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Heterogeneous Catalysis for Sustainability and Carbon-Neutrality

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A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Cross-Field Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2025 | Viewed by 2916

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Dr. Ruiyang Qu

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Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
Interests: heterogeneous catalysis; energy engineering; environmental catalysis; catalytic materials; catalyst characterization

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Motivated by today’s vision of sustainable development and the current urgent need for carbon-neutrality, researchers from both academia and industry are devoted to developing greener approaches in the fields of energy conversion, chemical production, environmental protection, etc. Catalysis, especially heterogeneous catalysis, which dominates in practical applications, offers an ideal solution as it can help to minimize the consumption of energy and the generation of waste. Hence, it is not surprising that catalysis is included as one of the twelve principles of green chemistry. Aiming at sustainable development, the ongoing substitution of feedstocks from fossil sources to renewables in recent years provides many opportunities for chemical transformations, yet urgently requires the development of more active, selective, and stable catalysts as well as new catalytic systems.

In this Special Issue, we aim to publish cutting-edge papers on the application of heterogeneous catalysis in sustainable development and carbon-neutral processes. Besides thermal catalysis, research on photocatalysis and electrocatalysis is also highly welcome. We encourage original articles, reviews, short communications, and other types of research papers within the scope of this topic. We believe that your contributions will be of great interest to a broad community of scientists and engineers working in related fields, and they will help in increasing the impact of Molecules.

Dr. Ruiyang Qu
Guest Editor

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Keywords

heterogeneous catalysis
photocatalysis
electrocatalysis
catalytic materials
renewable energy
sustainable development
carbon-neutrality

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 302 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Kinetic Models for the Catalytic Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid to γ-Valerolactone over Nickel Catalyst Supported by Titania

by Carlos Alberto Sepulveda Lanziano, Cristiane Barbieri Rodella and Reginaldo Guirardello

Molecules 2025, 30(7), 1400; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30071400 - 21 Mar 2025

Viewed by 165

Abstract

The search for alternative sources of, and substitutes for, chemicals derived from fossil-based feedstocks encourages studies of heterogeneous catalysts to increase the feasibility of sustainable production of biomass derivatives, such as γ-valerolactone, among others. In this context, first, the performance of a titania-supported nickel catalyst (a non-noble catalyst) was evaluated in the reaction of hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone in water using molecular hydrogen. The methods used included the synthesis of titania via the solgel method and nickel deposition by deposition–precipitation via removal of the complexing agent. The nickel was activated in a flow of hydrogen; the temperature of reduction and the calcination step were investigated with experiments at reaction conditions to study the catalyst’s stability. Then, after a statistical evaluation of several proposed kinetic models, the kinetics of the reaction was found to be best represented by a model obtained considering that the reaction over the surface was the determinant step, followed by the non-dissociative adsorption of hydrogen and the competitive adsorption among hydrogen, levulinic acid, and γ-valerolactone. With that model, the activation energy of the levulinic acid to 4-hydroxypentanoic acid step was (47.0 ± 1.2) kJ mol⁻¹, since the determinant step was the hydrogenation reaction of the levulinic acid to 4-hydroxypentanoic acid. It was also concluded that the catalyst prepared was stable, active, and selective to γ-valerolactone. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heterogeneous Catalysis for Sustainability and Carbon-Neutrality)

18 pages, 4124 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Polythiophene/Ti₃C₂T_X MXene Composites for Effective Removal of Diverse Organic Dyes via Complementary Activity of Adsorption and Photodegradation

by Young-Hwan Bae, Seongin Hong and Jin-Seo Noh

Molecules 2025, 30(6), 1393; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30061393 - 20 Mar 2025

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Abstract

This study presents an effective method to remove organic dyes from wastewater, using a composite of few-layered porous (FLP) Ti₃C₂T_x MXene and polythiophene (PTh) nanospheres. The FLP MXene, which was pre-synthesized by a series of intercalation, heat-induced TiO₂ formation, and its selective etching, was combined with PTh nanospheres via a simple solution method. The composite effectively removed various organic dyes, but its efficiency was altered depending on the type of dye. Particularly, the removal efficiency of methylene blue reached 91.3% and 97.8% after irradiation for 10 min and 1 h, respectively. The high dye removal efficiency was attributed to the large surface area (32.01 m²/g) of the composite, strong electrostatic interaction between the composite and dye molecules, and active photodegradation process. The strong electrostatic interaction and large surface area could facilitate the adsorption of dye molecules, while photocatalytic activity further enhance dye removal under light. These results are indicative that the PTh/FLP MXene composite may be a promising material for environmental remediation through synergistic processes of adsorption and photocatalysis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heterogeneous Catalysis for Sustainability and Carbon-Neutrality)

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13 pages, 3475 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bioethanol Steam Reforming for Hydrogen Production over Ni-Cr/SBA 15: Influence of Metal Loading and Ni/Cr Ratio

by Pedro J. Megía, Lourdes García-Moreno, Arturo J. Vizcaíno, José A. Calles and Alicia Carrero

Molecules 2025, 30(6), 1206; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30061206 - 7 Mar 2025

Viewed by 462

Abstract

This work examines the influence of metal loading and the Ni/Cr ratio of Ni-Cr/SBA-15 catalysts on bioethanol steam reforming for the first time. The characterization of the synthesized samples reveals that higher Cr amounts result in lower Ni crystallite sizes due to the promoting effect of Cr, thereby enhancing the dispersion of the active phase. The catalytic performance has been evaluated in terms of ethanol conversion and H₂ TOF (min⁻¹). Ethanol conversion exhibits an increasing trend with higher Ni content, reaching up to 90% for samples containing 15 wt.%. By increasing the Cr content (lower Ni/Cr ratio) the results evidence a similar trend. A synergistic effect between Ni and Cr was appreciated in conversion values when the Ni content was below 11 wt.% and the Cr content exceeded 2 wt.%, which coincides with a smaller Ni crystallite size. Concerning the H₂ TOF, the catalyst with the lowest Ni content (7 wt.%) exhibited a higher value with a notable enhancement upon increasing the Cr loading. However, a considerable decrease in H₂ TOF was observed for samples with higher Ni loading. Therefore, the best catalytic performance, achieving nearly complete ethanol conversion and high hydrogen production, was reached when using catalysts with 7 wt.% Ni; the Cr loading should be increased to around 2 wt.%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heterogeneous Catalysis for Sustainability and Carbon-Neutrality)

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16 pages, 3519 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Adsorptive–Photocatalytic Composites of α-Ferrous Oxalate Supported on Activated Carbon for the Removal of Phenol under Visible Irradiation

by Salomé Galeas, Víctor H. Guerrero, Patricia I. Pontón, Carla S. Valdivieso-Ramírez, Paul Vargas-Jentzsch, Paola Zárate and Vincent Goetz

Molecules 2024, 29(15), 3690; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29153690 - 4 Aug 2024

Viewed by 1369

Abstract

Adsorptive–photocatalytic composites based on activated carbon (AC) and α-ferrous oxalate dihydrate (α-FOD) were synthesized by an original two-step method and subsequently used for the removal of phenol from aqueous solutions. To obtain the composites, ferrotitaniferous black mineral sands (0.6FeTiO₃·0.4Fe₂O₃) were first dissolved in an oxalic acid solution at ambient pressure, and further treated under hydrothermal conditions to precipitate α-FOD on the AC surface. The ratio of oxalic acid to the mineral sand precursor was tuned to obtain composites with 8.3 and 42.7 wt.% of α-FOD on the AC surface. These materials were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and the nitrogen adsorption–desorption method. The phenol removal efficiency of the composites was determined during 24 h of adsorption under dark conditions, followed by 24 h of adsorption–photocatalysis under visible light irradiation. AC/α-FOD composites with 8.3 and 42.7 wt.% of α-FOD adsorbed 60% and 51% of phenol in 24 h and reached a 90% and 96% removal efficiency after 12 h of irradiation, respectively. Given its higher photocatalytic response, the 42.7 wt.% α-FOD composite was also tested during successive cycles of adsorption and adsorption–photocatalysis. This composite exhibited a reasonable level of cyclability (~99% removal after four alternated dark/irradiated cycles of 24 h and ~68% removal after three simultaneous adsorption–photocatalysis cycles of 24 h). The promising performance of the as-prepared composites opens several opportunities for their application in the effective removal of organic micropollutants from water. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heterogeneous Catalysis for Sustainability and Carbon-Neutrality)

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