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Processes
Special Issues
Application of Microorganisms in Wastewater Treatment
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Application of Microorganisms in Wastewater Treatment

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental and Green Processes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2021) | Viewed by 35046

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ivan Kushkevych

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Department of Experimental Biology (Section of Microbiology), Faculty of Science at Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
Interests: sulfate-reducing bacteria; hydrogen sulfide; fecal contamination in wastewater; microbial detoxification; purple and green sulfur bacteria
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jan Küver

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Microbiology Group, Leibniz-Institut für Werkstofforientierte Technologien IWT Bremen, Bremen Institute for Materials Testing, 28199 Bremen, Germany
Interests: sulfate-reducing bacteria; sulfur-oxidizing bacteria; microbially influenced corrosion; anaerobic degradation; taxonomy; interaction of materials and microorganisms
Prof. Dr. Oksana Stolyar

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Co-Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry and Methods of its Teaching, Chief of Research Laboratory of Comparative Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatyuk National Pedagogical University, 46027 Ternopil, Ukraine
Interests: metallothioneins; glutathione; redox stress; biochemical markers for environmental risk assessment

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Wastewaters are generated from many different sources and represent thousands of tons of organic matter. Wastewater treatment is a biological process used to remove contaminants from wastewater or sewage and convert it into an effluent that can be returned to the water cycle with minimum impact on the environment, or directly reused. Wastewater treatment facilities are designed to allow the natural process of the breakdown of pollution to occur under controlled conditions. These systems include physical and chemical processes to remove solids and heavier materials. Microorganisms and their enzymes for waste, wastewater treatment, and bioremediation play an important role in these processes. The treatment of wastewater is part of the overarching field of sanitation. Different microbial communities can consume various complex organic compounds and decompose them in their metabolism. Thus, the application of different groups of microorganisms and increasing their metabolic activity for detoxification of water from different pollutants, of both organic and non-organic nature, is a pressing problem at present.

The main goal of this Special Issue is to collect manuscripts focused on the microbial application in wastewater treatment, main chemical compounds present in wastewater, and their effect on microbial respiration activity of sewage sludge, aerobically degradation or utilized by a sewage sludge bacterial consortium.

Dr. Ivan Kushkevych
Dr. Jan Küver
Prof. Dr. Oksana Stolyar
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Wastewaters
  • Hydrogen sulfide detoxification
  • Toxicity
  • Sulfates in water
  • Microbial application
  • Sulfate-reducing bacteria
  • Wastewater treatment
  • Toxic compounds
  • Bioremediation
  • Biological processes

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 2595 KiB  
Article
Real Wastewater Treatment Using a Moving Bed and Wastewater-Borne Algal–Bacterial Consortia with a Short Hydraulic Retention Time
by Donghan Kang and Keugtae Kim
Processes 2021, 9(1), 116; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9010116 - 7 Jan 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2907
Abstract
Algal–bacterial consortium is a promising technology, combined with wastewater treatment plants, because algae produce molecular oxygen for nitrification and organic removal and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. However, algal–bacterial consortia based on suspended growth require a relatively long hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4 [...] Read more.
Algal–bacterial consortium is a promising technology, combined with wastewater treatment plants, because algae produce molecular oxygen for nitrification and organic removal and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. However, algal–bacterial consortia based on suspended growth require a relatively long hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4 d to 6 d for removal of organic matter and nutrients. For the algal–bacterial consortia in a photobioreactor (PBR) containing a moving bed, the organic matter and nutrient removal and the community structure of algal–bacterial consortia were investigated to determine the performance under a relatively short HRT of 2.5 d. Moving media containing algal–bacterial consortia enhanced the photosynthetic oxygen concentration (0.2 mg dissolved oxygen (DO)·L−1 to 5.9 mg DO·L−1), biochemical oxygen demand removal (88.0% to 97.2%), ammoniacal nitrogen removal (33.8% to 95.3%), total nitrogen removal (61.6% to 87.7%), total phosphate removal (66.4% to 88.7%), algal growth (149.3 mg algae·L−1 to 285.4 mg algae·L−1), and settleability (algae removal efficiency of 20.6% to 71.2%) compared with those of a PBR without moving media (SPBR). Although biomass uptake was the main mechanism for nutrient removal in the SPBR, both biomass uptake and denitrification were the main mechanisms in the PBR with moving media (MBPBR). The bacterial community also changed under the moving media condition. This study shows that moving media might be an essential parameter for PBRs with a short HRT to enhance nutrient removal and settleability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Microorganisms in Wastewater Treatment)
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22 pages, 3091 KiB  
Article
Microbial Communities and Sulfate-Reducing Microorganisms Abundance and Diversity in Municipal Anaerobic Sewage Sludge Digesters from a Wastewater Treatment Plant (Marrakech, Morocco)
by Abdelaziz El Houari, Magali Ranchou-Peyruse, Anthony Ranchou-Peyruse, Rhizlane Bennisse, Radia Bouterfas, Maria Soledad Goni Urriza, Abdel-Ilah Qatibi and Rémy Guyoneaud
Processes 2020, 8(10), 1284; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8101284 - 14 Oct 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4177
Abstract
Both molecular analyses and culture-dependent isolation were combined to investigate the diversity of sulfate-reducing prokaryotes and explore their role in sulfides production in full-scale anaerobic digesters (Marrakech, Morocco). At global scale, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria [...] Read more.
Both molecular analyses and culture-dependent isolation were combined to investigate the diversity of sulfate-reducing prokaryotes and explore their role in sulfides production in full-scale anaerobic digesters (Marrakech, Morocco). At global scale, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Synergistetes, and Euryarchaeota were the most dominant phyla. The abundance of Archaea (3.1–5.7%) was linked with temperature. The mcrA gene ranged from 2.18 × 105 to 1.47 × 107 gene copies.g−1 of sludge. The sulfate-reducing prokaryotes, representing 5% of total sequences, involved in sulfides production were Peptococcaceae, Syntrophaceae, Desulfobulbaceae, Desulfovibrionaceae, Syntrophobacteraceae, Desulfurellaceae, and Desulfobacteraceae. Furthermore, dsrB gene ranged from 2.18 × 105 to 1.92 × 107 gene copies.g−1 of sludge. The results revealed that exploration of diversity and function of sulfate-reducing bacteria may play a key role in decreasing sulfide production, an undesirable by-product, during anaerobic digestion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Microorganisms in Wastewater Treatment)
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10 pages, 258 KiB  
Article
Physicochemical Characterization of Home-Made Soap from Waste-Used Frying Oils
by Bojan Antonić, Dani Dordević, Simona Jančíková, Bohuslava Tremlova and Ivan Kushkevych
Processes 2020, 8(10), 1219; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8101219 - 30 Sep 2020
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 12976
Abstract
The study aimed to describe the utilization of waste frying oils, originated mainly from households, in home-made soap production and to emphasize the advantages of soap biodegradation in comparison to biological treatment of oils. The physicochemical analyses of soaps were used to check [...] Read more.
The study aimed to describe the utilization of waste frying oils, originated mainly from households, in home-made soap production and to emphasize the advantages of soap biodegradation in comparison to biological treatment of oils. The physicochemical analyses of soaps were used to check the differences between the samples made of fresh and fried oils. Significant (p < 0.05) difference between the soaps made of fresh/fried olive oil pair was obtained, while the rapeseed sample pair did not differ significantly (p < 0.05). Malondialdehyde (MDA) exhibited notable differences with an increase from 1.94 μg/g to 2.33 μg/g for olive oil fresh/fried pair and from 3.43 μg/g to 4.10 μg/g for rapeseed–palm oil fresh/fried pair. The studies addressing the soap biodegradation process revealed that soaps are degrading up to four times faster than oils in waste processing plants. Literature data showed the syntrophic ways of soap degradation and degradation solely done by sulfate-reducing bacteria. Obtained results, same as literature data, indicated that soaps produced from fried plant oils represent acceptable products from the economic and environmental point of view. Soap production can be considered one of the possible ways toward reduction of waste oil disposal. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Microorganisms in Wastewater Treatment)
20 pages, 2464 KiB  
Article
Tetracycline Induces the Formation of Biofilm of Bacteria from Different Phases of Wastewater Treatment
by Tereza Stachurová, Kateřina Malachová, Jaroslav Semerád, Meta Sterniša, Zuzana Rybková and Sonja Smole Možina
Processes 2020, 8(8), 989; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8080989 - 14 Aug 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4421
Abstract
The study monitored the effect of tetracycline on bacterial biofilm formation and compared biofilm formation by resistant bacterial strains in different phases of the wastewater treatment process in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The crystal violet staining method was used to evaluate the biofilm [...] Read more.
The study monitored the effect of tetracycline on bacterial biofilm formation and compared biofilm formation by resistant bacterial strains in different phases of the wastewater treatment process in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The crystal violet staining method was used to evaluate the biofilm formation. Biofilm-related bacterial properties were characterized by hydrophobicity, autoaggregation and motility tests. The relative abundance of tetracycline resistance genes (tetW, tetM, tetO, tetA and tetB) in wastewaters were subsequently quantified using qPCR. The results show that the isolates from the nitrification tank produce biofilm with up to 10 times greater intensity relative to the isolates from the sedimentation tank. In isolates of Aeromonas sp. from the nitrification tank, increased biofilm production in the occurrence of tetracycline from a concentration of 0.03125 µg/mL was observed. The tetW gene showed the highest relative abundance out of all the tested genes. From the sampling points, its abundance was the highest in the sedimentation tank of the WWTP. Based on these results, it can be assumed that resistant bacteria are able to form a biofilm and sub-inhibitory tetracycline concentrations induce biofilm formation. WWTPs thus represent a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes and contribute to the spread of resistance in the natural environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Microorganisms in Wastewater Treatment)
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12 pages, 1356 KiB  
Article
Methanogens Diversity during Anaerobic Sewage Sludge Stabilization and the Effect of Temperature
by Tomáš Vítěz, David Novák, Jan Lochman and Monika Vítězová
Processes 2020, 8(7), 822; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8070822 - 12 Jul 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3275
Abstract
Anaerobic sludge stabilization is a commonly used technology. Most fermenters are operated at a mesophilic temperature regime. Modern trends in waste management aim to minimize waste generation. One of the strategies can be achieved by anaerobically stabilizing the sludge by raising the temperature. [...] Read more.
Anaerobic sludge stabilization is a commonly used technology. Most fermenters are operated at a mesophilic temperature regime. Modern trends in waste management aim to minimize waste generation. One of the strategies can be achieved by anaerobically stabilizing the sludge by raising the temperature. Higher temperatures will allow faster decomposition of organic matter, shortening the retention time, and increasing biogas production. This work is focused on the description of changes in the community of methanogenic microorganisms at different temperatures during the sludge stabilization. At higher temperatures, biogas contained a higher percentage of methane, however, there was an undesirable accumulation of ammonia in the fermenter. Representatives of the hydrogenotrophic genus Methanoliea were described at all temperatures tested. At temperatures up to 50 °C, a significant proportion of methanogens were also formed by acetoclastic representatives of Methanosaeta sp. and acetoclastic representatives of the order Methanosarcinales. The composition of methanogens in the fermenter significantly changed at 60 °C when typically thermophilic species, like Methanothermobacter marburgensis, appeared. A decrease in the diversity of methanogens was observed, and typical hydrogenotrophic methanogenic archaea isolated from fermenters of biogas plants and anaerobic wastewater treatment plants represented by genus Methanoculleus were no longer present. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Microorganisms in Wastewater Treatment)
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12 pages, 3428 KiB  
Article
Activated Sludge Respiration Activity Inhibition Caused by Mobile Toilet Chemicals
by Tomáš Vítěz, Monika Vítězová, Markéta Nováčková and Ivan Kushkevych
Processes 2020, 8(5), 598; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8050598 - 17 May 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3610
Abstract
Ensuring high quality drinking water sources is important task nowadays. To reach this task, knowledge about the impact of different chemicals on aerobic wastewater treatment is mandatory. A mixture of different chemicals reaches wastewater treatment plant every day. With the growing discharge volume [...] Read more.
Ensuring high quality drinking water sources is important task nowadays. To reach this task, knowledge about the impact of different chemicals on aerobic wastewater treatment is mandatory. A mixture of different chemicals reaches wastewater treatment plant every day. With the growing discharge volume of mobile toilet chemicals, active substances in these products in the past years have been recorded. The respiratory activity of activated sludge was determined to show how mobile toilet chemicals and their active substances may affect the biological wastewater treatment process. The results show negative effect of formaldehyde and bronopol on respiratory activity of activated sludge. The wastewater treatment plants influent composition and size also play important roles. Results shows that activated sludge microorganisms at a wastewater treatment plant in industrial urban area may be adapted to the higher pollutants concentration. When mobile toilet tanks are directly discharged at smaller wastewater treatment plant, an activated sludge process can be affected. For treating mobile toilet wastewater, bacterial degraders can be used. During our respiratory activity experiments, potential degraders were searched. Ralstonia sp. prevails in all samples and it is therefore a potential mobile toilet chemicals degrader. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Microorganisms in Wastewater Treatment)
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