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A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "D1: Semiconductor Devices".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 September 2022) | Viewed by 21920

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Dr. Zichuan Yi

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Guest Editor

School of Electronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
Interests: photoelectric display; device integration; system driver
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Dr. Qiang Xu

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Guest Editor

Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
Interests: investigating renewable energy materials based on high-throughput computing combined with data analysis methods, i.e., solar cell materials, high capacity battery, and fuel cell materials, etc
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Optoelectronic devices are an important part of the development of science and technology. It plays an indispensable role in the progress of society and industry. At present, optoelectronic devices have been widely used in various fields, such as optical displays, organic solar cells, laser cutting, sensors, etc. In order to adapt to more application scenarios, there are still many research tasks which need to be done for improving the performance of optoelectronic devices. For example, the conversion efficiency of optical displays and solar cells can be improved by optimizing the physical model of optoelectronic devices. In addition, it is also of great significance to study new optoelectronic devices and new application scenarios of optoelectronic devices, which may further improve people's living standards. We would like to invite you to contribute to this special issue through research articles or comments for introducing the latest progress in the field of optoelectronic devices, with special emphasis on its research in displays, optoelectronic sensors, solar devices and lasers, etc. The contributions include the following contents: device simulation, new material research, device preparation, performance improvement, system integration and new applications.

Dr. Zichuan Yi
Dr. Qiang Xu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

displays
optoelectronic sensors
organic solar cell
lasers
device simulation
new optoelectronic materials
device preparation
performance improvement
system integration
new optoelectronic applications

Related Special Issue

Advances in Optoelectronic Devices, 2nd Edition in Micromachines (9 articles)

Published Papers (13 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research

4 pages, 202 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Editorial for the Special Issue on Advances in Optoelectronic Devices

by Zichuan Yi, Hu Zhang, Mouhua Jiang and Jiashuai Wang

Micromachines 2023, 14(3), 652; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14030652 - 14 Mar 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1049

Abstract

Optoelectronic devices are fabricated based on an optoelectronic conversion effect, which is a developing research field of modern optoelectronic technology and microelectronics technology [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Optoelectronic Devices)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

18 pages, 8571 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dynamic Adaptive Display System for Electrowetting Displays Based on Alternating Current and Direct Current

by Shixiao Li, Yijian Xu, Zhiyu Zhan, Pengyuan Du, Linwei Liu, Zikai Li, Huawei Wang and Pengfei Bai

Micromachines 2022, 13(10), 1791; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13101791 - 20 Oct 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1323

Abstract

As a representative of the new reflective display technology, electrowetting display (EWD) technology can be used as a video playback display device due to its fast response characteristics. Direct current (DC) driving brings excellent reflectivity, but static images cannot be displayed continually due to charge trapping, and it can cause afterimages when playing a dynamic video due to contact angle hysteresis. Alternating current (AC) driving brings a good dynamic video refresh ability to EWDs, but that can cause flickers. In this paper, a dynamic adaptive display model based on thin film transistor-electrowetting display (TFT-EWD) was proposed. According to the displayed image content, the TFT-EWD display driver was dynamically adjusted by AC and DC driving models. A DC hybrid driving model was suitable for static image display, which could effectively suppress oil backflow and achieve static image display while ensuring high reflectivity. A source data non-polarized model (SNPM) is an AC driving model which was suitable for dynamic video display and was proposed at the same time. Compared with DC driving, it could obtain smooth display performance with a loss of about 10 absorbance units (A.U.) of reflective luminance, which could solve the flicker problem. With the DC hybrid driving model, the ability to continuously display static images could be obtained with a loss of 2 (A.U.) of luminance. Under the AC driving in SNPM, the reflected luminance was as high as 67 A.U., which was 8 A.U. higher than the source data polarized model (SPM), and it was closer to the reflected luminance under DC driving. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Optoelectronic Devices)

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11 pages, 2832 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Influence of Noise Floor on the Measurement of Laser Linewidth Using Short-Delay-Length Self-Heterodyne/Homodyne Techniques

by Zhongan Zhao, Zhenxu Bai, Duo Jin, Xiaojing Chen, Yaoyao Qi, Jie Ding, Bingzheng Yan, Yulei Wang, Zhiwei Lu and Richard P. Mildren

Micromachines 2022, 13(8), 1311; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13081311 - 13 Aug 2022

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2716

Abstract

Delayed self-heterodyne/homodyne measurements based on an unbalanced interferometer are the most used methods for measuring the linewidth of narrow-linewidth lasers. They typically require the service of a delay of six times (or greater) than the laser coherence time to guarantee the Lorentzian characteristics of the beat notes. Otherwise, the beat notes are displayed as a coherent envelope. The linewidth cannot be directly determined from the coherence envelope. However, measuring narrow linewidths using traditional methods introduces significant errors due to the 1/f frequency noise. Here, a short fiber-based linewidth measurement scheme was proposed, and the influence of the noise floor on the measurement of the laser linewidth using this scheme was studied theoretically and experimentally. The results showed that this solution and calibration process is capable of significantly improving the measurement accuracy of narrow linewidth. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Optoelectronic Devices)

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12 pages, 7354 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Application of High Potential Electrophoretic Particles Modified with High Ionization Mono Ionic Liquid for Electrophoretic Displays

by Zhi Zhang, Yao Wang, Qun Chen, Qingguo Gao, Liming Liu, Jianjun Yang, Xinjian Pan, Yu Miao and Feng Chi

Micromachines 2022, 13(8), 1235; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13081235 - 31 Jul 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1396

Abstract

The electrophoretic display (EPD) has attracted widespread attention due to its great visual perception, energy-saving, portability, and bistability. However, the EPD still has many problems in response time, colorization, etc., which limits its practical application. In this paper, novel blue electrophoretic particles were prepared with copper (II) phthalocyanine and high ionization 1-butyl-1-methyl piperidinium bromide mono ionic liquid. It was shown that electrophoretic particles dispersed in a non-polar tetrachloroethylene medium had high Zeta potential and electrophoretic mobility. At the same time, electrophoretic particles showed better dispersion stability. Finally, the prepared blue electrophoretic particles and white titanium dioxide particles were compounded to prepare blue and white dual-color electrophoretic dispersion. An EPD cell was made to test its performance. The results showed that the prepared blue and white dual-color electrophoretic dispersion could realize a reversible response. Piperidine mono ionic liquid increased the surface potential of copper (II) phthalocyanine from +30.50 mV to +60.27 mV, enhancing it by 97.61%. Therefore, we believed that modifying particles with high ionization mono ionic liquid had great applicability to the modification of electrophoretic particles, and blue particles prepared with piperidine mono ionic liquid as a charge control agent (CCA) were excellent candidates for EPDs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Optoelectronic Devices)

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12 pages, 6494 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Spectral Response of the Dual Microdisk Resonator Based on BaTiO₃ Resistive Random Access Memory

by Ricky Wenkuei Chuang, Bo-Liang Liu and Cheng-Liang Huang

Micromachines 2022, 13(8), 1175; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13081175 - 26 Jul 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1287

Abstract

With the resistive random access memory (ReRAM) devices based on the Al/BaTiO₃ (BTO)/ITO structure fabricated at hand, by cross-analyzing the resistive memory characteristics in terms of various barium titanate (BTO) film thicknesses, it is found that the device with 60 nm thick BTO can be switched more than 425 times, while the corresponding SET/RESET voltage, the on-off ratio, and the retention time are −0.69 V/0.475 V, 10², and more than 10⁴ seconds, respectively. Furthermore, the aforementioned ReRAM with a low switching voltage and low power consumption is further integrated with a waveguide resonator in the form of a dual microdisk aligned in a parallel fashion. As the separation gap between the two microdisks is fixed at 15 μm, the ReRAM-mediated dual disk resonator would render a 180° phase reversal between the spectral outputs of the through-port and drop-port. If the gap is shortened to 10 and 5 μm, the expected phase reversal could also be retrieved due to the selective combinations of different memory states associated with each of the two ReRAM microdisks as witnessed by a series of characterization measurements. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Optoelectronic Devices)

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10 pages, 2476 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Different Pulse Widths on Lattice Temperature Variation of Silicon under the Action of a Picosecond Laser

by Jianjun Yang, Decheng Zhang, Jinye Wei, Lingling Shui, Xinjin Pan, Guangren Lin, Tiande Sun and Yicheng Tang

Micromachines 2022, 13(7), 1119; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13071119 - 15 Jul 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1317

Abstract

In laser processing, due to the short interaction time between an ultrashort pulse laser and silicon, it has been difficult to study the lattice temperature change characteristics of silicon. In this paper, the interaction between a picosecond laser and silicon was studied. Based on the Fokker–Planck equation and two-temperature model (TTM) equation, a simulation model of silicon heating by different pulse-width picosecond lasers was established. The results show that within the range of 15 to 5 ps, the maximum lattice temperature tended to increase first and then decrease with the decreasing pulse width. The watershed was around 7.5 ps. The model error was less than 3.2% when the pulse width was 15 ps and the single pulse energy was 25 μJ. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Optoelectronic Devices)

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14 pages, 4040 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Multi-Electrode Pixel Structure for Quick-Response Electrowetting Displays

by Lixia Tian, Shufa Lai, Taiyuan Zhang, Wei Li, Biao Tang and Guofu Zhou

Micromachines 2022, 13(7), 1103; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13071103 - 14 Jul 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1333

Abstract

A new reflective display technology, the electrowetting display (EWD), has the advantages of high contrast ratio, high reflectivity, and ultralow power consumption. The response speed of EWDs has an important influence on optical performance, and pixel structure is one of the key factors affecting the response speed of EWDs. In order to improve the response speed, a new multi-electrode pixel structure is proposed in this paper. This structure was realized by dividing the pixel into four square-shaped sub-electrodes, and a three-dimensional EWD simulation model was established. In this model, a driving voltage was first applied to one of these sub-electrodes, and the oil was ruptured. Then, its two adjacent sub-electrodes were also supplied with driving voltages, so as to spur the oil to move to a pixel corner quickly. Simulation results showed that the response speed of EWDs can be effectively improved by using the proposed multi-electrode pixel structure. Compared with a single-electrode pixel structure, the oil rupture response time of the multi-electrode pixel structure was advanced by 0.6 ms. The pixel achieved a 2.7 ms faster response time than the single-electrode pixel for reaching a 50% aperture ratio in an opening process, and the maximum aperture ratio was increased by 6.2%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Optoelectronic Devices)

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9 pages, 4036 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hybrid Nanowire–Rectangular Plasmonic Waveguide for Subwavelength Confinement at 1550 Nm

by Yindi Wang, Hongxia Liu, Shulong Wang and Ming Cai

Micromachines 2022, 13(7), 1009; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13071009 - 26 Jun 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1258

Abstract

This paper presents a hybrid waveguide based on metal surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) at 1550 nm comprising two silver (Ag) nanowires and a rectangular silicon (Si) waveguide. Due to the strong coupling effect observed in both the metal SPP mode and Si waveguide mode, excellent waveguide characteristics, such as a small effective modal area and long transmission length, could be achieved. The research results revealed that the proposed hybrid waveguide could achieve an ultra-long transmission distance of 270 µm and normalized effective mode area of 0.01. Furthermore, the cross-sectional size of the waveguide was 500 nm × 500 nm, which helped in achieving a subwavelength size. In addition, the hybrid waveguide was resistant to manufacturing errors. These excellent performances indicate that the proposed waveguide has great application potential in optoelectronic integrated circuits. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Optoelectronic Devices)

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16 pages, 3713 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Optoelectronic Enhancement of Perovskite Solar Cells through the Incorporation of Plasmonic Particles

by Mohamed Salleh Mohamed Saheed, Norani Muti Mohamed, Balbir Singh Mahinder Singh, Mohamed Shuaib Mohamed Saheed and Rajan Jose

Micromachines 2022, 13(7), 999; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13070999 - 25 Jun 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1419

Abstract

The optoelectronic advantages of anchoring plasmonic silver and copper particles and non-plasmonic titanium particles onto zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoflower (NF) scaffolds for the fabrication of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are addressed in this article. The metallic particles were sputter-deposited as a function of sputtering time to vary their size on solution-grown ZnO NFs on which methylammonium lead iodide perovskite was crystallized in a controlled environment. Optical absorption measurements showed impressive improvements in the light-harvesting efficiency (LHE) of the devices using silver nanoparticles and some concentrations of copper, whereas the LHE was relatively lower in devices used titanium than in a control device without any metallic particles. Fully functional PSCs were fabricated using the plasmonic and non-plasmonic metallic film-decorated ZnO NFs. Several fold enhancements in photoconversion efficiency were achieved in the silver-containing devices compared with the control device, which was accompanied by an increase in the photocurrent density, photovoltage, and fill factor. To understand the plasmonic effects in the photoanode, the LHE, photo-current density, photovoltage, photoluminescence, incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency, and electrochemical impedance properties were thoroughly investigated. This research showcases the efficacy of the addition of plasmonic particles onto photo anodes, which leads to improved light scattering, better charge separation, and reduced electron–hole recombination rate. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Optoelectronic Devices)

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16 pages, 4673 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Toward Suppressing Oil Backflow Based on a Combined Driving Waveform for Electrowetting Displays

by Zhengxing Long, Zichuan Yi, Hu Zhang, Jinpu Lv, Liming Liu, Feng Chi, Lingling Shui and Chongfu Zhang

Micromachines 2022, 13(6), 948; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13060948 - 15 Jun 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1481

Abstract

Electrowetting display (EWD) is a new type of paper-like reflective display based on colored oil, which has gradually become one of the most potential electronic papers with low power consumption, fast response, and full color. However, oil backflow can occur in EWDs, which makes it difficult to maintain a stable aperture ratio. In order to improve the stability of the aperture ratio of EWDs, a new driving waveform was proposed based on analyzing the phenomenon of oil backflow. The driving waveform was composed of a shrinking stage and a driving stage. Firstly, a threshold voltage of oil splitting was calculated by analyzing the luminance curve of EWDs, which were driven by different direct current (DC) voltages. Then, an exponential function waveform, which increased from the threshold voltage, was applied to suppress oil splitting. Finally, a periodic signal combined with a reset signal with a DC signal was applied during the driving stage to maintain a stable aperture ratio display. Experimental results showed that the charge trapping effect could be effectively prevented by the proposed driving waveform. Compared with an exponential function waveform, the average luminance value was increased by 28.29%, and the grayscale stability was increased by 13.76%. Compared to a linear function waveform, the aperture ratio was increased by 10.44% and the response time was reduced by 20.27%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Optoelectronic Devices)

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7 pages, 3773 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Polymer/Silica Hybrid Waveguide Thermo-Optic VOA Covering O-Band

by Yuexin Yin, Mengke Yao, Yingzhi Ding, Xinru Xu, Yue Li, Yuanda Wu and Daming Zhang

Micromachines 2022, 13(4), 511; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13040511 - 25 Mar 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1859

Abstract

In this paper, a polymer/silica hybrid waveguide thermo-optic variable optical attenuator (VOA), covering the O-band, is demonstrated. The switch is fabricated by simple and low-cost direct ultraviolet (UV) lithography. The multimode interferences (MMIs) used in the Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI)-VOA are well optimized to realize low loss and large bandwidth. The VOA shows an extinction ratio (ER) of 18.64 dB at 1310 nm, with a power consumption of 8.72 mW. The attenuation is larger than 6.99 dB over the O-band. The rise and fall time of the VOA are 184 μs and 180 μs, respectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Optoelectronic Devices)

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9 pages, 2681 KiB

Open AccessArticle

High-Production-Rate Fabrication of Low-Loss Lithium Niobate Electro-Optic Modulators Using Photolithography Assisted Chemo-Mechanical Etching (PLACE)

by Rongbo Wu, Lang Gao, Youting Liang, Yong Zheng, Junxia Zhou, Hongxin Qi, Difeng Yin, Min Wang, Zhiwei Fang and Ya Cheng

Micromachines 2022, 13(3), 378; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13030378 - 26 Feb 2022

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 2906

Abstract

Integrated thin-film lithium niobate (LN) electro-optic (EO) modulators of broad bandwidth, low insertion loss, low cost and high production rate are essential elements in contemporary interconnection industries and disruptive applications. Here, we demonstrated the design and fabrication of a high performance thin-film LN EO modulator using photolithography assisted chemo-mechanical etching (PLACE) technology. Our device shows a 3-dB bandwidth over 50 GHz, along with a comparable low half wave voltage-length product of 2.16 Vcm and a fiber-to-fiber insertion loss of 2.6 dB. The PLACE technology supports large footprint, high fabrication uniformity, competitive production rate and extreme low device optical loss simultaneously, our result shows promising potential for developing high-performance large-scale low-loss photonic integrated devices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Optoelectronic Devices)

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11 pages, 3899 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Red Ghost Image Elimination Method Based on Driving Waveform Design in Three-Color Electrophoretic Displays

by Li Wang, Wenjun Zeng, Zhuopei Liang and Guofu Zhou

Micromachines 2022, 13(2), 275; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13020275 - 8 Feb 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1492

Abstract

Three-color electrophoretic displays (EPDs) are a new type of optoelectronic display device. However, they have the defect of red ghost images during gray scale transformation, which affects the accuracy of the gray scale display. In this paper, we proposed a new driving method for eliminating the red ghost images. A driving waveform was composed of an erasing stage, an activation stage, and a driving stage. First, the erasing stage was subdivided into a red erasing stage and an original erasing stage, the red erasing stage was used to eliminate residual red particles in the top of the microcapsules. Then, a high-frequency square wave was used as the activation stage for increasing the activity of the black and white particles. Meanwhile, the intensity of flickers could be decreased by the high-frequency square wave. Finally, the performance of the driving waveform was tested by a colorimeter. The experimental results showed that the driving waveform could effectively eliminate red ghost images by 80.43% and reduce the flicker intensity by 79.63%, compared with an existing driving waveform. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Optoelectronic Devices)

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