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Diet and Nutrition: Metabolic Diseases

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 September 2024) | Viewed by 32503

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Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain
Interests: nutrition and metabolism; clinical nutrition; dietetics; diet therapy
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Nutrition (food) is composed of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats, broken down by enzymes in the digestive system, and the body uses these to store them in the liver, muscle tissues, or body fat.

Metabolic disorders are caused by deficiencies or excesses of the nutrients altering our healthy state, deficiencies of enzymes necessary to a specific chemical reaction, abnormal chemical reactions that make metabolic processes difficult, and organ diseases in the liver, pancreas, or endocrine glands. 

The most common metabolic diseases are the two types of diabetes. The cause of Type 1 is unknown, and Type 2 can be acquired or potentially triggered by genetic factors. Prediabetes, metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, dyslipidemia, and arterial hypertension are the principal pathologies that are related to overweight and obesity, especially with abdominal fat distribution. 

Glucose–galactose malabsorption, which creates a defect in transporting glucose and galactose through the stomach lining, causes severe diarrhea, with it being necessary to remove lactose, sucrose, and glucose from the diet. Phenylketonuria (PKU), caused by the inability to produce the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, causes organ damage and mental retardation, and maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) disrupts the metabolism of certain amino acids, causing the degeneration of neurons. 

Papers addressing these topics are invited for this Special Issue, especially those combining the relation of diet and nutrition in the prevention or the treatment of metabolic disorders.

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in IJERPH.

Prof. Dr. Iñaki Elío
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • obesity
  • overweight
  • metabolic syndrome
  • prediabetes
  • diabetes
  • bariatric surgery
  • dyslipidemia
  • eating behavior
  • non-alcoholic fatty liver
  • phenylketonuria
  • maple syrup urine disease
  • glucose-galactose malabsorption
  • homocystinuria
  • urea cycle disorder

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Published Papers (11 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1233 KiB  
Article
Nutritional Counseling and Mediterranean Diet in Adrenoleukodystrophy: A Real-Life Experience
by Maria Rita Spreghini, Nicoletta Gianni, Tommaso Todisco, Cristiano Rizzo, Marco Cappa and Melania Manco
Nutrients 2024, 16(19), 3341; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16193341 - 1 Oct 2024
Viewed by 481
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a metabolic disorder caused by dysfunctional peroxisomal beta-oxidation of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs). A VLCFA-restricted Mediterranean diet has been proposed for patients and carriers to reduce daily VLCFA intake. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated plasma VLCFAs in a [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a metabolic disorder caused by dysfunctional peroxisomal beta-oxidation of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs). A VLCFA-restricted Mediterranean diet has been proposed for patients and carriers to reduce daily VLCFA intake. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated plasma VLCFAs in a cohort of 36 patients and 20 carriers at baseline and after 1 year of restricted diet. Results: At T1, compliant adult patients had significantly lower C26:0 levels [1.7 (1.2) vs. 2.5 µmol/L (1.7), p < 0.05], C26:0/C22:0 ratio [0.04 (0.02) vs. 0.06 (0.03), p < 0.05], and triglycerides [93 (56.5) vs. 128 mg/dL (109.5), p < 0.05] than non-compliant ones. C26:0 [2.4 (1.7) vs. 1.7 (1.2) µmol/L, p < 0.05], the C26:0/C22:0 ratio [0.06 (0.04) vs. 0.04 (0.02), p < 0.05], and cholesterol [173.5 (68.3) mg/dL vs. 157 (54) mg/dL, p < 0.05] were significantly reduced in compliant adult patients at T1 vs. baseline. As for carriers, the C26:0/C22:0 ratio was lower [0.02 (0.01) vs. 0.04 (0.009), p < 0.05] at T1 in compliant carriers, as compared to non-compliant ones. The C26:0/C22:0 [0.03 (0.02) vs. 0.02 (0.01) p < 0.05] and C24:0/C22:0 [1.0 (0.2) vs. 0.9 (0.3), p < 0.05] ratios were significantly decreased at T1 vs. T0. Conclusions: A VLCFA-restricted diet is effective in reducing plasma VLCFA levels and their ratios and must be strongly encouraged as support to therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition: Metabolic Diseases)
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15 pages, 986 KiB  
Article
Impact of Dietary Patterns on Metabolic Syndrome in Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Jingwen Liu, Wenfeng Lu, Qingyun Lv, Yaqi Wang, Xueying Xu, Yuan He, Hairong Chang, Yue Zhao, Xiaonan Zhang, Xiaoying Zang and Hua Zhang
Nutrients 2024, 16(17), 2890; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172890 - 29 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1057
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome has become a significant public health concern. This study aims to investigate the impact of dietary patterns on metabolic syndrome in young adults and how physical activity modulates this effect. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a health management center in [...] Read more.
Metabolic syndrome has become a significant public health concern. This study aims to investigate the impact of dietary patterns on metabolic syndrome in young adults and how physical activity modulates this effect. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a health management center in Tianjin, China, from September 2022 to March 2023. Participants aged 18–35 years were recruited using convenience sampling. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression models evaluated associations between these patterns and metabolic syndrome, adjusting for potential confounders. Among 442 participants, four dietary patterns were identified: Legume–Nut, Alcohol–Meat, Sugar–Processed, and Egg–Vegetable. The Legume–Nut dietary pattern was associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome (OR = 2.63, 95% CI: 1.08–6.37), while the Egg–Vegetable dietary pattern was associated with a lower risk (OR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.10–0.70). No significant associations were found for the Sugar–Processed and Alcohol–Meat patterns. Subgroup analysis revealed that the Legume–Nut pattern increased the risk of metabolic syndrome among those with irregular physical activity, whereas the Egg–Vegetable pattern decreased the risk. These findings highlight the significant influence of dietary patterns on the risk of metabolic syndrome in young adults and the modifying effect of regular physical activity, underscoring the need for targeted dietary and lifestyle interventions to prevent metabolic syndrome in this population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition: Metabolic Diseases)
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20 pages, 3386 KiB  
Article
Sub-Optimal Paternal Diet at the Time of Mating Disrupts Maternal Adaptations to Pregnancy in the Late Gestation Mouse
by Afsaneh Khoshkerdar, Nader Eid, Vipul Batra, Nichola Baker, Nadine Holmes, Sonal Henson, Fei Sang, Victoria Wright, Jane McLaren, Kevin Shakesheff, Kathryn J. Woad, Hannah L. Morgan and Adam J. Watkins
Nutrients 2024, 16(12), 1879; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16121879 - 14 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1047
Abstract
Pregnancy represents a stage during which maternal physiology and homeostatic regulation undergo dramatic change and adaptation. The fundamental purpose of these adaptations is to ensure the survival of her offspring through adequate nutrient provision and an environment that is tolerant to the semi-allogenic [...] Read more.
Pregnancy represents a stage during which maternal physiology and homeostatic regulation undergo dramatic change and adaptation. The fundamental purpose of these adaptations is to ensure the survival of her offspring through adequate nutrient provision and an environment that is tolerant to the semi-allogenic foetus. While poor maternal diet during pregnancy is associated with perturbed maternal adaptations during pregnancy, the influence of paternal diet on maternal well-being is less clearly defined. We fed C57BL/6 male mice either a control (CD), low protein diet (LPD), a high fat/sugar Western diet (WD) or the LPD or WD supplemented with methyl donors (MD-LPD and MD-WD, respectively) for a minimum of 8 weeks prior to mating with C57BL/6 females. Mated females were culled at day 17 of gestation for the analysis of maternal metabolic, gut, cardiac and bone health. Paternal diet had minimal influences on maternal serum and hepatic metabolite levels or gut microbiota diversity. However, analysis of the maternal hepatic transcriptome revealed distinct profiles of differential gene expression in response to the diet of the father. Paternal LPD and MD-LPD resulted in differential expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism, transcription, ubiquitin conjugation and immunity in dams, while paternal WD and MD-WD modified the expression of genes associated with ubiquitin conjugation and cardiac morphology. Finally, we observed changes in maternal femur length, volume of trabecular bone, trabecular connectivity, volume of the cortical medullar cavity and thickness of the cortical bone in response to the father’s diets. Our current study demonstrates that poor paternal diet at the time of mating can influence the patterns of maternal metabolism and gestation-associated adaptations to her physiology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition: Metabolic Diseases)
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12 pages, 964 KiB  
Article
Exogenous Ketone Supplement Administration Abrogated Isoflurane-Anesthesia-Induced Increase in Blood Glucose Level in Female WAG/Rij Rats
by Enikő Rauch, Csilla Ari, Dominic P. D’Agostino and Zsolt Kovács
Nutrients 2024, 16(10), 1477; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16101477 - 14 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1027
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that isoflurane-induced anesthesia can increase the blood glucose level, leading to hyperglycemia and several adverse effects. The administration of a mix of ketone diester (KE) and medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil, named KEMCT, abolished the isoflurane-anesthesia-induced increase in blood glucose [...] Read more.
It has been demonstrated that isoflurane-induced anesthesia can increase the blood glucose level, leading to hyperglycemia and several adverse effects. The administration of a mix of ketone diester (KE) and medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil, named KEMCT, abolished the isoflurane-anesthesia-induced increase in blood glucose level and prolonged the recovery time from isoflurane anesthesia in a male preclinical rodent model, Wistar Albino Glaxo/Rijswijk (WAG/Rij) rats. While most preclinical studies use exclusively male animals, our previous study on blood glucose changes in response to KEMCT administration showed that the results can be sex-dependent. Thus, in this study, we investigated female WAG/Rij rats, whether KEMCT gavage (3 g/kg/day for 7 days) can change the isoflurane (3%)-anesthesia-induced increase in blood glucose level and the recovery time from isoflurane-evoked anesthesia using the righting reflex. Moreover, KEMCT-induced ketosis may enhance both the extracellular level of adenosine and the activity of adenosine A1 receptors (A1Rs). To obtain information on the putative A1R mechanism of action, the effects of an A1R antagonist, DPCPX (1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine; intraperitoneal/i.p. 0.2 mg/kg), on KEMCT-generated influences were also investigated. Our results show that KEMCT supplementation abolished the isoflurane-anesthesia-induced increase in blood glucose level, and this was abrogated by the co-administration of DPCPX. Nevertheless, KEMCT gavage did not change the recovery time from isoflurane-induced anesthesia. We can conclude that intragastric gavage of exogenous ketone supplements (EKSs), such as KEMCT, can abolish the isoflurane-anesthesia-induced increase in blood glucose level in both sexes likely through A1Rs in WAG/Rij rats, while recovery time was not affected in females, unlike in males. These results suggest that the administration of EKSs as an adjuvant therapy may be effective in mitigating metabolic side effects of isoflurane, such as hyperglycemia, in both sexes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition: Metabolic Diseases)
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12 pages, 998 KiB  
Article
Carbohydrate Ingestion before Exercise for Individuals with McArdle Disease: Survey Evidence of Implementation and Perception in Real-World Settings
by Sam L. Torrens, Evelyn B. Parr, Craig McNulty, Lynda Ross, Helen MacLaughlin and Robert A. Robergs
Nutrients 2024, 16(10), 1423; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16101423 - 9 May 2024
Viewed by 1061
Abstract
In individuals with McArdle disease (IWMD), the ingestion of carbohydrates before exercise has previously been shown in laboratory studies to significantly decrease the exercising symptoms of the condition and increase exercise tolerance during the early stages of exercise. As a result, carbohydrate ingestion [...] Read more.
In individuals with McArdle disease (IWMD), the ingestion of carbohydrates before exercise has previously been shown in laboratory studies to significantly decrease the exercising symptoms of the condition and increase exercise tolerance during the early stages of exercise. As a result, carbohydrate ingestion pre-exercise is currently included in management guidelines, and often advised by medical professionals treating the condition. The aim of the current study was to determine whether positive lab-based results for the ingestion of carbohydrate before exercise in laboratory studies are being effectively translated into practice and produce perceptions of the same positive outcomes in real-world settings (RWS). An online survey method was used to collect responses from 108 IWMD. Data collected on the amount and type of carbohydrate consumed prior to exercise found that most surveyed participants (69.6%) who supplied qualitative data (n = 45) consumed less than the 37 g currently recommended in management guidelines. Survey data also revealed a large variation in the type and amount of carbohydrate ingested when IWMDs are applying carbohydrate ingestion before exercise in RWS. Consistent with these findings, only 17.5% of participants stated that they found carbohydrate ingestion before exercise relieved or minimised their MD symptoms. Results suggest that positive lab-based findings (increased exercise tolerance) of carbohydrate ingestion before exercise are not being effectively translated to RWS for many IWMD. There is a need for improved patient education of IWMD on the application of carbohydrate ingestion before exercise in RWS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition: Metabolic Diseases)
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13 pages, 1211 KiB  
Article
Impact of Brewers’ Spent Grain-Containing Biscuit on Postprandial Glycaemic Response in Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome: A Crossover Randomised Controlled Trial
by Yujing Xu, Zi Ning Leong, Weijia Zhang, Xinrui Jin, Jia Wen Kong, Gregory Chung Tsing Chan and Jung Eun Kim
Nutrients 2024, 16(6), 909; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16060909 - 21 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1382
Abstract
Brewers’ spent grain (BSG) is a fibre and protein-rich by-product of beer-brewing. Fermenting BSG with Rhizopus oligosporus can further increase its content of soluble fibre, protein and certain antioxidants. Since nutrients rich in BSG can improve postprandial glycaemic response, this study assessed the [...] Read more.
Brewers’ spent grain (BSG) is a fibre and protein-rich by-product of beer-brewing. Fermenting BSG with Rhizopus oligosporus can further increase its content of soluble fibre, protein and certain antioxidants. Since nutrients rich in BSG can improve postprandial glycaemic response, this study assessed the postprandial glucose response (PPGR) and postprandial insulin response (PPIR) controlling effect of consuming 30% wheat flour substituted biscuits with autoclaved BSG (ABSG) or fermented BSG (FBSG) in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). The effect on postprandial lipid panel, breath hydrogen (H2) and methane (CH4) concentration and subjective appetite response was also examined. Fifteen subjects with MetS participated in this crossover randomised controlled trial, and blood was collected at 9 time-points for 4 h after consumption of control biscuits (Control), ABSG and FBSG. A significant interaction effect was observed (Pinteraction = 0.013) for the glucose time-points concentration. At 180 min, the glucose concentration was lowered after the consumption of ABSG (p = 0.010) and FBSG (p = 0.012) compared to the Control. Moreover, the FBSG resulted in a significantly lower glucose incremental area under curve (iAUC) compared to the Control (p = 0.028). Insulin level was also lowered at 180 min after the ABSG (p = 0.010) and FBSG (p = 0.051) consumption compared to the Control. However, no difference was noted for postprandial lipid panel, breath H2 and CH4 concentration and subjective appetite response. In conclusion, the consumption of BSG-incorporated biscuits can attenuate PPGR, and fermented BSG incorporation conferred a further PPGR controlling benefit. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition: Metabolic Diseases)
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18 pages, 2587 KiB  
Article
Factors Impacting the Reduction in Neophobia Prevalence in Phenylketonuria Patients
by Meda-Ada Bugi, Iulius Jugănaru, Raluca Isac, Iulia-Elena Simina, Andrei-Ioan Munteanu, Niculina Mang, Georgiana-Flavia Brad, Delia-Maria Nicoară, Daniela Cîrnatu and Otilia Mărginean
Nutrients 2024, 16(6), 768; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16060768 - 7 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1385
Abstract
Food neophobia (FN), the fear of sampling new foods, can have a significant impact on children’s eating habits. Children with phenylketonuria (PKU), a hereditary condition that inhibits the body’s capacity to metabolize phenylalanine, should take this attitude with caution. Patients with PKU must [...] Read more.
Food neophobia (FN), the fear of sampling new foods, can have a significant impact on children’s eating habits. Children with phenylketonuria (PKU), a hereditary condition that inhibits the body’s capacity to metabolize phenylalanine, should take this attitude with caution. Patients with PKU must follow a rigorous phenylalanine (Phe)-restricted diet to avoid brain malfunction that can include intellectual disability, seizures, and behavioral difficulties. The novelty of our work stems from the fact that we explored the origins of this incorrect intake pattern, which exacerbates PKU patients’ already fragile health. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 34 previously diagnosed phenylketonuria patients and a control group ranging in age from 7 months to 40 years, with a sex ratio of M/F 2:1. The Food Neophobia Scale (FNS) was used to determine neophobia. We used JASP (version 0.18.1) statistical analysis to examine the relationship between neophobia and PKU condition, age and nutritional status at the time of study, diet compliance, parental educational level, period from birth to PKU diagnosis, and environmental (rural/urban) provenience of PKU patients. According to the data, 61.76% of patients with PKU were neophobic, as were 70.57% of the control group. Food neophobia was associated with PKU patients’ present age, the period from birth to PKU diagnosis, and parental educational level. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition: Metabolic Diseases)
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19 pages, 5121 KiB  
Article
Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in a Dish: Human Precision-Cut Liver Slices as a Platform for Drug Screening and Interventions
by Mei Li, Frederik T. Larsen, Marius C. van den Heuvel, Konstanze Gier, Alan R. Gorter, Dorenda Oosterhuis, Johan Bijzet, Vincent E. de Meijer, Kim Ravnskjaer, Anika Nagelkerke and Peter Olinga
Nutrients 2024, 16(5), 626; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16050626 - 23 Feb 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1895
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a growing healthcare problem with limited therapeutic options. Progress in this field depends on the availability of reliable preclinical models. Human precision-cut liver slices (PCLSs) have been employed to replicate the initiation of MASLD, but a [...] Read more.
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a growing healthcare problem with limited therapeutic options. Progress in this field depends on the availability of reliable preclinical models. Human precision-cut liver slices (PCLSs) have been employed to replicate the initiation of MASLD, but a comprehensive investigation into MASLD progression is still missing. This study aimed to extend the current incubation time of human PCLSs to examine different stages in MASLD. Healthy human PCLSs were cultured for up to 96 h in a medium enriched with high sugar, high insulin, and high fatty acids to induce MASLD. PCLSs displayed hepatic steatosis, characterized by accumulated intracellular fat. The development of hepatic steatosis appeared to involve a time-dependent impact on lipid metabolism, with an initial increase in fatty acid uptake and storage, and a subsequent down-regulation of lipid oxidation and secretion. PCLSs also demonstrated liver inflammation, including increased pro-inflammatory gene expression and cytokine production. Additionally, liver fibrosis was also observed through the elevated production of pro-collagen 1a1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP1). RNA sequencing showed that the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) signaling pathway and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling pathway were consistently activated, potentially contributing to the development of inflammation and fibrosis. In conclusion, the prolonged incubation of human PCLSs can establish a robust ex vivo model for MASLD, facilitating the identification and evaluation of potential therapeutic interventions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition: Metabolic Diseases)
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Review

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19 pages, 1243 KiB  
Review
Health Effects and Mechanisms of Inulin Action in Human Metabolism
by Jaime Alonso-Allende, Fermín I. Milagro and Paula Aranaz
Nutrients 2024, 16(17), 2935; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172935 - 2 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1511
Abstract
Inulin is a plant polysaccharide which, due to its chemical structure, is not digestible by human gut enzymes but by some bacteria of the human microbiota, acting as a prebiotic. Consequently, inulin consumption has been associated with changes in the composition of the [...] Read more.
Inulin is a plant polysaccharide which, due to its chemical structure, is not digestible by human gut enzymes but by some bacteria of the human microbiota, acting as a prebiotic. Consequently, inulin consumption has been associated with changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota related to an improvement of the metabolic state, counteracting different obesity-related disturbances. However, the specific mechanisms of action, including bacterial changes, are not exactly known. Here, a bibliographic review was carried out to study the main effects of inulin on human metabolic health, with a special focus on the mechanisms of action of this prebiotic. Inulin supplementation contributes to body weight and BMI control, reduces blood glucose levels, improves insulin sensitivity, and reduces inflammation markers, mainly through the selective favoring of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producer species from the genera Bifidobacterium and Anaerostipes. These SCFAs have been shown to ameliorate glucose metabolism and decrease hepatic lipogenesis, reduce inflammation, modulate immune activity, and improve anthropometric parameters such as body weight or BMI. In conclusion, the studies collected suggest that inulin intake produces positive metabolic effects through the improvement of the intestinal microbiota and through the metabolites produced by its fermentation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition: Metabolic Diseases)
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18 pages, 1696 KiB  
Review
Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Royal Jelly in Metabolic Disorders and Gastrointestinal Diseases
by Hesham R. El-Seedi, Suzy Salama, Aida A. Abd El-Wahed, Zhiming Guo, Alessandro Di Minno, Maria Daglia, Chuan Li, Xiao Guan, Daniele Giuseppe Buccato, Shaden A. M. Khalifa and Kai Wang
Nutrients 2024, 16(3), 393; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16030393 - 29 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2611
Abstract
Metabolic disorders, encompassing diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, etc., pose a substantial global health threat, with rising morbidity and mortality rates. Addressing these disorders is crucial, as conventional drugs often come with high costs and adverse effects. This review explores the potential [...] Read more.
Metabolic disorders, encompassing diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, etc., pose a substantial global health threat, with rising morbidity and mortality rates. Addressing these disorders is crucial, as conventional drugs often come with high costs and adverse effects. This review explores the potential of royal jelly (RJ), a natural bee product rich in bioactive components, as an alternative strategy for managing metabolic diseases. RJ exhibits diverse therapeutic properties, including antimicrobial, estrogen-like, anti-inflammatory, hypotensive, anticancer, and antioxidant effects. This review’s focus is on investigating how RJ and its components impact conditions like diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and gastrointestinal illnesses. Evidence suggests that RJ serves as a complementary treatment for various health issues, notably demonstrating cholesterol- and glucose-lowering effects in diabetic rats. Specific RJ-derived metabolites, such as 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA), also known as the “Queen bee acid,” show promise in reducing insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. Recent research highlights RJ’s role in modulating immune responses, enhancing anti-inflammatory cytokines, and suppressing key inflammatory mediators. Despite these promising findings, further research is needed to comprehensively understand the mechanisms underlying RJ’s therapeutic effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition: Metabolic Diseases)
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20 pages, 2283 KiB  
Review
The Role of Probiotics in Skin Health and Related Gut–Skin Axis: A Review
by Ting Gao, Xiaoyu Wang, Yixuan Li and Fazheng Ren
Nutrients 2023, 15(14), 3123; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15143123 - 13 Jul 2023
Cited by 32 | Viewed by 18160
Abstract
Aging skin, wrinkles, pigmentation, and dryness are problems that plague people, and researchers are working to solve them. Recent studies have shown that intestinal microbiota homeostasis can influence skin health, demonstrating the existence of a gut–skin axis. Recently, improving skin health through probiotic [...] Read more.
Aging skin, wrinkles, pigmentation, and dryness are problems that plague people, and researchers are working to solve them. Recent studies have shown that intestinal microbiota homeostasis can influence skin health, demonstrating the existence of a gut–skin axis. Recently, improving skin health through probiotic interventions has been proposed, and micro-ecological skin care is becoming a popular concept. By regulating skin health and gut–skin axis interactions, probiotics can be used as potential management tools to suppress and improve skin diseases in multiple ways, including decreasing oxidative stress, suppressing inflammatory responses, and keeping immune effects. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the application and mechanisms of probiotic-mediated gut microbiota homeostasis in skin care and to offer a theoretical basis for the application of probiotics in skin care. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Nutrition: Metabolic Diseases)
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