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Review Papers in Analytical Chemistry

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Analytical Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2024) | Viewed by 27944

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Giorgio S. Senesi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CNR, Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Plasmi (ISTP), Sede di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
Interests: laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy applied to minerals, gems, rocks, meteorites, soils, fertilizers, plants and cultural heritage; laser–matter interaction; laser spectroscopy; morphological characterization techniques (AFM, SEM, TEM); nanocrystalline diamond films
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In this Special Issue, “Review Papers in Analytical Chemistry”, Molecules intends to publish high-quality review papers and critical overviews addressing the elucidation of fundamental and/or applicative aspects and new developments of cutting-edge analytical chemistry research, aiming to help analytical chemists and other users of analytical techniques.

The subjects can encompass all branches of modern analytical chemistry such as spectroscopy, chromatography, mass spectrometry, electrochemistry and trace analysis, and their applications in areas such as analytical instrumentation, environmental analysis and monitoring, biomedical analysis, biomolecular analysis, biosensors, chemical analysis, chemometrics, clinical chemistry, drug discovery, the pharmaceutical industry, food analysis, forensic science, laboratory automation, materials science, metabolomics, pesticide residue analysis, surface science, water analysis and monitoring automation and other relevant areas. Review articles should bring the expert up to date in a concise manner and provide researchers with an overview of new techniques and methods.

Distinguished researchers from all over the world are invited to contribute to this issue. In order to avoid overlapping topics, potential contributors/invited authors are kindly requested to submit a tentative article title and a one- or two-page description/table of contents the editors for pre-evaluation.

Topics

  • Analytical chemistry
  • Analytical spectroscopy and optical detection methods
  • Analytical electrochemistry
  • Analytical biochemistry
  • Separation sciences and their analytical applications
  • Mass spectrometry
  • Chemical sensors
  • Trace analysis and particulate matter analysis
  • Surface analysis and chemical imaging
  • Chemometry

Dr. Giorgio S. Senesi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Molecules is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • analytical chemistry
  • analytical spectroscopy
  • medical science
  • forensic science
  • cultural heritage
  • food analysis

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (9 papers)

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Review

36 pages, 3075 KiB  
Review
Chromatographic and Spectroscopic Analyses of Cannabinoids: A Narrative Review Focused on Cannabis Herbs and Oily Products
by Céline Duchateau, Caroline Stévigny, Jehan Waeytens and Eric Deconinck
Molecules 2025, 30(3), 490; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30030490 - 22 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1718
Abstract
Cannabis sativa L. is cultivated nowadays for agricultural, industrial, and medicinal applications and also for recreational use. The latter is due to the presence of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, a psychoactive substance. Recreational cannabis policies vary between different countries, which has led to the lack of [...] Read more.
Cannabis sativa L. is cultivated nowadays for agricultural, industrial, and medicinal applications and also for recreational use. The latter is due to the presence of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, a psychoactive substance. Recreational cannabis policies vary between different countries, which has led to the lack of a clearly defined legal context for cannabis and also a diversity of products derived from or containing cannabis on the (il)legal market. These cannabis-derived products have regained attention, notably because of their cannabinoid content. This review aims to assess and present analytical methods developed to analyze phytocannabinoids with spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques in specific cannabis matrices: herbs and oily products. Published papers from 2018–November 2024 were searched for with precise criteria, analyzed, and summarized. In the studies, liquid and gas chromatographic techniques (>70% reviewed papers) were the most used and have been widely applied using similar methods, and most papers were focused on cannabis herbs (>75%). Techniques were also compared and future challenges were identified. A comparison of different specificities of chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques discussed in this current review has also been established and summarized. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Review Papers in Analytical Chemistry)
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26 pages, 753 KiB  
Review
Examining the Use of Polyphenols and Sugars for Authenticating Honey on the U.S. Market: A Comprehensive Review
by Kate Nyarko, Stephen Mensah and C. Michael Greenlief
Molecules 2024, 29(20), 4940; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29204940 - 18 Oct 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1687
Abstract
The rise in honey production and imports into the United States necessitates the need for robust methods to authenticate honey origin and ensure consumer safety. This review addresses the scope of honey authentication, with a specific focus on the exploration of polyphenols and [...] Read more.
The rise in honey production and imports into the United States necessitates the need for robust methods to authenticate honey origin and ensure consumer safety. This review addresses the scope of honey authentication, with a specific focus on the exploration of polyphenols and sugar markers to evaluate honeys in the U.S. In the absence of comprehensive federal standards for honey in the United States, challenges related to authenticity and adulteration persist. Examining the global landscape of honey authentication research, we observed a significant gap in the literature pertaining to U.S. honeys. While honeys from Europe, Australia, New Zealand, and Asia have been extensively studied, the decentralized nature of the U.S. honey market and the lack of comprehensive standards have limited the number of investigations conducted. This review consolidates the findings of global honey studies and emphasizes the need for further research studies on honey authenticity markers within the United States. We also explore previous studies on the U.S. that focused on identifying potential markers for honey authenticity. However, the inherent variability in polyphenol profiles and the lack of extensive studies of the sugar contents of honey on a global scale pose challenges to establishing universal markers. We conclude that by addressing these challenges, the field of research on polyphenols and sugars in honey can move toward more reliable and standardized methods. This advancement will enhance the use of polyphenols and other constituents like sugars as authenticity markers, ultimately benefiting both researchers and the honey industry in ensuring honey quality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Review Papers in Analytical Chemistry)
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24 pages, 4776 KiB  
Review
Artifacts and Anomalies in Raman Spectroscopy: A Review on Origins and Correction Procedures
by Ravi teja Vulchi, Volodymyr Morgunov, Rajendhar Junjuri and Thomas Bocklitz
Molecules 2024, 29(19), 4748; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29194748 - 8 Oct 2024
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3738
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy, renowned for its unique ability to provide a molecular fingerprint, is an invaluable tool in industry and academic research. However, various constraints often hinder the measurement process, leading to artifacts and anomalies that can significantly affect spectral measurements. This review begins [...] Read more.
Raman spectroscopy, renowned for its unique ability to provide a molecular fingerprint, is an invaluable tool in industry and academic research. However, various constraints often hinder the measurement process, leading to artifacts and anomalies that can significantly affect spectral measurements. This review begins by thoroughly discussing the origins and impacts of these artifacts and anomalies stemming from instrumental, sampling, and sample-related factors. Following this, we present a comprehensive list and categorization of the existing correction procedures, including computational, experimental, and deep learning (DL) approaches. The review concludes by identifying the limitations of current procedures and discussing recent advancements and breakthroughs. This discussion highlights the potential of these advancements and provides a clear direction for future research to enhance correction procedures in Raman spectral analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Review Papers in Analytical Chemistry)
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16 pages, 1048 KiB  
Review
Analytical Insights into Methods for Measuring Ischemia-Modified Albumin
by Stefano Zoroddu, Angelo Zinellu, Ciriaco Carru and Salvatore Sotgia
Molecules 2024, 29(19), 4636; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29194636 - 29 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1534
Abstract
Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) has emerged as a pivotal biomarker for the early detection of ischemic conditions, particularly myocardial ischemia, where timely diagnosis is crucial for effective intervention. This review provides an overview of the analytical methods for assessment of IMA, including Albumin Cobalt [...] Read more.
Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) has emerged as a pivotal biomarker for the early detection of ischemic conditions, particularly myocardial ischemia, where timely diagnosis is crucial for effective intervention. This review provides an overview of the analytical methods for assessment of IMA, including Albumin Cobalt Binding (ACB), Albumin Copper Binding (ACuB), Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), new techniques such as liquid crystal biosensors (LCB), quantum dot coupled X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (Q-XRF), mass spectrometry (MS), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Each method was thoroughly examined for its analytical performance in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and feasibility. The ACB assay is the most readily implementable method in clinical laboratories for its cost-effectiveness and operational simplicity. On the other hand, the ACuB assay exhibits enhanced sensitivity and specificity, driven by the superior binding affinity of copper to IMA. Furthermore, nanoparticle-enhanced immunoassays and liquid crystal biosensors, while more resource-intensive, significantly improve the analytical sensitivity and specificity of IMA detection, enabling earlier and more accurate identification of ischemic events. Additionally, different biological matrices, such as serum, saliva, and urine, were reviewed to identify the most suitable for accurate measurements in clinical application. Although serum was considered the gold standard, non-invasive matrices such as saliva and urine are becoming increasingly feasible due to advances in technology. This review underscores the role of IMA in clinical diagnostics and suggests how advanced analytical techniques have the potential to significantly enhance patient outcomes in ischemic disease management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Review Papers in Analytical Chemistry)
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38 pages, 2031 KiB  
Review
Analytical Methods for Assessing Thiol Antioxidants in Biological Fluids: A Review
by Iuliia A. Poimenova, Madina M. Sozarukova, Daria-Maria V. Ratova, Vita N. Nikitina, Vladislav R. Khabibullin, Ivan V. Mikheev, Elena V. Proskurnina and Mikhail A. Proskurnin
Molecules 2024, 29(18), 4433; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29184433 - 18 Sep 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2442
Abstract
Redox metabolism is an integral part of the glutathione system, encompassing reduced and oxidized glutathione, hydrogen peroxide, and associated enzymes. This core process orchestrates a network of thiol antioxidants like thioredoxins and peroxiredoxins, alongside critical thiol-containing proteins such as mercaptoalbumin. Modifications to thiol-containing [...] Read more.
Redox metabolism is an integral part of the glutathione system, encompassing reduced and oxidized glutathione, hydrogen peroxide, and associated enzymes. This core process orchestrates a network of thiol antioxidants like thioredoxins and peroxiredoxins, alongside critical thiol-containing proteins such as mercaptoalbumin. Modifications to thiol-containing proteins, including oxidation and glutathionylation, regulate cellular signaling influencing gene activities in inflammation and carcinogenesis. Analyzing thiol antioxidants, especially glutathione, in biological fluids offers insights into pathological conditions. This review discusses the analytical methods for biothiol determination, mainly in blood plasma. The study includes all key methodological aspects of spectroscopy, chromatography, electrochemistry, and mass spectrometry, highlighting their principles, benefits, limitations, and recent advancements that were not included in previously published reviews. Sample preparation and factors affecting thiol antioxidant measurements are discussed. The review reveals that the choice of analytical procedures should be based on the specific requirements of the research. Spectrophotometric methods are simple and cost-effective but may need more specificity. Chromatographic techniques have excellent separation capabilities but require longer analysis times. Electrochemical methods enable real-time monitoring but have disadvantages such as interference. Mass spectrometry-based approaches have high sensitivity and selectivity but require sophisticated instrumentation. Combining multiple techniques can provide comprehensive information on thiol antioxidant levels in biological fluids, enabling clearer insights into their roles in health and disease. This review covers the time span from 2010 to mid-2024, and the data were obtained from the SciFinder® (ACS), Google Scholar (Google), PubMed®, and ScienceDirect (Scopus) databases through a combination search approach using keywords. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Review Papers in Analytical Chemistry)
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15 pages, 2038 KiB  
Review
Use of Commercial Mixed-Mode Stationary Phases and Sorbents in the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis and Solid-Phase Extraction of Ionized and Hydrophilic Bioactive Compounds
by Takeshi Fukushima, Mikoto Koishi, Tatsuya Sakamoto and Mayu Onozato
Molecules 2024, 29(10), 2341; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29102341 - 16 May 2024
Viewed by 1406
Abstract
Mixed-mode high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is increasingly used for the analysis of ionic and highly hydrophilic drugs, which are difficult to separate by conventional single-mode HPLC. In the former case, chromatographic separation is achieved using one of the several commercially available mixed-mode stationary [...] Read more.
Mixed-mode high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is increasingly used for the analysis of ionic and highly hydrophilic drugs, which are difficult to separate by conventional single-mode HPLC. In the former case, chromatographic separation is achieved using one of the several commercially available mixed-mode stationary phases, typically combinations of reversed and ion-exchange phases. Moreover, mixed-mode stationary phases can be used as solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbents. This review focuses on the recent applications of mixed-mode stationary phases in the chromatographic analysis of bioactive compounds, such as drugs, herbicides, and pesticides. Specifically, we briefly summarize HPLC methods utilizing mixed-mode stationary phases and SPE pretreatment procedures utilizing mixed-mode sorbents developed in the last decade, thus providing a reference work for overcoming the difficulties in analyzing ionized or hydrophilic drugs by conventional reversed-phase chromatography. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Review Papers in Analytical Chemistry)
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41 pages, 5168 KiB  
Review
Illuminating the Tiny World: A Navigation Guide for Proper Raman Studies on Microorganisms
by Sandra Baaba Frempong, Markus Salbreiter, Sara Mostafapour, Aikaterini Pistiki, Thomas W. Bocklitz, Petra Rösch and Jürgen Popp
Molecules 2024, 29(5), 1077; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29051077 - 29 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3608
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is an emerging method for the identification of bacteria. Nevertheless, a lot of different parameters need to be considered to establish a reliable database capable of identifying real-world samples such as medical or environmental probes. In this review, the establishment of [...] Read more.
Raman spectroscopy is an emerging method for the identification of bacteria. Nevertheless, a lot of different parameters need to be considered to establish a reliable database capable of identifying real-world samples such as medical or environmental probes. In this review, the establishment of such reliable databases with the proper design in microbiological Raman studies is demonstrated, shining a light into all the parts that require attention. Aspects such as the strain selection, sample preparation and isolation requirements, the phenotypic influence, measurement strategies, as well as the statistical approaches for discrimination of bacteria, are presented. Furthermore, the influence of these aspects on spectra quality, result accuracy, and read-out are discussed. The aim of this review is to serve as a guide for the design of microbiological Raman studies that can support the establishment of this method in different fields. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Review Papers in Analytical Chemistry)
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23 pages, 2381 KiB  
Review
Polyamine-Derived Aminoaldehydes and Acrolein: Cytotoxicity, Reactivity and Analysis of the Induced Protein Modifications
by Marek Šebela and Michaela Rašková
Molecules 2023, 28(21), 7429; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28217429 - 4 Nov 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2950
Abstract
Polyamines participate in the processes of cell growth and development. The degradation branch of their metabolism involves amine oxidases. The oxidation of spermine, spermidine and putrescine releases hydrogen peroxide and the corresponding aminoaldehyde. Polyamine-derived aminoaldehydes have been found to be cytotoxic, and they [...] Read more.
Polyamines participate in the processes of cell growth and development. The degradation branch of their metabolism involves amine oxidases. The oxidation of spermine, spermidine and putrescine releases hydrogen peroxide and the corresponding aminoaldehyde. Polyamine-derived aminoaldehydes have been found to be cytotoxic, and they represent the subject of this review. 3-aminopropanal disrupts the lysosomal membrane and triggers apoptosis or necrosis in the damaged cells. It is implicated in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia. Furthermore, 3-aminopropanal yields acrolein through the elimination of ammonia. This reactive aldehyde is also generated by the decomposition of aminoaldehydes produced in the reaction of serum amine oxidase with spermidine or spermine. In addition, acrolein is a common environmental pollutant. It causes covalent modifications of proteins, including carbonylation, the production of Michael-type adducts and cross-linking, and it has been associated with inflammation-related diseases. APAL and acrolein are detoxified by aldehyde dehydrogenases and other mechanisms. High-performance liquid chromatography, immunochemistry and mass spectrometry have been largely used to analyze the presence of polyamine-derived aminoaldehydes and protein modifications elicited by their effect. However, the main and still open challenge is to find clues for discovering clear linkages between aldehyde-induced modifications of specific proteins and the development of various diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Review Papers in Analytical Chemistry)
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21 pages, 2531 KiB  
Review
Exploring the Steps of Infrared (IR) Spectral Analysis: Pre-Processing, (Classical) Data Modelling, and Deep Learning
by Azadeh Mokari, Shuxia Guo and Thomas Bocklitz
Molecules 2023, 28(19), 6886; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28196886 - 30 Sep 2023
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 7721
Abstract
Infrared (IR) spectroscopy has greatly improved the ability to study biomedical samples because IR spectroscopy measures how molecules interact with infrared light, providing a measurement of the vibrational states of the molecules. Therefore, the resulting IR spectrum provides a unique vibrational fingerprint of [...] Read more.
Infrared (IR) spectroscopy has greatly improved the ability to study biomedical samples because IR spectroscopy measures how molecules interact with infrared light, providing a measurement of the vibrational states of the molecules. Therefore, the resulting IR spectrum provides a unique vibrational fingerprint of the sample. This characteristic makes IR spectroscopy an invaluable and versatile technology for detecting a wide variety of chemicals and is widely used in biological, chemical, and medical scenarios. These include, but are not limited to, micro-organism identification, clinical diagnosis, and explosive detection. However, IR spectroscopy is susceptible to various interfering factors such as scattering, reflection, and interference, which manifest themselves as baseline, band distortion, and intensity changes in the measured IR spectra. Combined with the absorption information of the molecules of interest, these interferences prevent direct data interpretation based on the Beer–Lambert law. Instead, more advanced data analysis approaches, particularly artificial intelligence (AI)-based algorithms, are required to remove the interfering contributions and, more importantly, to translate the spectral signals into high-level biological/chemical information. This leads to the tasks of spectral pre-processing and data modeling, the main topics of this review. In particular, we will discuss recent developments in both tasks from the perspectives of classical machine learning and deep learning. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Review Papers in Analytical Chemistry)
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