Nutrients

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22 pages, 3549 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Different Effects of Low Selenite and Selenium-Nanoparticle Supplementation on Adipose Tissue Function and Insulin Secretion in Adolescent Male Rats

by María Luisa Ojeda, Fátima Nogales, Olimpia Carreras, Eloísa Pajuelo, María del Carmen Gallego-López, Inés Romero-Herrera, Belén Begines, Jorge Moreno-Fernández, Javier Díaz-Castro and Ana Alcudia

Nutrients 2022, 14(17), 3571; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14173571 - 30 Aug 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2618

Abstract

Adolescence is a period of intense growth and endocrine changes, and obesity and insulin-resistance processes during this period have lately been rising. Selenium (Se) homeostasis is related to lipid metabolism depending on the form and dose of Se. This study tests the actions [...] Read more.

Adolescence is a period of intense growth and endocrine changes, and obesity and insulin-resistance processes during this period have lately been rising. Selenium (Se) homeostasis is related to lipid metabolism depending on the form and dose of Se. This study tests the actions of low-dose selenite and Se nanoparticles (SeNPs) on white (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) deposition, insulin secretion, and GPx1, IRS-1 and FOXO3a expression in the WAT of adolescent rats as regards oxidative stress, adipocyte length and adipokine secretion. Four groups of male adolescent rats were treated: control (C), low selenite supplementation (S), low SeNP supplementation (NS) and moderate SeNP supplementation (NSS). Supplementation was received orally through water intake; NS and NSS rats received two- and tenfold more Se than C animals, respectively. SeNPs were obtained by reducing Se tetrachloride in the presence of ascorbic acid. For the first time in vivo, it was demonstrated that low selenite supplementation contributed to increased adipogenesis via the insulin signaling pathway and LCN2 modulation, while low SeNP administration prevented fat depots in WAT via the decrease in insulin signaling and FOXO3a autophagy in WAT, lowering inflammation. These effects were independent of GPx1 expression or activity in WAT. These findings provide data for dietary approaches to prevent obesity and/or anorexia during adolescence. These findings may be relevant to future studies looking at a nutritional approach aimed at pre-venting obesity and/or anorexia in adolescence. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Minerals Metabolism and Human Health)

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11 pages, 345 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Total Iron Concentrations in Different Biological Matrices—Influence of Physical Training

by Francisco J. Grijota, Víctor Toro-Román, Jesús Siquier-Coll, María C Robles-Gil, Diego Muñoz and Marcos Maynar-Mariño

Nutrients 2022, 14(17), 3549; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14173549 - 28 Aug 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1657

Abstract

Iron (Fe) is one of the most widely studied trace mineral elements. Fe metabolism and homeostasis could be altered by physical training. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of long-term physical training on serum, plasma, urine (extracellular), erythrocyte and [...] Read more.

Iron (Fe) is one of the most widely studied trace mineral elements. Fe metabolism and homeostasis could be altered by physical training. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of long-term physical training on serum, plasma, urine (extracellular), erythrocyte and platelet (intracellular) Fe concentrations. Forty men from the same geographical area divided into a training group (TG; n = 20; 18.15 ± 0.27 years) and a control group (CG; n = 20; 19.25 ± 0.39 years) participated in this study. The TG was composed of soccer players of the highest youth category. The CG consisted of young people who did not follow any training routine and had not practiced any sport for at least the previous six months. The TG showed higher plasma and serum Fe concentrations (p < 0.05), but lower concentrations in erythrocytes and platelets compared to the CG (p < 0.01). Due to the differences observed in the extracellular and intracellular compartments, it seems necessary to perform a global Fe analysis to assess Fe status. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Minerals Metabolism and Human Health)

18 pages, 4383 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Phosphate Metabolic Inhibition Contributes to Irradiation-Induced Myelosuppression through Dampening Hematopoietic Stem Cell Survival

by Yiding Wu, Weinian Liao, Jun Chen, Chaonan Liu, Shuzhen Zhang, Kuan Yu, Xinmiao Wang, Mo Chen, Song Wang, Xinze Ran, Yongping Su, Tianmin Cheng, Junping Wang and Changhong Du

Nutrients 2022, 14(16), 3395; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14163395 - 18 Aug 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2424

Abstract

Myelosuppression is a common and intractable side effect of cancer therapies including radiotherapy and chemotherapy, while the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. Here, using a mouse model of radiotherapy-induced myelosuppression, we show that inorganic phosphate (Pi) metabolism is acutely inhibited in hematopoietic stem [...] Read more.

Myelosuppression is a common and intractable side effect of cancer therapies including radiotherapy and chemotherapy, while the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. Here, using a mouse model of radiotherapy-induced myelosuppression, we show that inorganic phosphate (Pi) metabolism is acutely inhibited in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) during irradiation-induced myelosuppression, and closely correlated with the severity and prognosis of myelosuppression. Mechanistically, the acute Pi metabolic inhibition in HSCs results from extrinsic Pi loss in the bone marrow niche and the intrinsic transcriptional suppression of soluble carrier family 20 member 1 (SLC20A1)-mediated Pi uptake by p53. Meanwhile, Pi metabolic inhibition blunts irradiation-induced Akt hyperactivation in HSCs, thereby weakening its ability to counteract p53-mediated Pi metabolic inhibition and the apoptosis of HSCs and consequently contributing to myelosuppression progression. Conversely, the modulation of the Pi metabolism in HSCs via a high Pi diet or renal Klotho deficiency protects against irradiation-induced myelosuppression. These findings reveal that Pi metabolism and HSC survival are causally linked by the Akt/p53–SLC20A1 axis during myelosuppression and provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis and management of myelosuppression. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Minerals Metabolism and Human Health)

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16 pages, 1082 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dietary Copper and Selenium Intakes and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Findings from the China Health and Nutrition Survey

by Zhixin Cui, Haiyan Zhou, Ke Liu, Man Wu, Shun Li, Shuangli Meng and Huicui Meng

Nutrients 2022, 14(10), 2055; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14102055 - 13 May 2022

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 2964

Abstract

The long-term associations between dietary copper (Cu) and selenium (Se) intakes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk are unclear. We aimed to examine the prospective associations between dietary Cu and Se intakes and T2DM risk in Chinese adults. A total of 14,711 [...] Read more.

The long-term associations between dietary copper (Cu) and selenium (Se) intakes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk are unclear. We aimed to examine the prospective associations between dietary Cu and Se intakes and T2DM risk in Chinese adults. A total of 14,711 adults from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1997–2015) were included. Nutrient intakes were assessed by 3 consecutive 24 h recalls and food-weighing methods. T2DM was identified by a validated questionnaire and laboratory examination. Cox regression models were used for statistical analysis. A total of 1040 T2DM cases were diagnosed during 147,142 person-years of follow-up. In fully adjusted models, dietary Cu or Se intake was not associated with T2DM risk. Dietary Se intake significantly modified the association between dietary Cu intake and T2DM risk, and dietary Cu intake was positively associated with T2DM risk when Se intake was lower than the median (p-interaction = 0.0292). There were no significant effect modifications on the associations by age, sex, BMI, or region. Although dietary Cu or Se intake was not independently associated with T2DM risk in Chinese adults free from cardiometabolic diseases and cancer at the baseline, there was a significant interaction between dietary Cu and Se intakes on T2DM risk. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Minerals Metabolism and Human Health)

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10 pages, 277 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Iron Bioavailability from Ferrous Ammonium Phosphate, Ferrous Sulfate, and Ferric Pyrophosphate in an Instant Milk Drink—A Stable Isotope Study in Children

by Richard F. Hurrell, Trinidad P. Trinidad, Aida C. Mallillin, Rosario S. Sagum, Jasmin Tajeri Foman, Qiaoji Li, Christophe Zeder, Peter Kastenmayer, Andreas Rytz, Magalie Sabatier and Ines Egli

Nutrients 2022, 14(8), 1640; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14081640 - 14 Apr 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2726

Abstract

Ferrous ammonium phosphate (FAP) is an iron salt that has been developed for the fortification of food matrices sensitive to color and flavor changes. The objective of the study was to measure iron absorption from FAP in young children and compare it to [...] Read more.

Ferrous ammonium phosphate (FAP) is an iron salt that has been developed for the fortification of food matrices sensitive to color and flavor changes. The objective of the study was to measure iron absorption from FAP in young children and compare it to a previous evaluation of FAP in young women. A double-blind randomized crossover study with two parallel arms was used to evaluate the iron absorption from FAP added to reconstituted milk powder in comparison to that from ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄) and ferric pyrophosphate (FePP). Iron absorption was measured in 39 children aged 3- to 6-years-old using erythrocyte incorporation of stable Fe isotopes (⁵⁷Fe, ⁵⁸Fe). The geometric mean iron absorption in iron replete children from FAP, FeSO₄ and FePP from milk was 8.3%, 7.6% and 2.1%, respectively. Iron absorption from FAP and FeSO₄ fortified milk was not significantly different (p = 0.199); however, it was significantly higher than from FePP fortified milk (p < 0.001). Iron bioavailability from FAP and FePP relative to FeSO₄ (relative bioavailability (RBV)) was 110% and 33%, respectively. The RBV of FAP (110%) in iron replete children was higher than previously reported RBV (71%) in mainly iron deficient women. The difference in iron status between the children and women in the respective studies may explain the different RBV values and is discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Minerals Metabolism and Human Health)

13 pages, 1127 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Identifying Effects of Urinary Metals on Type 2 Diabetes in U.S. Adults: Cross-Sectional Analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2016

by Jingli Yang, Kayue Chan, Cheukling Choi, Aimin Yang and Kenneth Lo

Nutrients 2022, 14(8), 1552; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14081552 - 8 Apr 2022

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2611

Abstract

Growing evidence supports the associations of metal exposures with risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the methodological limitations overlook the complexity of relationships within the metal mixtures. We identified and estimated the single and combined effects of urinary metals and their interactions [...] Read more.

Growing evidence supports the associations of metal exposures with risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the methodological limitations overlook the complexity of relationships within the metal mixtures. We identified and estimated the single and combined effects of urinary metals and their interactions with prevalence of T2D among 3078 participants in the NHANES 2011–2016. We analyzed 15 urinary metals and identified eight metals by elastic-net regression model for further analysis of the prevalence of T2D. Bayesian kernel machine regression and the weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression models identified four metals that had greater importance in T2D, namely cobalt (Co), tin (Sn), uranium (U) and strontium (Sr). The overall OR of T2D was 1.05 (95% CI: 1.01–1.08) for the positive effects and 1.00 (95% CI: 0.98–1.02) for the negative effect in the WQS models. We observed positive (P_overall = 0.008 and P_non-linear = 0.100 for Co, P_overall = 0.011 and P_non-linear = 0.138 for Sn) and inverse (P_overall = 0.001, P_non-linear = 0.209 for Sr) linear dose–response relationships with T2D by restricted cubic spline analysis. Both additive and multiplicative interactions were found in urinary Sn and Sr. In conclusion, urinary Co, Sn, U and Sr played important roles in the development of T2D. The levels of Sn might modify the effect of Sr on T2D risk. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Minerals Metabolism and Human Health)

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11 pages, 1225 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact on Glucose Homeostasis: Is Food Biofortified with Molybdenum a Workable Solution? A Two-Arm Study

by Sonya Vasto, Francesca Di Gaudio, Maria Raso, Leo Sabatino, Rosalia Caldarella, Claudio De Pasquale, Luigi Di Rosa and Sara Baldassano

Nutrients 2022, 14(7), 1351; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14071351 - 24 Mar 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3146

Abstract

Diabetes is expected to increase up to 700 million people worldwide with type 2 diabetes being the most frequent. The use of nutritional interventions is one of the most natural approaches for managing the disease. Minerals are of paramount importance in order to [...] Read more.

Diabetes is expected to increase up to 700 million people worldwide with type 2 diabetes being the most frequent. The use of nutritional interventions is one of the most natural approaches for managing the disease. Minerals are of paramount importance in order to preserve and obtain good health and among them molybdenum is an essential component. There are no studies about the consumption of biofortified food with molybdenum on glucose homeostasis but recent studies in humans suggest that molybdenum could exert hypoglycemic effects. The present study aims to assess if consumption of lettuce biofortified with molybdenum influences glucose homeostasis and whether the effects would be due to changes in gastrointestinal hormone levels and specifically Peptide YY (PYY), Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP-1), Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 (GLP-2), and Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide (GIP). A cohort of 24 people was supplemented with biofortified lettuce for 12 days. Blood and urine samples were obtained at baseline (T0) and after 12 days (T2) of supplementation. Blood was analyzed for glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, β-cell function, and insulin sensitivity, PYY, GLP-1, GLP-2 and GIP. Urine samples were tested for molybdenum concentration. The results showed that consumption of lettuce biofortified with molybdenum for 12 days did not affect beta cell function but significantly reduced fasting glucose, insulin, insulin resistance and increased insulin sensitivity in healthy people. Consumption of biofortified lettuce did not show any modification in urine concentration of molybdenum among the groups. These data suggest that consumption of lettuce biofortified with molybdenum improves glucose homeostasis and PYY and GIP are involved in the action mechanism. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Minerals Metabolism and Human Health)

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14 pages, 1836 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Trends in Urinary and Blood Cadmium Levels in U.S. Adults with or without Comorbidities, 1999–2018

by Jingli Yang, Kenneth Lo and Aimin Yang

Nutrients 2022, 14(4), 802; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14040802 - 14 Feb 2022

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2158

Abstract

Although cadmium (Cd) exposure has been declining in the United States (U.S.) over the years, the level of exposure for people with pre-existing comorbidities is unclear. This study characterized the trends of blood Cd levels (bCd) (n = 44,498) and urinary Cd [...] Read more.

Although cadmium (Cd) exposure has been declining in the United States (U.S.) over the years, the level of exposure for people with pre-existing comorbidities is unclear. This study characterized the trends of blood Cd levels (bCd) (n = 44,498) and urinary Cd levels (uCd) (n = 15,107) by pre-existing comorbidities among adults participating in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We calculated age- and sex-standardized annual geometric mean (GM) levels, and used aJoinpoint regression model to examine the trends over time. The GM levels of bCd declined from 1999–2000 to 2017–2018 survey cycles (from 0.49 to 0.33 μg/L), while women and current smokers had higher levels. Participants with comorbidities had higher bCd and declined over time: cardiovascular disease (CVD) (0.50 to 0.42 μg/L), hypertension (0.49 to 0.35 μg/L), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (0.54 to 0.37 μg), and cancer (0.57 to 0.38 μg) versus those without these comorbidities. We observed the similar pattern of changes for uCd and participants with CVD, CKD, and cancer had higher levels. To conclude, the trend in urinary and blood Cd levels in U.S adults decreased in the past 20 years, and the levels varied by sex, smoking status, and comorbidities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Minerals Metabolism and Human Health)

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12 pages, 1417 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Inverse Association of Plasma Molybdenum with Metabolic Syndrome in a Chinese Adult Population: A Case-Control Study

by Ben Li, Yue Huang, Cheng Luo, Xiaolin Peng, Yang Jiao, Li Zhou, Jiawei Yin and Liegang Liu

Nutrients 2021, 13(12), 4544; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124544 - 18 Dec 2021

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4330

Abstract

Molybdenum has been found to be associated with metabolic disorders. However, the relationship between molybdenum and metabolic syndrome (MetS) is still unclear. A large case-control study was conducted in a Chinese population from the baseline of Ezhou-Shenzhen cohort. A total of 5356 subjects [...] Read more.

Molybdenum has been found to be associated with metabolic disorders. However, the relationship between molybdenum and metabolic syndrome (MetS) is still unclear. A large case-control study was conducted in a Chinese population from the baseline of Ezhou-Shenzhen cohort. A total of 5356 subjects were included with 2678 MetS and 2678 controls matched by sex and age (±2 years). Medians (IQRs) of plasma molybdenum concentrations were 1.24 μg/L for MetS cases and 1.46 μg/L for controls. After adjustment for multiple covariates, the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for MetS were 1.00 (reference), 0.71 (0.59–0.84), 0.56 (0.46–0.68), and 0.47 (0.39–0.58) across quartiles of plasma molybdenum, and per SD increment of log-transformed molybdenum was associated with a 23% lower risk of MetS. In the spline analysis, the risk of MetS and its components decreased steeply with increasing molybdenum and followed by a plateau when the cutoff point was observed around 2.0 μg/L. The dose-dependent relationship of molybdenum with MetS remained consistent when considering other essential elements in the Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model. In our study, higher plasma molybdenum was significantly associated with a lower risk of MetS, as well as its components, in a dose-response manner. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Minerals Metabolism and Human Health)

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14 pages, 573 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association of Serum Magnesium with Blood Pressure in Patients with Hypertensive Crises: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

by IfeanyiChukwu O. Onor, Lashira M. Hill, Modupe M. Famodimu, Mallory R. Coleman, Carolkim H. Huynh, Robbie A. Beyl, Casey J. Payne, Emily K. Johnston, John I. Okogbaa, Christopher J. Gillard, Daniel F. Sarpong, Amne Borghol, Samuel C. Okpechi, Ifeyinwa Norbert, Shane E. Sanne and Shane G. Guillory

Nutrients 2021, 13(12), 4213; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124213 - 24 Nov 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3591

Abstract

The role of magnesium in blood pressure has been studied among hypertensive patients; however, there is a dearth of studies exploring the role of magnesium in hypertensive crises. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum magnesium and [...] Read more.

The role of magnesium in blood pressure has been studied among hypertensive patients; however, there is a dearth of studies exploring the role of magnesium in hypertensive crises. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum magnesium and blood pressure in patients with hypertensive crises. This was a single-center, retrospective, chart review, cross-sectional study of patients with hypertensive crises. Patients were included if they were eighteen years of age or older, with an international classification disease ninth revision (ICD-9) code of 401.9 (hypertensive crises: emergency or urgency) and a documented magnesium level on their electronic medical record. The primary outcome of the study was the correlation between serum magnesium and blood pressure (systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure) in patients with hypertensive crises. Two hundred and ninety-three patients were included in the study. The primary outcome result showed that serum magnesium was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.143, p = 0.014), but not diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion: This study found a significant positive association between magnesium and systolic blood pressure, but not diastolic blood pressure, among patients with hypertensive crises. This positive association of serum magnesium with systolic blood pressure was maintained after adjusting for covariates. This study’s findings suggest a potential role of magnesium in blood pressure among patients with hypertensive crises. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Minerals Metabolism and Human Health)

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8 pages, 454 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Multispecies Probiotics on Calcium and Magnesium Status in Healthy Male Rats

by Joanna Suliburska, Iskandar Azmy Harahap, Katarzyna Skrypnik and Paweł Bogdański

Nutrients 2021, 13(10), 3513; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13103513 - 6 Oct 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3342

Abstract

Although probiotics have been discovered in numerous diseases in the last decade, there is little consensus on the relationship between probiotic properties and minerals balance and their distribution in the organism. This research aimed to evaluate the calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) status [...] Read more.

Although probiotics have been discovered in numerous diseases in the last decade, there is little consensus on the relationship between probiotic properties and minerals balance and their distribution in the organism. This research aimed to evaluate the calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) status in rats on a diet containing multispecies probiotics. Thirty male 10-week-old Wistar rats were selected and divided into three groups (n = 10 rats)—a group fed a standard diet (C), a group fed a low-dose of multispecies probiotics with 2.5 × 10⁹ CFU per day (LD), and a group fed high-dose of multispecies probiotics 1 × 10¹⁰ CFU per day (HD) for 6 weeks. The results revealed that HD intake significantly increased the Ca concentration in hair and Mg concentration in femur bones. A significant positive correlation was found between calcium and magnesium levels in hair. The Ca/Mg molar ratio was lower in testicles in the groups with probiotics. In conclusion, multispecies probiotics altered the Ca concentration in hair and Mg level in femur bone, and also changed the molar ratio of these elements in testicles in male rats. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Minerals Metabolism and Human Health)

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11 pages, 656 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Positive Association between Endothelium–Platelet Microparticles and Urinary Concentration of Lead and Cadmium in Adolescents and Young Adults

by Chih-Kuo Lee, Charlene Wu, Chien-Yu Lin, Po-Chin Huang, Fung-Chang Sung and Ta-Chen Su

Nutrients 2021, 13(9), 2913; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13092913 - 24 Aug 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2524

Abstract

(1) Background: In previous research, higher levels of urine heavy metals, especially lead and cadmium, have been associated with increased cardiovascular risk. However, there is no information linking exposure to heavy metal to endothelial and platelet microparticles (EMPs and PMPs), particularly in the [...] Read more.

(1) Background: In previous research, higher levels of urine heavy metals, especially lead and cadmium, have been associated with increased cardiovascular risk. However, there is no information linking exposure to heavy metal to endothelial and platelet microparticles (EMPs and PMPs), particularly in the younger population, which are novel biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction. (2) Methods: From a nationwide database, which was incepted in 1992–2000, screening for renal health among Taiwanese school children, a total of 789 subjects were recruited. Cross-sectional analysis was performed to evaluate the association between serum EMPs/PMPs and urine iron, nickel, copper, cadmium, lead, chromium, manganese, and zinc levels in the adolescent and young adult population. (3) Results: After we adjusted the conventional cardiovascular risk factors, CD31+/CD42a− and CD31+/CD42a+ counts, in subjects’ serum, respective markers of EMP and PMP displayed a significant positive dose-response relationship with urinary lead and cadmium levels. Higher quartiles of urine lead and cadmium levels were associated with an increased risk of higher EMPs/PMPs (≥75th percentile) in a multivariate logistic regression model. (4) Conclusion: Higher urinary lead and cadmium concentrations are strongly associated with endothelium–platelet microparticles in this adolescent and young adult population, which could help explain, in part, the mechanism through which heavy metal exposure results in cardiotoxicity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Minerals Metabolism and Human Health)

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14 pages, 10768 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A New Disease Concept in the Age of Processed Foods—Phosphorus-Burden Disease; including CKD–MBD Concrete Analysis and the Way to Solution

by Keizo Nishime, Noriko Sugiyama and Koichi Okada

Nutrients 2021, 13(8), 2874; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13082874 - 21 Aug 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3086

Abstract

In 2012, the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy (JSDT) established the order of correction of P, corrected Ca (cCa), and whole PTH (w-PTH) in the treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease-Metabolic Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD) as P-first. However, there is no report that analyzes whether [...] Read more.

In 2012, the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy (JSDT) established the order of correction of P, corrected Ca (cCa), and whole PTH (w-PTH) in the treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease-Metabolic Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD) as P-first. However, there is no report that analyzes whether this rule is in line with reality and what the adequate rate of P is. Therefore, we analyzed the test values of our 48 patients during the year of 2019 and examined the validity of the results. The results showed that the adequate range rates were 70.8% for P, 100% for cCa, and 89.6% for w-PTH. This result is better than the JSDT Web-based Analysis of Dialysis Data Archives (WADDA) P adequacy rate of 66.2%. Although the guideline is P-first, it is often the case that we cannot reach the adequate level; therefore, healthcare professionals and patients often blame each other. We believe that this is due to the mismatch between the modern era of processed foods covered with P additives and treatment methods (P intake restriction and P-binders). The development of processed foods with P additives has brought light and darkness to mankind. The light side is freedom from starvation, and the dark side is a new condition caused by P burden: P burden disease including CKD-MBD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Minerals Metabolism and Human Health)

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Review

Jump to: Research

21 pages, 1146 KiB

Open AccessReview

Interrelationship between Vitamin D and Calcium in Obesity and Its Comorbid Conditions

by Iskandar Azmy Harahap, Jean-François Landrier and Joanna Suliburska

Nutrients 2022, 14(15), 3187; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14153187 - 3 Aug 2022

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3988

Abstract

Obesity has been linked to vitamin D (VD) deficiency and low calcium (CAL) status. In the last decade, dietary supplementation of vitamin D and calcium (VD–CAL) have been extensively studied in animal experiments and human studies. However, the physiological mechanisms remain unknown as [...] Read more.

Obesity has been linked to vitamin D (VD) deficiency and low calcium (CAL) status. In the last decade, dietary supplementation of vitamin D and calcium (VD–CAL) have been extensively studied in animal experiments and human studies. However, the physiological mechanisms remain unknown as to whether the VD–CAL axis improves homeostasis and reduces biomarkers in regulating obesity and other metabolic diseases directly or indirectly. This review sought to investigate their connections. This topic was examined in scientific databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed from 2011 to 2021, and 87 articles were generated for interpretation. Mechanistically, VD–CAL regulates from the organs to the blood, influencing insulin, lipids, hormone, cell, and inflammatory functions in obesity and its comorbidities, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Nevertheless, previous research has not consistently shown that simultaneous VD–CAL supplementation affects weight loss or reduces fat content. This discrepancy may be influenced by population age and diversity, ethnicity, and geographical location, and also by degree of obesity and applied doses. Therefore, a larger prospective cohort and randomised trials are needed to determine the exact role of VD–CAL and their interrelationship. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Minerals Metabolism and Human Health)

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10 pages, 517 KiB

Open AccessReview

Manganese Exposure and Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Martin Ming Him Wong, Kwan Yi Chan and Kenneth Lo

Nutrients 2022, 14(4), 825; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14040825 - 16 Feb 2022

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 3384

Abstract

Manganese (Mn) is an essential element acting as a co-factor of superoxide dismutase, and it is potentially beneficial for cardiometabolic health by reducing oxidative stress. Although some studies have examined the relationship between Mn and metabolic syndrome (MetS), no systematic review and meta-analysis [...] Read more.

Manganese (Mn) is an essential element acting as a co-factor of superoxide dismutase, and it is potentially beneficial for cardiometabolic health by reducing oxidative stress. Although some studies have examined the relationship between Mn and metabolic syndrome (MetS), no systematic review and meta-analysis has been presented to summarize the evidence. Therefore, the present review examined the association between dietary and environmental Mn exposure, and MetS risk. A total of nine cross-sectional studies and three case-control studies were included, which assessed Mn from diet, serum, urine, and whole blood. The association of the highest Mn level from diet (three studies, odds ratio (OR): 0.83, 95% confidence interval (C.I.) = 0.57, 1.21), serum (two studies, OR: 0.87, 95% C.I. = 0.66, 1.14), urine (two studies, OR: 0.84, 95% C.I. = 0.59, 1.19), and whole blood (two studies, OR: 0.92, 95% C.I. = 0.53, 1.60) were insignificant, but some included studies have suggested a non-linear relationship of urinary and blood Mn with MetS, and higher dietary Mn may associate with a lower MetS risk in some of the included studies. While more evidence from prospective cohorts is needed, future studies should use novel statistical approaches to evaluate relative contribution of Mn on MetS risk along with other inter-related exposures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Minerals Metabolism and Human Health)

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11 pages, 2293 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Impact of Selenium Supplementation on Trauma Patients—Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Jen-Fu Huang, Chih-Po Hsu, Chun-Hsiang Ouyang, Chi-Tung Cheng, Chia-Cheng Wang, Chien-Hung Liao, Yu-Tung Wu and Chi-Hsun Hsieh

Nutrients 2022, 14(2), 342; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14020342 - 14 Jan 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2814

Abstract

This study aimed to assess current evidence regarding the effect of selenium (Se) supplementation on the prognosis in patients sustaining trauma. MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched with the following terms: “trace element”, “selenium”, “copper”, “zinc”, “injury”, and “trauma”. Seven [...] Read more.

This study aimed to assess current evidence regarding the effect of selenium (Se) supplementation on the prognosis in patients sustaining trauma. MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched with the following terms: “trace element”, “selenium”, “copper”, “zinc”, “injury”, and “trauma”. Seven studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that Se supplementation was associated with a lower mortality rate (OR 0.733, 95% CI: 0.586, 0.918, p = 0.007; heterogeneity, I² = 0%). Regarding the incidence of infectious complications, there was no statistically significant benefit after analyzing the four studies (OR 0.942, 95% CI: 0.695, 1.277, p = 0.702; heterogeneity, I² = 14.343%). The patients with Se supplementation had a reduced ICU length of stay (standard difference in means (SMD): −0.324, 95% CI: −0.382, −0.265, p < 0.001; heterogeneity, I² = 0%) and lesser hospital length of stay (SMD: −0.243, 95% CI: −0.474, −0.012, p < 0.001; heterogeneity, I² = 45.496%). Se supplementation after trauma confers positive effects in decreasing the mortality and length of ICU and hospital stay. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Minerals Metabolism and Human Health)

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