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Recent Advances in Dyes Removal Technologies
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Recent Advances in Dyes Removal Technologies

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Green Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2021) | Viewed by 35293

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Monika Wawrzkiewicz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Marie Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
Interests: sorption; separation of inorganic and organic compounds; heavy metal ions; dyes; phenols; textile wastewaters treatment; chemical modification of synthetic and natural polymers; adsorbents for water treatment; hybrid materials; low-cost adsorbents; ion-exchange resins; synthetic oxide materials; photochemistry; environmental protection
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dye effluents released from numerous dye-utilizing industries, such as textile, chemical, paper and pulp, tanning, paint, plastic, food, and cosmetic, are harmful to the environment and living things. Dye wastewaters are rich in numerous hazardous chemicals. The purification of wastewaters containing dyes is becoming more and more important and to avoid not only legal consequences but also potential threats for the environment. A long-term sustainable and efficient dye effluent treatment method should be established to eliminate this problem. Currently, numerous studies are being conducted to find the ideal dye removal method. The most popular methods for dye removal are biological (adsorption by biomass, algae degradation, aerobic-anaerobic treatment, enzyme degradation, etc.), chemical (advanced oxidation process, electrochemical destruction, oxidation, ozonation, photochemical, and ultraviolet irradiation), and physical (adsorption, coagulation, flocculation, ion exchange, irradiation, membrane filtration, nano-filtration or ultra-filtration and reverse osmosis) and various combinations of the three. It is difficult to decide on one technique that solves the dominant problem of dye leakage; however, the search for new reports on effective ways to remove dyes is extremely important.

The Special Issue “Recent Advances in Dyes Removal Technologies” will publish experimental and review papers, as well as short communications, discussing recent developments in the field of dye wastewater treatment and purification of aqueous solutions using biological, chemical, and physical methods. The topics of the papers to be submitted to this Special Issue are defined by the keywords presented below.

Dr. Monika Wawrzkiewicz
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Molecules is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Dye wastewaters
  • Environmental protection
  • Purification
  • Adsorption
  • Advanced oxidation process
  • Ozonation
  • Coagulation
  • Flocculation
  • Irradiation
  • Membrane filtration

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Published Papers (8 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 3504 KiB  
Article
DFT Study of Methylene Blue Adsorption on ZnTiO3 and TiO2 Surfaces (101)
by Ximena Jaramillo-Fierro, Luis Fernando Capa, Francesc Medina and Silvia González
Molecules 2021, 26(13), 3780; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26133780 - 22 Jun 2021
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 4650
Abstract
The search for alternative materials with high dye adsorption capacity, such as methylene blue (MB), remains the focus of current studies. This computational study focuses on oxides ZnTiO3 and TiO2 (anatase phase) and on their adsorptive properties. Computational calculations based on [...] Read more.
The search for alternative materials with high dye adsorption capacity, such as methylene blue (MB), remains the focus of current studies. This computational study focuses on oxides ZnTiO3 and TiO2 (anatase phase) and on their adsorptive properties. Computational calculations based on DFT methods were performed using the Viena Ab initio Simulation Package (VASP) code to study the electronic properties of these oxides. The bandgap energy values calculated by the Hubbard U (GGA + U) method for ZnTiO3 and TiO2 were 3.17 and 3.21 eV, respectively, which are consistent with the experimental data. The most favorable orientation of the MB adsorbed on the surface (101) of both oxides is semi-perpendicular. Stronger adsorption was observed on the ZnTiO3 surface (−282.05 kJ/mol) than on TiO2 (–10.95 kJ/mol). Anchoring of the MB molecule on both surfaces was carried out by means of two protons in a bidentate chelating (BC) adsorption model. The high adsorption energy of the MB dye on the ZnTiO3 surface shows the potential value of using this mixed oxide as a dye adsorbent for several technological and environmental applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Dyes Removal Technologies)
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14 pages, 3061 KiB  
Article
Adsorption and Desorption Properties of Polyethylenimine/Polyvinyl Chloride Cross-Linked Fiber for the Treatment of Azo Dye Reactive Yellow 2
by Zhuo Wang, Ha Neul Park and Sung Wook Won
Molecules 2021, 26(6), 1519; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061519 - 10 Mar 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2108
Abstract
In this study, the optimal conditions for the fabrication of polyethylenimine/polyvinyl chloride cross-linked fiber (PEI/PVC-CF) were determined by comparing the adsorption capacity of synthesized PEI/PVC-CFs for Reactive Yellow 2 (RY2). The PEI/PVC-CF prepared through the optimal conditions was characterized using scanning electron microscopy [...] Read more.
In this study, the optimal conditions for the fabrication of polyethylenimine/polyvinyl chloride cross-linked fiber (PEI/PVC-CF) were determined by comparing the adsorption capacity of synthesized PEI/PVC-CFs for Reactive Yellow 2 (RY2). The PEI/PVC-CF prepared through the optimal conditions was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analyses. Several batch adsorption and desorption experiments were carried out to evaluate the sorption performance and reusability of PEI/PVC-CF for RY2. As a result, the adsorption of RY2 by PEI/PVC-CF was most effective at pH 2.0. A pseudo-second-order model fit better with the kinetics adsorption data. The adsorption isotherm process was described well by the Langmuir model, and the maximum dye uptake was predicted to be 820.6 mg/g at pH 2.0 and 25 °C. Thermodynamic analysis showed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. In addition, 1.0 M NaHCO3 was an efficient eluent for the regeneration of RY2-loaded PEI/PVC-CF. Finally, the repeated adsorption–desorption experiments showed that the PEI/PVC-CF remained at high adsorption and desorption efficiencies for RY2, even in 17 cycles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Dyes Removal Technologies)
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18 pages, 4108 KiB  
Article
Application of Functionalized DVB-co-GMA Polymeric Microspheres in the Enhanced Sorption Process of Hazardous Dyes from Dyeing Baths
by Monika Wawrzkiewicz, Beata Podkościelna and Przemysław Podkościelny
Molecules 2020, 25(22), 5247; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25225247 - 11 Nov 2020
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 2441
Abstract
Intensive development of many industries, including textile, paper, plastic or food, generate huge amounts of wastewaters containing not only toxic dyes but also harmful auxiliaries such as salts, acid, bases, surfactants, oxidants, heavy metal ions. The search for effective pollutant adsorbents is a [...] Read more.
Intensive development of many industries, including textile, paper, plastic or food, generate huge amounts of wastewaters containing not only toxic dyes but also harmful auxiliaries such as salts, acid, bases, surfactants, oxidants, heavy metal ions. The search for effective pollutant adsorbents is a huge challenge for scientists. Synthesis of divinylbenzene copolymer with glycidyl methacrylate functionalized with triethylenetetramine (DVB-co-GMA-TETA) resin was performed and the obtained microspheres were evaluated as a potential adsorbent for acid dye removal from dyeing effluents. The sorption capacities were equal to 142.4 mg/g for C.I. Acid Green 16 (AG16), 172 mg/g for C.I. Acid Violet 1 (AV1) and 216.3 mg/g for C.I. Acid Red 18 (AR18). Non-linear fitting of the Freundlich isotherm to experimental data was confirmed rather than the Langmuir, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich. The kinetic studies revealed that intraparticle diffusion is the rate-limiting step during dye adsorption. Auxiliaries such as Na2SO4 (5–25 g/L), CH3COOH (0.25–1.5 g/L) and anionic surfactant (0.1–0.5 g/L) present in the dyeing baths enhance the dye adsorption by the resin in most cases. Regeneration of DVB-co-GMA-TETA is possible using 1 M NaCl-50% v/v CH3OH. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Dyes Removal Technologies)
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18 pages, 3479 KiB  
Article
Iron Molybdate Fe2(MoO4)3 Nanoparticles: Efficient Sorbent for Methylene Blue Dye Removal from Aqueous Solutions
by Ahmed Mohmoud, Souad Rakass, Hicham Oudghiri Hassani, Fethi Kooli, Mostafa Abboudi and Sami Ben Aoun
Molecules 2020, 25(21), 5100; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25215100 - 3 Nov 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3205
Abstract
The present study investigated iron molybdate (Fe2(MoO4)3), synthesized via a simple method, as a nanosorbent for methylene blue (MB) dye removal from aqueous solutions. Investigations of the effects of several parameters like contact time, adsorbent dose, initial [...] Read more.
The present study investigated iron molybdate (Fe2(MoO4)3), synthesized via a simple method, as a nanosorbent for methylene blue (MB) dye removal from aqueous solutions. Investigations of the effects of several parameters like contact time, adsorbent dose, initial dye concentration, temperature and pH were carried out. The results showed that MB removal was affected, significantly, by adsorbent dose and pH. Interestingly, lower values of adsorbent dose resulted in the removal of higher amounts of MB. At the optimum pH, the removal efficiency of 99% was gained with an initial MB concentration of ≤60 ppm. The kinetic study specified an excellent correlation of the experimental results with the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. Thermodynamic studies proved a spontaneous, favorable and endothermic removal. The maximum amount of removal capacity of MB dye was 6173 mg/g, which was determined from the Langmuir model. The removal efficiency was shown to be retained after three cycles of reuse, as proven by thermal regeneration tests. The presence and adsorption of the dye onto the Fe2(MoO4)3 nanoparticle surface, as well as the regeneration of the latter, was ascertained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). These findings are indicative that the investigated nanosorbent is an excellent candidate for the removal of MB in wastewater. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Dyes Removal Technologies)
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13 pages, 2148 KiB  
Article
Development of Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Method for Simultaneous Determination of Three Cationic Dyes in Environmental Samples
by Afnan Ali Hussain Hakami, Saikh Mohammad Wabaidur, Moonis Ali Khan, Zeid Abdullah Alothman, Mohd. Rafatullah and Masoom Raza Siddiqui
Molecules 2020, 25(19), 4564; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25194564 - 6 Oct 2020
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 2871
Abstract
Lower dye concentrations and the presence of several dyes along with other matrices in environmental samples restrict their determination. Herein, a highly sensitive and rapid ultra-performance tandem mass spectrometric method was developed for simultaneous determination of cationic dyes, namely methylene blue (MB), rhodamine [...] Read more.
Lower dye concentrations and the presence of several dyes along with other matrices in environmental samples restrict their determination. Herein, a highly sensitive and rapid ultra-performance tandem mass spectrometric method was developed for simultaneous determination of cationic dyes, namely methylene blue (MB), rhodamine B (RB) and crystal violet (CV), in environmental samples. To preconcentrate environmental samples, solid-phase extraction cartridges were developed by using hydrogen peroxide modified pistachio shell biomass (MPSB). The surface morphological and chemical functionalities of MPSB were well characterized. The developed method was validated considering different validation parameters. In terms of accuracy and precision, the %RSD for all three dyes at all four concentration points was found to be between 1.26 and 2.76, while the accuracy reported in terms of the recovery was found to be 98.02%-101.70%. The recovery was found to be in the range of 98.11% to 99.55%. The real sample analysis shows that MB, RB, and CV were found in the ranges of 0.39–5.56, 0.32–1.92 and 0.27–4.36 μg/mL, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Dyes Removal Technologies)
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Review

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24 pages, 367 KiB  
Review
Organic Dyes versus Adsorption Processing
by Francisco J. Alguacil and Félix A. López
Molecules 2021, 26(18), 5440; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26185440 - 7 Sep 2021
Cited by 34 | Viewed by 3726
Abstract
Even in the first quarter of the XXI century, the presence of organic dyes in wastewaters was a normal occurrence in a series of countries. As these compounds are toxic, their removal from these waters is a necessity. Among the separation technologies, adsorption [...] Read more.
Even in the first quarter of the XXI century, the presence of organic dyes in wastewaters was a normal occurrence in a series of countries. As these compounds are toxic, their removal from these waters is a necessity. Among the separation technologies, adsorption processing appeared as one of the most widely used to reach this goal. The present work reviewed the most recent approaches (first half of the 2021 year) regarding the use of a variety of adsorbents in the removal of a variety of organic dyes of different natures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Dyes Removal Technologies)
20 pages, 1713 KiB  
Review
Recent Advances in Biopolymer-Based Dye Removal Technologies
by Rohan S. Dassanayake, Sanjit Acharya and Noureddine Abidi
Molecules 2021, 26(15), 4697; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154697 - 3 Aug 2021
Cited by 67 | Viewed by 6015
Abstract
Synthetic dyes have become an integral part of many industries such as textiles, tannin and even food and pharmaceuticals. Industrial dye effluents from various dye utilizing industries are considered harmful to the environment and human health due to their intense color, toxicity and [...] Read more.
Synthetic dyes have become an integral part of many industries such as textiles, tannin and even food and pharmaceuticals. Industrial dye effluents from various dye utilizing industries are considered harmful to the environment and human health due to their intense color, toxicity and carcinogenic nature. To mitigate environmental and public health related issues, different techniques of dye remediation have been widely investigated. However, efficient and cost-effective methods of dye removal have not been fully established yet. This paper highlights and presents a review of recent literature on the utilization of the most widely available biopolymers, specifically, cellulose, chitin and chitosan-based products for dye removal. The focus has been limited to the three most widely explored technologies: adsorption, advanced oxidation processes and membrane filtration. Due to their high efficiency in dye removal coupled with environmental benignity, scalability, low cost and non-toxicity, biopolymer-based dye removal technologies have the potential to become sustainable alternatives for the remediation of industrial dye effluents as well as contaminated water bodies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Dyes Removal Technologies)
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45 pages, 1340 KiB  
Review
Recent Achievements in Dyes Removal Focused on Advanced Oxidation Processes Integrated with Biological Methods
by Stanisław Ledakowicz and Katarzyna Paździor
Molecules 2021, 26(4), 870; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26040870 - 6 Feb 2021
Cited by 141 | Viewed by 7707
Abstract
In the last 3 years alone, over 10,000 publications have appeared on the topic of dye removal, including over 300 reviews. Thus, the topic is very relevant, although there are few articles on the practical applications on an industrial scale of the results [...] Read more.
In the last 3 years alone, over 10,000 publications have appeared on the topic of dye removal, including over 300 reviews. Thus, the topic is very relevant, although there are few articles on the practical applications on an industrial scale of the results obtained in research laboratories. Therefore, in this review, we focus on advanced oxidation methods integrated with biological methods, widely recognized as highly efficient treatments for recalcitrant wastewater, that have the best chance of industrial application. It is extremely important to know all the phenomena and mechanisms that occur during the process of removing dyestuffs and the products of their degradation from wastewater to prevent their penetration into drinking water sources. Therefore, particular attention is paid to understanding the mechanisms of both chemical and biological degradation of dyes, and the kinetics of these processes, which are important from a design point of view, as well as the performance and implementation of these operations on a larger scale. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Dyes Removal Technologies)
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