Renewables Integration and Hybrid System Modelling

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2026 | Viewed by 1275

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
School of Computing, Engineering and Technology, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK
Interests: power system analysis; renewable energy generation and grid integration; smart grids; renewable hydrogen generation; hydrogen storage; fuel cells; hybrid renewable–hydrogen energy systems; energy management; clean energy technologies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Green energy transition refers to producing energy from renewable and sustainable sources. Countries are currently initiating the increased integration of such sources; however, given their intermittent nature, energy storage becomes crucial to avoid the risk of grid imbalance and the dumping or curtailing of surplus clean renewable energy during generation. Energy storage technologies vary widely, with hydrogen (H2) offering a promising storage medium for future energy systems. Stored H2 can be used in gas turbines or fuel cells to generate electricity during renewable source deficit and can also be used as fuel for heating, cooking, and transport or as industry feedstock, thus decarbonising these end uses.

This Special Issue, “Renewables Integration and Hybrid System Modelling”, will demonstrate the novel approaches to the design, optimal sizing, and energy management of hybrid energy systems when applied to different end uses. Research approaches should use modelling and optimization tools to design hybrid energy systems or use cost and life-cycle analysis techniques to assess their viability.

Topics may include, but are not limited to, methods and/or applications in the following areas:

  1. Integrated energy systems;
  2. Renewable power integration;
  3. Hybrid renewable energy systems;
  4. Hydrogen energy systems and fuel cell systems;
  5. Hybrid renewable–hydrogen energy systems;
  6. Cost and life-cycle analysis.

Dr. Dallia Ali
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • renewable generation
  • grid integration
  • hybrid renewable–hydrogen energy systems
  • optimal system design and sizing
  • hybrid system cost and life-cycle analysis

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 1874 KB  
Article
Research on Dual−Loop Model Predictive Control Based on Grid−Side Current for MMC−HVDC Systems in Wind Power
by Duanjiao Li, Yanjun Ma, Xinxin Chen, Junjun Zhang, Zhaoqing Hu, Dejun Ba, Lijun Hang and Xiaofeng Lyu
Processes 2026, 14(1), 57; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14010057 (registering DOI) - 23 Dec 2025
Abstract
This paper proposes a dual−loop model predictive control (MPC) scheme based on grid−side current for modular multilevel converter−based high−voltage direct current (MMC−HVDC) systems. The proposed hybrid control structure combines an MPC−based inner current loop with a PI−based outer voltage loop, designed to enhance [...] Read more.
This paper proposes a dual−loop model predictive control (MPC) scheme based on grid−side current for modular multilevel converter−based high−voltage direct current (MMC−HVDC) systems. The proposed hybrid control structure combines an MPC−based inner current loop with a PI−based outer voltage loop, designed to enhance dynamic response and steady−state accuracy in HVDC transmission. With the advancement of flexible HVDC technology, modular multilevel converters (MMCs) have been widely adopted due to their excellent scalability and operational flexibility. Model predictive control (MPC), as an advanced control strategy, has demonstrated significant advantages in MMC−HVDC applications. In this study, a dual−loop control system is designed, with MPC as the inner current loop and PI control as the outer voltage loop. This structure effectively enhances control accuracy and ensures system reliability. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, a 1000 MW wind power integration MMC−HVDC simulation model was built in Simulink. Simulation results show that the proposed dual−loop MPC strategy can significantly improve control precision and maintain the reliability of the MMC−HVDC system. The proposed strategy is validated through detailed simulations of a 1000 MW wind−integrated MMC−HVDC system, demonstrating superior performance over conventional PI control in terms of overshoot reduction and disturbance rejection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewables Integration and Hybrid System Modelling)

Review

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36 pages, 3333 KB  
Review
Assessing the Viability of Hydrogen-Based Wind Energy Conversion and Transmission Systems Versus the Existing Electrical-Based System—A Comprehensive Review
by Frances Amadhe and Dallia Ali
Processes 2025, 13(11), 3612; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13113612 - 7 Nov 2025
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Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive review of the viability of hydrogen as an energy carrier for offshore wind energy compared to existing electricity carrier systems. To enable a state-of-the-art system comparison, a review of wind-to-hydrogen energy conversion and transmission systems is conducted alongside [...] Read more.
This study presents a comprehensive review of the viability of hydrogen as an energy carrier for offshore wind energy compared to existing electricity carrier systems. To enable a state-of-the-art system comparison, a review of wind-to-hydrogen energy conversion and transmission systems is conducted alongside wind-to-electricity systems. The review reveals that the wind-to-hydrogen energy conversion and transmission system becomes more cost-effective than the wind-to-electricity conversion and transmission system for offshore wind farms located far from the shore. Electrical transmission systems face increasing technical and economic challenges relative to the hydrogen transmission system when the systems move farther offshore. This study also explores the feasibility of using seawater for hydrogen production to conserve freshwater resources. It was found that while this approach conserves freshwater and can reduce transportation costs, it increases overall system costs due to challenges such as membrane fouling in desalination units. Findings indicated that for this approach to be sustainable, proper management of these challenges and responsible handling of saline waste are essential. For hydrogen energy transmission, this paper further explores the potential of repurposing existing oil and gas pipeline infrastructure instead of constructing new pipelines. Findings indicated that, with proper retrofitting, the existing natural gas pipelines could provide a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable solution for hydrogen transport in the near future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewables Integration and Hybrid System Modelling)
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