion method has a smaller deviation and can accurately identify the vortex core radius and vortex boundary. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluid Mechanics Physical Problems and Symmetry)
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19 pages, 5318 KiB  
Article
Numerical Analysis of Fluid Forces for Flow Past a Square Rod with Detached Dual Control Rods at Various Gap Spacing
by Raheela Manzoor, Abdul Ghaffar, Dumitru Baleanu and Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar
Symmetry 2020, 12(1), 159; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12010159 - 13 Jan 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3005
Abstract
A two-dimensional numerical study was conducted for flow past a square rod in the presence of two control rods. One is placed vertically in the upstream direction and the second one is placed horizontally in the downstream direction of the square rod. The [...] Read more.
A two-dimensional numerical study was conducted for flow past a square rod in the presence of two control rods. One is placed vertically in the upstream direction and the second one is placed horizontally in the downstream direction of the square rod. The influence of gap spacing was studied by taking g1 = 1–5 and g2 = 0.5–5 (where g1 is the gap between the upstream control rod and the main rod, and g2 is the space between the main rod and the downstream control rod) at Re = 160. The simulation results were obtained in the form of vorticity contour, drag and lift coefficients, Strouhal number, and force statistics. Under the effect of gap spacing, three different flow modes were found and named according to their behavior. It was found that the mean drag coefficient showed decreasing behavior by increasing the value of g2 continually at a fixed value of g1. The largest value of C d m e a n was found at (g1, g2) = (1, 1) and the greatest percentage reduction in C d m e a n was obtained at (g1, g2) = (1, 3), which is 139.72%. The effect of thrust was also noticed for all selected values of g1 and g2. Furthermore, it was noticed that the Strouhal number and the root mean square values of the drag and lift coefficients smaller values than the single rod values, except for the Clrms value of (g1, g2) = (1, 3) and (1, 4). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluid Mechanics Physical Problems and Symmetry)
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19 pages, 3678 KiB  
Article
Micromagnetorotation of MHD Micropolar Flows
by Kyriaki-Evangelia Aslani, Lefteris Benos, Efstratios Tzirtzilakis and Ioannis E. Sarris
Symmetry 2020, 12(1), 148; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12010148 - 10 Jan 2020
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 2857
Abstract
The studies dealing with micropolar magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows usually ignore the micromagnetorotation (MMR) effect, by assuming that magnetization and magnetic field vectors are parallel. The main objective of the present investigation is to measure the effect of MMR and the possible differences encountered [...] Read more.
The studies dealing with micropolar magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows usually ignore the micromagnetorotation (MMR) effect, by assuming that magnetization and magnetic field vectors are parallel. The main objective of the present investigation is to measure the effect of MMR and the possible differences encountered by ignoring it. The MHD planar Couette micropolar flow is solved analytically considering and by ignoring the MMR effect. Subsequently, the influence of MMR on the velocity and microrotation fields as well as skin friction coefficient, is evaluated for various micropolar size and electric effect parameters and Hartmann numbers. It is concluded that depending on the parameters’ combination, as MMR varies, the fluid flow may accelerate, decelerate, or even excite a mixed pattern along the channel height. Thus, the MMR term is a side mechanism, other than the Lorentz force, that transfers or dissipates magnetic energy in the flow direct through microrotation. Acceleration or deceleration of the velocity from 4% to even up to 45% and almost 15% deviation of the skin friction were measured when MMR was considered. The crucial effect of the micromagnetorotation term, which is usually ignored, should be considered for the future design of industrial and bioengineering applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluid Mechanics Physical Problems and Symmetry)
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15 pages, 8891 KiB  
Article
Numerical Analysis with Keller-Box Scheme for Stagnation Point Effect on Flow of Micropolar Nanofluid over an Inclined Surface
by Khuram Rafique, Muhammad Imran Anwar, Masnita Misiran, Ilyas Khan, Asiful H. Seikh, El-Sayed M. Sherif and Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar
Symmetry 2019, 11(11), 1379; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11111379 - 6 Nov 2019
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2346
Abstract
The prime aim of this paper is to probe the flow of micropolar nanofluid towards an inclined stretching surface adjacent to the stagnation region with Brownian motion and thermophoretic impacts. The chemical reaction and heat generation or absorption are also taken into account. [...] Read more.
The prime aim of this paper is to probe the flow of micropolar nanofluid towards an inclined stretching surface adjacent to the stagnation region with Brownian motion and thermophoretic impacts. The chemical reaction and heat generation or absorption are also taken into account. The energy and mass transport of the micropolar nanofluid flow towards an inclined surface are discussed. The numerical solution is elucidated for the converted non-linear ordinary differential equation from the set of partial nonlinear differential equations via compatible similarity transformations. A converted system of ordinary differential equations is solved via the Keller-box scheme. The stretching velocity and external velocity are supposed to change linearly by the distance from the stagnation point. The impacts of involved parameters on the concerned physical quantities such as skin friction, Sherwood number, and energy exchange are discussed. These results are drawn through the graphs and presented in the tables. The energy and mass exchange rates show a direct relation with the stagnation point. In the same vein, skin friction diminishes with the growth of the stagnation factor. Heat and mass fluxes show an inverse correspondence with the inclination factor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluid Mechanics Physical Problems and Symmetry)
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