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Nutrients
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New Insights into Individualized and Personalized Nutrition in Infancy
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New Insights into Individualized and Personalized Nutrition in Infancy

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2022) | Viewed by 21346

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Christoph Fusch

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pediatrics, Nuremberg General Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University Nuremberg, 90471 Nuremberg, Germany
Interests: enteral and parenteral nutrition; growth and body composition; individualized and personalized nutrition; human milk science; human milk analysing; brain development; long-term effect of neonatal nutrition
Dr. Christoph Binder

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
Interests: individualized and personalized nutrition; growth and body composition; human milk science; human milk analyzing; targeted fortification; enteral and parenteral nutrition; neurodevelopment

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Individualized and personalized nutrition holds tremendous potential to improve infants’ health. The purpose of this Special Issue “New Insights into Individualized and Personalized Nutrition in Infancy” is to explore new therapeutic strategies and technologies in the field of individualized and personalized nutrition in infancy. Personalized and individualized nutrition is a multidisciplinary field that includes science on nutritional data, professional education and training programs, and clinical guidance and therapeutics to optimize infants’ health. The major goal of individualized nutrition is to improve infants’ health using genetic, phenotypic, medical, and nutritional information and data.  

This Special Issue seeks to bring together the latest research in the field of “Individualized and Personalized Nutrition in Infancy” and we will welcome all reviews, research papers, and experimental and empirical research.

Prof. Dr. Christoph Fusch
Dr. Christoph Binder
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • individualized and personalized nutrition
  • precision medicine
  • nutrigenetics/ nutrigenomics
  • gut microbiome
  • proteomics
  • metabolomics
  • human milk science
  • human milk analyzing
  • targeted fortification
  • nutrition in critical ill patients and chronic diseases
  • nutritional training and education programs
  • nutritional protocols
  • enteral and parenteral nutrition
  • brain development
  • long-term effect of neonatal nutrition
  • growth and body composition
  • gender nutrition

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 460 KiB  
Article
Effects of Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) on Growth and Body Composition Compared to Constitutionally Small Infants
by Elisabeth Calek, Julia Binder, Pilar Palmrich, Felix Eibensteiner, Alexandra Thajer, Theresa Kainz, Karin Harreiter, Angelika Berger and Christoph Binder
Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4158; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194158 - 26 Sep 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 5699
Abstract
(1) Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with multiple morbidities including growth restriction and impaired neurodevelopment. Small for gestational age (SGA) is defined as a birth weight <10th percentile, regardless of the etiology. The term is commonly used as a proxy for IUGR, [...] Read more.
(1) Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with multiple morbidities including growth restriction and impaired neurodevelopment. Small for gestational age (SGA) is defined as a birth weight <10th percentile, regardless of the etiology. The term is commonly used as a proxy for IUGR, but it may represent a healthy constitutionally small infant. Differentiating between IUGR and constitutionally small infants is essential for the nutritional management. (2) Infants born at <37 weeks of gestation between 2017 and 2022, who underwent body composition measurement (FFM: fat-free mass; FM: fat mass) at term-equivalent age, were included in this study. Infants with IUGR and constitutionally small infants (SGA) were compared to infants appropriate for gestational age (AGA). (3) A total of 300 infants (AGA: n = 249; IUGR: n = 40; SGA: n = 11) were analyzed. FFM (p < 0.001) and weight growth velocity (p = 0.022) were significantly lower in IUGR compared to AGA infants, but equal in SGA and AGA infants. FM was not significantly different between all groups. (4) The FFM Z-score was significantly lower in IUGR compared to AGA infants (p = 0.017). Being born constitutionally small compared to AGA had no impact on growth and body composition. These data showed that early aggressive nutritional management is essential in IUGR infants to avoid impaired growth and loss of FFM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Individualized and Personalized Nutrition in Infancy)
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10 pages, 282 KiB  
Article
The Impacts of Single Preterm Human Donor Milk Compared to Mother’s Own Milk on Growth and Body Composition
by Alexandra Thajer, Esther Teunissen, Theresa Kainz, Elisabeth Calek, Karin Harreiter, Angelika Berger and Christoph Binder
Nutrients 2023, 15(7), 1578; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15071578 - 24 Mar 2023
Viewed by 2452
Abstract
(1) If mother´s own milk (MOM) is not available, pooled term human donor milk (HDM) is commonly used. Compared to MOM, term HDM contains less protein and fat and is associated with impaired growth. HDM from mothers of preterm infants is an alternative [...] Read more.
(1) If mother´s own milk (MOM) is not available, pooled term human donor milk (HDM) is commonly used. Compared to MOM, term HDM contains less protein and fat and is associated with impaired growth. HDM from mothers of preterm infants is an alternative source and contains higher protein levels compared to term HDM, but the impacts on growth and body composition are unclear. (2) Methods: Infants born below 32 weeks of gestation and below 1500 g between 2017–2022, who underwent air displacement plethysmography (Pea Pod®) to determine body composition (FFM: fat-free mass; FM: fat mass) at term-equivalent age, were included. A comparison between infants fed with MOM > 50% (MOM-group) and single preterm HDM > 50% (HDM-group) was conducted. (3) Results: In total, 351 infants (MOM-group: n = 206; HDM-group: n = 145) were included for the analysis. The median FFM-Z-score (MOM-group: −1.09; IQR: −2.02, 1.11; HDM-group: −1.13; IQR: −2.03, 1.12; p = 0.96), FM-Z-score (MOM-group: 1.06; IQR: −0.08, 2.22; HDM-group: 1.19; IQR: −0.14, 2.20; p = 0.09), and median growth velocity (MOM-group: 23.1 g/kg/d; IQR: 20.7, 26.0; HDM: 22.5 g/kg/d; IQR: 19.7, 25.8; p = 0.15) values were not significantly different between the groups. (4) Conclusion: Single preterm HDM is a good alternative to support normal growth and body composition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Individualized and Personalized Nutrition in Infancy)
12 pages, 283 KiB  
Article
Maternal Diet Influences Human Milk Protein Concentration and Adipose Tissue Marker
by Christoph Binder, Sabina Baumgartner-Parzer, Liliana-Imi Gard, Angelika Berger and Alexandra Thajer
Nutrients 2023, 15(2), 433; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15020433 - 14 Jan 2023
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4640
Abstract
(1) Background: Adequate protein intake plays an essential role in growth and neurodevelopment, especially in preterm infants. We investigated the effects of maternal diet and body mass index (BMI) on human milk (HM) composition. (2) Methods: HM samples were obtained from 136 lactating [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Adequate protein intake plays an essential role in growth and neurodevelopment, especially in preterm infants. We investigated the effects of maternal diet and body mass index (BMI) on human milk (HM) composition. (2) Methods: HM samples were obtained from 136 lactating mothers (BMI: 18.0–36.7 kg/m2), of which 93% gave birth to preterm infants. Macronutrient content in HM was measured by mid-infrared transmission spectroscopy. Leptin and adiponectin were analyzed using appropriate ELISAs. Maternal diet was determined by 24-h recall. (3) Results: Significant positive associations were found between protein, fat, carbohydrate and energy intake, and levels of corresponding macronutrients in HM, especially in protein concentrations (p < 0.001). An increased protein intake was positively correlated with adiponectin (p < 0.001) and leptin (p = 0.035) in HM. Maternal BMI was positively associated with a higher protein level in HM (p < 0.05), as well as with a higher dietary protein intake (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: Knowledge of maternal diet and BMI impacting HM composition is essential to optimize the feeding of newborn infants. This is especially relevant in the nutritional management of preterm infants; it can be utilized in approaches to improve growth rates and the appropriate development of infants and to prevent obesity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Individualized and Personalized Nutrition in Infancy)
12 pages, 458 KiB  
Article
Human Milk Processing and Its Effect on Protein and Leptin Concentrations
by Christoph Binder, Sabina Baumgartner-Parzer, Liliana-Imi Gard, Angelika Berger and Alexandra Thajer
Nutrients 2023, 15(2), 347; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15020347 - 10 Jan 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3741
Abstract
(1) Background: For the storage of human milk (HM), freezing, thawing, and/or pasteurization are routinely used in neonatal intensive care units. We aimed to analyze the effects of different HM processing types on the nutritional contents in HM, adipose tissue, and the neuroprotection [...] Read more.
(1) Background: For the storage of human milk (HM), freezing, thawing, and/or pasteurization are routinely used in neonatal intensive care units. We aimed to analyze the effects of different HM processing types on the nutritional contents in HM, adipose tissue, and the neuroprotection markers leptin and adiponectin. (2) Methods: HM samples from 136 mothers of preterm and term infants (gestational age 23 + 0 to 41 + 6) were collected and divided into four groups: (i) fresh HM, (ii) fresh pasteurized HM, (iii) thawed HM, and (iv) thawed pasteurized HM. The macronutrients were analyzed by mid-infrared transmission spectroscopy and the adiponectin and leptin were analyzed by high-sensitivity adiponectin and leptin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). (3) Results: No significant differences were observed in the protein, carbohydrate, or fat concentrations between the HM processing types. The leptin levels were significantly lower after pasteurization in comparison to HM without pasteurization (p < 0.001). The protein levels in extremely preterm HM were significantly lower compared to those in moderate/late preterm HM and term HM (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: HM processing had an impact on leptin concentrations but no effect on the protein level. These data support the use of unpasteurized human milk for preterm infants’ nutrition and normal brain development. The protein levels of the milk of mothers from preterm compared to full-term infants differed, underlining the importance of individualized target fortification. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Individualized and Personalized Nutrition in Infancy)
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10 pages, 410 KiB  
Article
Longitudinal Assessment of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels during Pregnancy and Postpartum—Are the Current Recommendations for Supplementation Sufficient?
by Pilar Palmrich, Alexandra Thajer, Nawa Schirwani, Christina Haberl, Harald Zeisler, Robin Ristl and Julia Binder
Nutrients 2023, 15(2), 339; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15020339 - 10 Jan 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3397
Abstract
(1) Background: Pregnant women are at risk of vitamin D deficiency. Data on pregnancy outcomes in women with vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy are controversial, and prospective longitudinal data on vitamin D deficiency with consistent definitions in pregnant women are scarce. (2) Methods: [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Pregnant women are at risk of vitamin D deficiency. Data on pregnancy outcomes in women with vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy are controversial, and prospective longitudinal data on vitamin D deficiency with consistent definitions in pregnant women are scarce. (2) Methods: The aim of this prospective longitudinal cohort study was to investigate 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels over the course of pregnancy and postpartum in singleton and twin pregnancies with regard to dietary and supplemental vitamin D intake and environmental factors influencing vitamin D levels, evaluated by a standardized food frequency questionnaire. (3) Results: We included 198 healthy singleton and 51 twin pregnancies for analysis. A total of 967 study visits were performed over a 3-year period. Overall, 59.5% of pregnant women were classified as vitamin D deficient in the first trimester, 54.8% in the second trimester, 58.5% in the third trimester, 66.9% at birth, and 60% 12 weeks postpartum, even though 66.4% of the study population reported daily pregnancy vitamin intake containing vitamin D. Dietary vitamin D intake did not affect vitamin D levels significantly. (4) Conclusions: The majority of pregnant women evaluated in this study were vitamin D deficient, despite administration of pregnancy vitamins containing vitamin D. Individualized vitamin D assessment during pregnancy should be considered to ensure adequate supplementation and prevention of hypovitaminosis D. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Individualized and Personalized Nutrition in Infancy)
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