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Molecules
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Current Research Status of Metal-Organic Frameworks and Covalent Organic Frameworks
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Current Research Status of Metal-Organic Frameworks and Covalent Organic Frameworks

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2025 | Viewed by 4203

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Teng Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
Interests: gas separation and storage; energy storage; thermal catalysis; hydrogen energy
Prof. Dr. Wenju Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
Interests: lithium ion battery; energy storage; thermal catalysis; hydrogen energy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) represent two significant research avenues in the field of materials science. Their unique structures and properties have attracted considerable attention, and the research on MOFs and COFs is advancing rapidly, with promising applications in several fields. The research on MOFs is not only concerned with the optimisation of their structures and properties but also with their applications in specific fields. These include biomedicine, antimicrobial applications and orthopaedic materials, among others. In contrast, COFs demonstrate considerable potential in the fields of sensors, gas separation and electrochemical energy storage, due to their distinctive physicochemical properties. With a more profound comprehension of both materials and the advancement of more effective synthesis techniques, their impact on scientific research and industrial applications will continue to expand.

Dr. Teng Zhang
Prof. Dr. Wenju Wang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • gas separation
  • gas storage
  • catalyst
  • chemical sensing
  • biological application
  • energy storage

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 2020 KiB  
Article
Efficient Hydrogen Production from Ammonia Using Ru Nanoparticles on Ce-Based Metal–Organic Framework (MOF)-Derived CeO2 with Oxygen Vacancies
by Wenying Wu, Wenhao Yao, Yitong Liu, Senliang Xi and Teng Zhang
Molecules 2025, 30(11), 2301; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30112301 - 23 May 2025
Abstract
Ammonia is a promising hydrogen storage material because it is easy to store and decompose into COX-free hydrogen. A Ru-based catalyst exhibits good catalytic performance in ammonia decomposition, and enhancing the interaction between the Ru atoms and the support is an [...] Read more.
Ammonia is a promising hydrogen storage material because it is easy to store and decompose into COX-free hydrogen. A Ru-based catalyst exhibits good catalytic performance in ammonia decomposition, and enhancing the interaction between the Ru atoms and the support is an important way to further improve its catalytic activity. In this study, CeO2 was prepared by calcination using a cerium-based metal–organic framework (MOF) as the precursor, and the number of oxygen vacancies on the surface of CeO2 was regulated by hydrogen reduction. The XPS and Raman results showed that abundant oxygen vacancies were formed on the surface of these CeO2, and their number increased with an increase in the reduction time. The Ru/CeO2-4 h catalyst, using CeO2 reduced for 4 h as the support, exhibited good catalytic activity in ammonia decomposition, reaching 98.9% ammonia conversion and 39.74 mmol gcat−1 min−1 hydrogen yield under the condition of GHSV = 36,000 mL gcat−1 h−1 at 500 °C. The XAFS results demonstrated that Ru was stably anchored with oxygen vacancies on the surface of CeO2 via Ru-O-Ce bonds. Density functional theory calculations further showed that these bondings lower the reaction energy barrier for N-H bond cleavage, thereby significantly enhancing the catalytic activity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Research Status of Metal-Organic Frameworks and Covalent Organic Frameworks)
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19 pages, 7438 KiB  
Article
Engineering pH and Temperature-Triggered Drug Release with Metal-Organic Frameworks and Fatty Acids
by Wanying Wei and Ping Lu
Molecules 2024, 29(22), 5291; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29225291 - 8 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1491
Abstract
This study reports the successful synthesis of core-shell microparticles utilizing coaxial electrospray techniques, with zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) encapsulating rhodamine B (RhB) in the core and a phase change material (PCM) shell composed of a eutectic mixture of lauric acid (LA) and stearic [...] Read more.
This study reports the successful synthesis of core-shell microparticles utilizing coaxial electrospray techniques, with zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) encapsulating rhodamine B (RhB) in the core and a phase change material (PCM) shell composed of a eutectic mixture of lauric acid (LA) and stearic acid (SA). ZIF-8 is well-recognized for its pH-responsive degradation and biocompatibility, making it an ideal candidate for targeted drug delivery. The LA-SA PCM mixture, with a melting point near physiological temperature (39 °C), enables temperature-triggered drug release, enhancing therapeutic precision. The structural properties of the microparticles were extensively characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Drug release studies revealed a dual-stimuli response, where the release of RhB was significantly influenced by both temperature and pH. Under mildly acidic conditions (pH 4.0) at 40 °C, a rapid and complete release of RhB was observed within 120 h, while at 37 °C, the release rate was notably slower. Specifically, the release at 40 °C was 79% higher than at 37 °C, confirming the temperature sensitivity of the system. Moreover, at physiological pH (7.4), minimal drug release occurred, demonstrating the system’s potential for minimizing premature drug release under neutral conditions. This dual-stimuli approach holds promise for improving therapeutic outcomes in cancer treatment by enabling precise control over drug release in response to both pH and localized hyperthermia, reducing off-target effects and improving patient compliance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Research Status of Metal-Organic Frameworks and Covalent Organic Frameworks)
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Review

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32 pages, 9134 KiB  
Review
The Application of Multifunctional Metal–Organic Frameworks for the Detection, Adsorption, and Degradation of Contaminants in an Aquatic Environment
by Yachen Liu, Jinbin Yang, Junlin Wu, Zehao Jiang, Xinyu Zhang and Fanjun Meng
Molecules 2025, 30(6), 1336; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30061336 - 17 Mar 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 628
Abstract
Water pollution poses a severe threat to both aquatic ecosystems and human health, highlighting the crucial importance of monitoring and regulating its levels in water bodies. In contrast to traditional single-treatment approaches, multiple-treatment methods enable the simultaneous detection and removal of water pollutants [...] Read more.
Water pollution poses a severe threat to both aquatic ecosystems and human health, highlighting the crucial importance of monitoring and regulating its levels in water bodies. In contrast to traditional single-treatment approaches, multiple-treatment methods enable the simultaneous detection and removal of water pollutants using a single material. This innovation not only offers convenience but also fosters a more holistic and effective approach to water remediation. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are versatile porous materials that offer significant potential for use in wastewater treatment. This article examines the latest developments in the application of MOFs for multifaceted wastewater treatment. MOFs are used for simultaneous detection and removal, or for the detection and degradation of contaminants. Some MOFs exhibited different functions for different contaminants, and some MOFs showed one function (adsorption or detection) for more than one contaminant. All the multifunctional MOFs facilitate the multiple treatment of the real wastewater. Lastly, existing challenges and future outlooks concerning MOF materials for wastewater treatment are also addressed in this paper. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Research Status of Metal-Organic Frameworks and Covalent Organic Frameworks)
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44 pages, 6897 KiB  
Review
Overview of Liquid Sample Preparation Techniques for Analysis, Using Metal-Organic Frameworks as Sorbents
by Jakub Woźniak, Jakub Nawała, Daniel Dziedzic and Stanisław Popiel
Molecules 2024, 29(19), 4752; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29194752 - 8 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1705
Abstract
The preparation of samples for instrumental analysis is the most essential and time-consuming stage of the entire analytical process; it also has the greatest impact on the analysis results. Concentrating the sample, changing its matrix, and removing interferents are often necessary. Techniques for [...] Read more.
The preparation of samples for instrumental analysis is the most essential and time-consuming stage of the entire analytical process; it also has the greatest impact on the analysis results. Concentrating the sample, changing its matrix, and removing interferents are often necessary. Techniques for preparing samples for analysis are constantly being developed and modified to meet new challenges, facilitate work, and enable the determination of analytes in the most comprehensive concentration range possible. This paper focuses on using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as sorbents in the most popular techniques for preparing liquid samples for analysis, based on liquid-solid extraction. An increase in interest in MOFs-type materials has been observed for about 20 years, mainly due to their sorption properties, resulting, among others, from the high specific surface area, tunable pore size, and the theoretically wide possibility of their modification. This paper presents certain advantages and disadvantages of the most popular sample preparation techniques based on liquid-solid extraction, the newest trends in the application of MOFs as sorbents in those techniques, and, most importantly, presents the reader with a summary, which a specific technique and MOF for the desired application. To make a tailor-made and well-informed choice as to the extraction technique. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Research Status of Metal-Organic Frameworks and Covalent Organic Frameworks)
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