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Processes
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Processes for Biofuel, Biogas and Resource Recovery from Biomass
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Processes for Biofuel, Biogas and Resource Recovery from Biomass

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental and Green Processes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 12793

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Elsayed Elbeshbishy

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
Interests: anaerobic digestion; co-digestion; biohydrogen and biomethane production; pretreatment of municipal solid wastes; volatile fatty acid production from waste
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Farokh Laqa Kakar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
Interests: anaerobic digestion; fermentation; hydrothermal pretreatment of municipal solid waste; volatile fatty acids production from waste

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We would like to take this opportunity to invite you to participate in a Special Issue on “Processes for Biofuel, Biogas and Resource Recovery from Biomass”, to be published in Processes. Processes (ISSN 2227-9717; CODEN: PROCCO, 2019 Impact Factor: 2.753) is an international peer-reviewed open access journal on processes in chemistry, biochemistry, biology, materials, and related process/systems engineering research fields.

There is growing interest in biofuels in many developing countries as a means of “modernizing” biomass use and providing greater access to clean liquid fuels while helping to address energy costs, energy security, and global warming concerns associated with petroleum fuels. On the other hand, landfilling is a major global challenge, which results in environmental degradation and is not an absolute and environmentally friendly solution to waste management. Therefore, alternative processes to not only treat the waste but to produce value-added products has been considered. Further, there has been growing attention to the development of reliable technologies for conversion of biomass specially waste to biofuels and other value-added bioproducts and thereby building sustainable waste infrastructures while producing alternative energy to the fossil fuel. This Special Issue on “Processes for Biofuel, Biogas and Resource Recovery from Biomass” seeks high-quality works and topics focusing on the existing and emerging processes for biofuel, biogas, and value-added resource recovery from a variety of biomass such as waste, crops, and wood.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:  

  • Anaerobic digestion of organic waste;
  • Transesterificationof oil and fat;
  • Esterification of vegetable and animal oils;
  • Partial combustion of biomass;
  • Pyrolysis of biomass;
  • Hydrocracking biological oils;
  • Bio-electrochemical conversion of biowaste;
  • Microbial fermentation for liquid and gaseous biofuels production;
  • Waste-to-bioenergy;
  • Thermochemical conversion of waste;
  • Enzymatic conversion of waste.
Dr. Elsayed Elbeshbishy
Dr. Farokh Laqa Kakar
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Biofuel 
  • Biomass 
  • Anaerobic digestion
  • Fermentation 
  • Transesterification 
  • Pyrolysis 
  • Combustion
  • Esterification 
  • Bio-electrochemical processes 
  • Thermochemical conversion
  • Enzymatic conversion

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 2530 KiB  
Article
Volatile Fatty Acids and Biomethane Recovery from Thickened Waste Activated Sludge: Hydrothermal Pretreatment’s Retention Time Impact
by Farokh laqa Kakar, Ahmed El Sayed, Neha Purohit and Elsayed Elbeshbishy
Processes 2020, 8(12), 1580; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8121580 - 30 Nov 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3008
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the hydrothermal pretreatment’s retention time influence on the volatile fatty acids and biomethane production from thickened waste activated sludge under mesophilic conditions. Six different retention times of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 [...] Read more.
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the hydrothermal pretreatment’s retention time influence on the volatile fatty acids and biomethane production from thickened waste activated sludge under mesophilic conditions. Six different retention times of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min were investigated while the hydrothermal pretreatment temperature was kept at 170 °C. The results showed that the chemical oxygen demand (COD) solubilization increased by increasing the hydrothermal pretreatment retention time up to 30 min and stabilized afterwards. The highest COD solubilization of 48% was observed for the sample pretreated at 170 °C for 30 min. Similarly, the sample pretreated at 170 °C for 30 min demonstrated the highest volatile fatty acids yield of 14.5 g COD/Lsubstrate added and a methane yield of 225 mL CH4/g TCODadded compared to 4.3 g COD/Lsubstrate added and 163 mL CH4/g TCODadded for the raw sample, respectively. The outcome of this study revealed that the optimum conditions for solubilization are not necessarily associated with the best fermentation and/or digestion performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processes for Biofuel, Biogas and Resource Recovery from Biomass)
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18 pages, 4997 KiB  
Article
Impact of Effluent from the Leachate Treatment Plant of Taman Beringin Solid Waste Transfer Station on the Quality of Jinjang River
by Pui Mun Chin, Aine Nazira Naim, Fatihah Suja and Muhammad Fadly Ahmad Usul
Processes 2020, 8(12), 1553; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8121553 - 27 Nov 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3380
Abstract
Rapid population growth has contributed to increased solid waste generated in Malaysia. Most landfills that have reached the design capacity are now facing closure. Taman Beringin Landfill was officially closed, so the Taman Beringin Solid Waste Transfer Station was built to manage the [...] Read more.
Rapid population growth has contributed to increased solid waste generated in Malaysia. Most landfills that have reached the design capacity are now facing closure. Taman Beringin Landfill was officially closed, so the Taman Beringin Solid Waste Transfer Station was built to manage the relocation, consolidation, and transportation of solid waste to Bukit Tagar Sanitary Landfill. Leachates are generated as a consequence of rainwater percolation through waste and biochemical processes in waste cells. Leachate treatment is needed, as leachates cause environmental pollution and harm human health. This study investigates the impact of treated leachate discharge from a Leachate Treatment Plant (LTP) on the Jinjang River water quality. The performance of the LTP in Taman Beringin Solid Waste Transfer Station was also assessed. Leachate samples were taken at the LTP’s anoxic tank, aeration tank, secondary clarifier tank, and final discharge point, whereas river water samples were taken upstream and downstream of Jinjang River. The untreated leachate returned the following readings: biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (697.50 ± 127.94 mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (2419.75 ± 1155.22 mg/L), total suspended solid (TSS) (2710.00 ± 334.79 mg/L), and ammonia (317.08 ± 35.45 mg/L). The LTP’s overall performance was satisfactory, as the final treated leachates were able to meet the standard requirements of the Environmental Quality (Control of Pollution from Solid Waste Transfer Station and Landfill) Regulation 2009. However, the LTP’s activated sludge system performance was not satisfactory, and the parameters did not meet the standard limits. The result shows a low functioning biological treatment method that could not efficiently treat the leachate. However, a subsequent step of combining the biological and chemical process (coagulation, flocculation, activated sludge system, and activated carbon adsorption) helped the treated leachate to meet the standard B requirement stipulated by the Department of Environment (DOE), i.e., to flow safely into the river. This study categorized Jinjang River as polluted, with the discharge of the LTP’s treated leachates, possibly contributing to the river pollution. However, other factors, such as the upstream sewage treatment plant and the ex-landfill downstream, may have also affected the river water quality. The LTP’s activated sludge system performance at the transfer station still requires improvement to reduce the cost of the chemical treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processes for Biofuel, Biogas and Resource Recovery from Biomass)
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19 pages, 7478 KiB  
Article
Influence of Gasoline Addition on Biodiesel Combustion in a Compression-Ignition Engine with Constant Settings
by Wojciech Tutak and Arkadiusz Jamrozik
Processes 2020, 8(11), 1499; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8111499 - 19 Nov 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1925
Abstract
This paper presents results of investigation of co-combustion process of biodiesel with gasoline, in form of mixture and using dual fuel technology. The main objective of this work was to show differences in both combustion systems of the engine powered by fuels of [...] Read more.
This paper presents results of investigation of co-combustion process of biodiesel with gasoline, in form of mixture and using dual fuel technology. The main objective of this work was to show differences in both combustion systems of the engine powered by fuels of different reactivity. This paper presents parameters of the engine and the assessment of combustion stability. It turns out that combustion process of biodiesel was characterized by lower ignition delay compared to diesel fuel combustion. For 0.54 of gasoline energetic fraction, the ignition delay increased by 25% compared to the combustion of the pure biodiesel, but for dual fuel technology for 0.95 of gasoline fraction it was decreased by 85%. For dual fuel technology with the increase in gasoline fraction, the specific fuel consumption (SFC) was decreased for all analyzed fractions of gasoline. In the case of blend combustion, the SFC was increased in comparison to dual fuel technology. An analysis of spread of ignition delay and combustion duration was also presented. The study confirmed that it is possible to co-combust biodiesel with gasoline in a relatively high energetic fraction. For the blend, the ignition delay was up to 0.54 and for dual fuel it was near to 0.95. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processes for Biofuel, Biogas and Resource Recovery from Biomass)
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15 pages, 1888 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Pyrolysis Products and Kinetic Analysis of Waste Jute Stick Biomass
by Jayanto Kumar Sarkar and Qingyue Wang
Processes 2020, 8(7), 837; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8070837 - 14 Jul 2020
Cited by 39 | Viewed by 3523
Abstract
Thermochemical process of biomass is being considered as a latest technique for the restoration of energy source and biochemical products. In this study, the influence of the different heating rates on pyrolysis behaviors and kinetic of jute stick were investigated to justify the [...] Read more.
Thermochemical process of biomass is being considered as a latest technique for the restoration of energy source and biochemical products. In this study, the influence of the different heating rates on pyrolysis behaviors and kinetic of jute stick were investigated to justify the waste jute stick biomass as a potential source of bioenergy. Pyrolysis experiments were carried out at four several heating rates of 10, 20, 30 and 40 °C/min, by utilizing the thermogravimetric analyzer (TG-DTA) and a fixed-bed pyrolysis reactor. Two different kinetic methods, Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) and Ozawa–Flynn–Wall (OFW) were used to determine the distinct kinetic parameters. The experimental results showed that, the heating rates influenced significantly on the position of TG curve and maximum Tm peaks and highest decomposition rate of the jute stick biomass. Both the highest point of TG and the lowest point of Derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) curves were shifted towards the maximum temperature. However, the heating rates also influenced the products of pyrolysis yield, including bio-char, bio-oil and the non-condensable gases. The average values of activation energy were found to be 139.21 and 135.99 kJ/mol based on FWO and KAS models, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processes for Biofuel, Biogas and Resource Recovery from Biomass)
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