Epidemiology of Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Virology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 September 2025 | Viewed by 2557

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Karolinska Institutet, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Alfred Nobels Allé 8, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden
2. Public Health Agency of Sweden, Nobels väg 18, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
Interests: viral hemorrhagic fevers; bunyavirus; public health; pathogenicity; molecular virology; reverse genetics; host-pathogen relation; innate immunity

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Viral hemorrhagic fevers are caused by viruses that belong to distinct families: arenaviruses, bunyaviruses, filoviruses, flaviviruses, and paramyxoviruses. Rodents and bats have been reported as reservoirs of some of these viruses, which are transmitted either by arthropod vectors, such as ticks and mosquitoes, and/or by direct contact with fluids from infected animals or humans.

Infection can lead to serious febrile illness in humans, with plasma leakage, multi-organ failure, internal and external hemorrhages, etc. These emerging/re-emerging diseases are a serious threat for public health and raise concerns for the future, as there are neither specific treatments nor vaccines against most of them. Indeed, in recent years, we have witnessed an increase in the number of cases and in the geographical propagation of viral hemorrhagic fevers.

In this Special Issue entitled “Epidemiology of Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses”, we are aiming to gather the most recent data on the following:

  • Human outbreaks and cases;
  • Serosurvey in human and reservoirs;
  • Virus strains and evolution;
  • The identification of risk factors associated with disease severity;
  • Transmission cycle between reservoir, vector, and host.

In the aim of providing a global update on viral hemorrhagic fever epidemiology, we would be pleased to consider your original research papers or reviews on the subject.

Dr. Stéphanie Devignot
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • hemorrhagic fever viruses
  • highly pathogenic viruses
  • epidemiology
  • arenavirus
  • bunyavirus
  • filovirus
  • flavivirus
  • paramyxovirus

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 4781 KiB  
Article
Molecular Epidemiology of Dengue Viruses in Lao People’s Democratic Republic, 2020–2023
by Cécile Troupin, Kedkeo Intavong, Somphavanh Somlor, Souksakhone Viengphouthong, Sitsana Keosenhom, Thep Aksone Chindavong, Phaithong Bounmany, Longthor Vachouaxiong, Thonglakhone Xaybounsou, Chittaphone Vanhnollat, Phonepadith Khattignavong, Darouny Phonekeo, Bouaphanh Khamphaphongphane, Phonepadith Xangsayarath, Vincent Lacoste, Philippe Buchy and Gary Wong
Microorganisms 2025, 13(2), 318; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13020318 - 1 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Dengue fever is a widespread mosquito-borne viral disease caused by infections with dengue virus (DENV). Since its initial detection in 1979, the disease has posed a significant public health threat to the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). Surveillance is crucial for understanding [...] Read more.
Dengue fever is a widespread mosquito-borne viral disease caused by infections with dengue virus (DENV). Since its initial detection in 1979, the disease has posed a significant public health threat to the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). Surveillance is crucial for understanding the circulation of DENV in endemic regions and identifying potential hot spots with higher-than-expected case numbers of dengue fever. In this study, we present the results from our surveillance activities in the Lao PDR spanning 2020–2023. While quarantine restrictions from the COVID-19 pandemic posed substantial disruptions to performing DENV surveillance, over 8800 samples were tested during this period, with a positive rate of close to 60%. Cases were reported from all three regions (northern, Central, and southern) of the Lao PDR. Three circulating serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2, and DENV-4) were detected, with DENV-1 dominant in 2021 and 2022, while DENV-2 was dominant in 2020 and 2023. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that the genotypes of DENV-1, DENV-2, and DENV-4 were closely related to corresponding isolates from neighboring countries. These findings provide an update on the nature of DENV cases detected in the Lao PDR and underscore the critical importance of sustaining a robust surveillance network to track infections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology of Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses)
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Review

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15 pages, 1840 KiB  
Review
A Review of the Epidemiology of Lassa Fever in Nigeria
by Danny Asogun, Bosede Arogundade, Faith Unuabonah, Olorunkemi Olugbenro, Joyce Asogun, Fatelyn Aluede and Deborah Ehichioya
Microorganisms 2025, 13(6), 1419; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13061419 - 18 Jun 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 553
Abstract
Lassa fever, a viral hemorrhagic illness that first came into the limelight as a clinical entity in 1969 when it was discovered in Northern Nigeria, is now found in other West African countries such as Sierra Leone, Liberia, Guinea, Togo, and the Benin [...] Read more.
Lassa fever, a viral hemorrhagic illness that first came into the limelight as a clinical entity in 1969 when it was discovered in Northern Nigeria, is now found in other West African countries such as Sierra Leone, Liberia, Guinea, Togo, and the Benin Republic. Over the years, the disease, which is primarily transmitted from contact with infected mastomys rodents to humans, has the capability of secondary human-to-human transmission with significant morbidity and mortality, especially in healthcare settings. The disease is typically characterized by seasonal outbreaks, which peak during the dry season months of December to March. Lassa fever significantly impacts public health and the socioeconomic life of people in affected communities. In Nigeria, the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response Strategy (IDSR), along with other medical countermeasures, have been employed to curtail the impact of the disease in endemic regions of Nigeria and other West Africa countries. The one-health approach to combat the disease is a promising strategy. This, along with the hope of a safe and effective vaccine, is a ray of hope on the horizon for public health authorities in Nigeria and other West African countries that the battle against Lassa fever might indeed end sooner than later. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology of Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses)
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