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Processes
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Sustainable Microgrid Systems: Technologies, Applications and Trends
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Sustainable Microgrid Systems: Technologies, Applications and Trends

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 January 2024) | Viewed by 8942

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Mahmoud Abdallah Attia

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Electrical Power & Machines Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Abdo Basha Square, Abbassia, 11517 Cairo, Egypt
Interests: the applications of artificial intelligence; evolutionary and heuristic optimization techniques to power system operation; planning; and control
Prof. Dr. Almoataz Youssef Abdelaziz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Electrical Power & Machines Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11517, Egypt
Interests: artificial intelligence; evolutionary and heuristic optimization algorithms; power systems operation, planning, and control
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Microgrids are being researched more and more as a possible method of overcoming the limitations of access to energy. Because of their numerous benefits relating to flexibility, efficiency, and reliability, these microgrids may hold the key to ensuring universal access to energy. A novel idea to deliver a dependable power supply for future electricity grids is a sustainable microgrid that is mainly supplied by renewable energy sources. The components of a sustainable microgrid system are renewable energy systems and storage units that are all connected to the main grid. Moreover, the environmental risk posed by carbon emissions and the reliance on fossil fuels can both be reduced by using renewable energy sources. Additionally, it can improve the microgrid's dynamic behavior and reliability.

This Special Issue on "Sustainable Microgrid Systems: Technologies, Applications, and Trends" seeks to investigate the sustainable microgrid, implement smart control strategies to improve microgrid performance, and assist renewable energy systems in operating in both grid-connected and islanding modes. Moreover, detect and mitigate new risks like cyber-attacks. Topics include, but are not limited to:

  • Enhancement of microgrid performance;
  • Future microgrid control strategies;
  • Cyber-attack detection and mitigation in microgrids;
  • Sustainable microgrid operation;
  • Optimization techniques to enhance microgrid operation;
  • Management of a sustainable microgrid.

Dr. Mahmoud Abdallah Attia
Prof. Dr. Almoataz Youssef Abdelaziz
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • microgrid operation
  • seamless control in microgrids
  • cyber-attack detection in microgrids
  • cyber-attack mitigation in microgrids
  • optimization techniques for microgrid systems
  • microgrid sustainability
  • sustainable energy management in a microgrid
  • sustainable microgrids evaluation and analysis
  • design of sustainable microgrids
  • integration of distributed energy resources in a microgrid

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 4563 KiB  
Article
Automatic Electrical System Fault Diagnosis Using a Fuzzy Inference System and Wavelet Transform
by Yong Zhang, Guangjun He and Guangjian Li
Processes 2023, 11(8), 2231; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11082231 - 25 Jul 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 940
Abstract
Electrical systems consist of varied components that are used for power distribution, supply, and transfer. During transmission, component failures occur as a result of signal interruptions and peak utilization. Therefore, fault diagnosis should be performed to prevent fluctuations in the power distribution. This [...] Read more.
Electrical systems consist of varied components that are used for power distribution, supply, and transfer. During transmission, component failures occur as a result of signal interruptions and peak utilization. Therefore, fault diagnosis should be performed to prevent fluctuations in the power distribution. This article proposes a fluctuation-reducing fault diagnosis method (FRFDM) for use in power distribution networks. The designed method employs fuzzy linear inferences to identify fluctuations in electrical signals that occur due to peak load demand and signal interruptions. The fuzzy process identifies the fluctuations in electrical signals that occur during distribution intervals. The linear relationship between two peak wavelets throughout the intervals are verified across successive distribution phases. In this paper, non-recurrent validation for these fluctuations is considered based on the limits found between the power drop and failure. This modification is used for preventing surge-based faults due to external signals. The inference process hinders the distribution of new devices and re-assigns them based on availability and the peak load experienced. Therefore, the device from which the inference outputs are taken is non-linear, and the frequently employed wavelet transforms are recommended for replacement or diagnosis. This method improves the fault detection process and ensures minimal distribution failures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Microgrid Systems: Technologies, Applications and Trends)
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22 pages, 9945 KiB  
Article
A Novel Ultra Local Based-Fuzzy PIDF Controller for Frequency Regulation of a Hybrid Microgrid System with High Renewable Energy Penetration and Storage Devices
by Ahmed H. Yakout, Kareem M. AboRas, Hossam Kotb, Mohammed Alharbi, Mokhtar Shouran and Bdereddin Abdul Samad
Processes 2023, 11(4), 1093; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11041093 - 4 Apr 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1716
Abstract
A new ultra-local control (ULC) model and two marine predator algorithm (MPA)-based controllers; MPA-based proportional-integral-derivative with filter (PIDF) and MPA-based Fuzzy PIDF (FPIDF) controllers; are combined to enhance the frequency response of a hybrid microgrid system. The input scaling factors, boundaries of membership [...] Read more.
A new ultra-local control (ULC) model and two marine predator algorithm (MPA)-based controllers; MPA-based proportional-integral-derivative with filter (PIDF) and MPA-based Fuzzy PIDF (FPIDF) controllers; are combined to enhance the frequency response of a hybrid microgrid system. The input scaling factors, boundaries of membership functions, and gains of the FPIDF con-troller are all optimized using the MPA. In order to further enhance the frequency response, the alpha parameter of the proposed ULC model is optimized using MPA. The performance of the pro-posed controller is evaluated in the microgrid system with different renewable energy sources and energy storage devices. Furthermore, a comparison of the proposed MPA-based ULC-PIDF and ULC-FPIDF controllers against the previously designed controllers is presented. Moreover, a vari-ety of scenarios are studied to determine the proposed controller’s sensitivity and robustness to changes in wind speed, step loads, solar irradiance, and system parameter changes. The results of time-domain simulations performed in MATLAB/SIMULINK are shown. Finally, the results demonstrate that under all examined conditions, the new ULC-based controllers tend to further enhance the hybrid microgrid system’s frequency time response. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Microgrid Systems: Technologies, Applications and Trends)
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24 pages, 7501 KiB  
Article
A Resilience-Oriented Bidirectional ANFIS Framework for Networked Microgrid Management
by Muhammad Zeshan Afzal, Muhammad Aurangzeb, Sheeraz Iqbal, Atiq ur Rehman, Hossam Kotb, Kareem M. AboRas, Elmazeg Elgamli and Mokhtar Shouran
Processes 2022, 10(12), 2724; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10122724 - 16 Dec 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2326
Abstract
This study implemented a bidirectional artificial neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to solve the problem of system resilience in synchronized and islanded grid mode/operation (during normal operation and in the event of a catastrophic disaster, respectively). Included in this setup are photovoltaics, wind turbines, [...] Read more.
This study implemented a bidirectional artificial neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to solve the problem of system resilience in synchronized and islanded grid mode/operation (during normal operation and in the event of a catastrophic disaster, respectively). Included in this setup are photovoltaics, wind turbines, batteries, and smart load management. Solar panels, wind turbines, and battery-charging supercapacitors are just a few of the sustainable energy sources ANFIS coordinates. The first step in the process was the development of a mode-specific control algorithm to address the system’s current behavior. Relative ANFIS will take over to greatly boost resilience during times of crisis, power savings, and routine operations. A bidirectional converter connects the battery in order to keep the DC link stable and allow energy displacement due to changes in generation and consumption. When combined with the ANFIS algorithm, PV can be used to meet precise power needs. This means it can safeguard the battery from extreme conditions such as overcharging or discharging. The wind system is optimized for an island environment and will perform as designed. The efficiency of the system and the life of the batteries both improve. Improvements to the inverter’s functionality can be attributed to the use of synchronous reference frame transformation for control. Based on the available solar power, wind power, and system state of charge (SOC), the anticipated fuzzy rule-based ANFIS will take over. Furthermore, the synchronized grid was compared to ANFIS. The study uses MATLAB/Simulink to demonstrate the robustness of the system under test. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Microgrid Systems: Technologies, Applications and Trends)
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16 pages, 2797 KiB  
Article
The Mixture of Probability Distribution Functions for Wind and Photovoltaic Power Systems Using a Metaheuristic Method
by Amr Khaled Khamees, Almoataz Y. Abdelaziz, Makram R. Eskaros, Mahmoud A. Attia and Ahmed O. Badr
Processes 2022, 10(11), 2446; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10112446 - 18 Nov 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1468
Abstract
The rising use of renewable energy sources, particularly those that are weather-dependent like wind and solar energy, has increased the uncertainty of supply in these power systems. In order to obtain considerably more accurate results in the analysis of power systems, such as [...] Read more.
The rising use of renewable energy sources, particularly those that are weather-dependent like wind and solar energy, has increased the uncertainty of supply in these power systems. In order to obtain considerably more accurate results in the analysis of power systems, such as in the planning and operation, it is necessary to tackle the stochastic nature of these sources. Operators require adequate techniques and procedures to mitigate the negative consequences of the stochastic behavior of renewable energy generators. Thus, this paper presents a modification of the original probability distribution functions (PDFs) where the original PDFs are insufficient for wind speed and solar irradiance modeling because they have a significant error between the real data frequency distribution and the estimated distribution curve. This modification is using a mixture of probability distributions, which can improve the fitting of data and reduce this error. The main aim of this paper is to model wind speed and solar irradiance behaviors using a two-component and a three-component mixture of PDFs generated from the integration of the original Weibull, Lognormal, Gamma, and Inverse-Gaussian PDFs. Three statistical errors are used to test the efficiency of the proposed original and mixture PDFs, which are the root mean square error (RMSE), the coefficient of correlation (R2), and the Chi-square error (X2). The results show that the mixture of PDFs gives better fitting criteria for wind speed and solar irradiance frequency distributions than the original PDFs. The parameters of the original and the mixture of PDFs are calculated using the innovative metaheuristic Mayfly algorithm (MA). The three-component mixture of PDFs lowered the RMSE by about 73% and was 17% more than the best original and the two-component mixture distributions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Microgrid Systems: Technologies, Applications and Trends)
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19 pages, 36163 KiB  
Article
Improving the Frequency Response of Hybrid Microgrid under Renewable Sources’ Uncertainties Using a Robust LFC-Based African Vulture Optimization Algorithm
by Ahmed Hossam-Eldin, Hamada Mostafa, Hossam Kotb, Kareem M. AboRas, Ali Selim and Salah Kamel
Processes 2022, 10(11), 2320; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10112320 - 8 Nov 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1551
Abstract
Power systems have recently faced significant challenges due to the increased penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) such as frequency deviation due to fluctuations, unpredictable nature, and uncertainty of this RES. In this paper, a cascaded controller called (1+PD)-PID is proposed to reduce [...] Read more.
Power systems have recently faced significant challenges due to the increased penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) such as frequency deviation due to fluctuations, unpredictable nature, and uncertainty of this RES. In this paper, a cascaded controller called (1+PD)-PID is proposed to reduce the influence of RES uncertainties on the system and to maintain the system’s reliability during fluctuations. The proposed controller is a combination of (1+PD) and PID controllers in order. The output signal of the (1+PD) controller along with the frequency deviation and the power difference between adjacent areas are used as inputs to the PID controller to create the load reference signal. The parameters of the suggested controller are optimally tuned using the African Vulture Optimization Algorithm (AVOA) to ensure the best performance of the controller. A two-area interconnected system with non-reheat thermal power units combined with RES such as solar and wind energy is modeled using MATLAB/Simulink to evaluate the system response. The controller effectiveness is verified by subjecting the studied system to various types of fluctuations such as step load disturbance, variable load perturbation and RES penetration. The obtained simulation results prove that the proposed (1+PD)-PID controller in integration with AVOA offers a significant improvement in the system performance specifications. Moreover, the proposed AVOA-based (1+PD)-PID controller has proven its superiority over other comparable controllers having the least fitness function of 6.01 × 10−5. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Microgrid Systems: Technologies, Applications and Trends)
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