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Metals
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Advances in Metal-Based Biomedical Materials: Composition Design and Surface Modification
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Advances in Metal-Based Biomedical Materials: Composition Design and Surface Modification

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Biobased and Biodegradable Metals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 8023

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Erlin Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
Interests: metallic biomaterials; antibacterial metal alloy; biodegradable metal alloy; titanium alloy for biomedical application; surface biomodification of metal alloy for biomedical application; antibacterial titanium alloy; magnesium alloy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Metal-based biomedical materials are an important type of biomaterials in clinical applications. The selection of suitable biomaterials depends on their properties, which include biocompatibility, bio-functionality, tribological properties, mechanical properties and surface bioactivity. Different metallic biomaterials obtained by composition design and surface modifications have been utilized for implants according to their different applications.

Composition design plays a very important role in the development of metal-based biomedical materials. For instance, chromium used in stainless steel could improve corrosion resistance. Silver and copper are normally alloying elements with regard to the development of antibacterial alloys, whereas nickel can cause allergic reactions.

In addition, the surface modification of metal alloys can change the surface physical and chemical properties, which in turn influences the surface compatibility and bioactivity.

The submissions to this Special Issue should focus on variations in properties and influencing mechanisms according to different composition designs or surface modifications. This Special Issue aims to show readers the most up-to-date research on composition design and surface modifications in the development of metal-based biomaterials.

Prof. Dr. Erlin Zhang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biometallic materials, including stainless steel and titanium alloys, as well as cobalt, magnesium, zinc and iron alloys, etc.
  • biomedical materials
  • composition design
  • surface modifications
  • corrosion properties
  • biocompatibility and bioactivity
  • biomedical applications

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 23580 KiB  
Article
Effect of Ag and Cu Content on the Properties of Zn-Ag-Cu-0.05Mg Alloys
by Gloria Jara-Chávez, Adrián Amaro-Villeda, Bernardo Campillo-Illanes, Marco Ramírez-Argáez and Carlos González-Rivera
Metals 2024, 14(7), 740; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14070740 - 21 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 781
Abstract
Zn-Ag-Cu alloys have recently attracted attention as alloy candidates for biomedical applications, but, to date, they have not achieved the required mechanical properties. To improve the mechanical properties of Zn-Ag-Cu-base alloys, in this work, the effects of the presence of increasing amounts of [...] Read more.
Zn-Ag-Cu alloys have recently attracted attention as alloy candidates for biomedical applications, but, to date, they have not achieved the required mechanical properties. To improve the mechanical properties of Zn-Ag-Cu-base alloys, in this work, the effects of the presence of increasing amounts of Ag and Cu as alloying elements on the properties of four 0.05% Mg-micro-alloyed Zn-Ag-Cu base alloys are explored. The alloys were manufactured in an electric furnace with a protective atmosphere using increasing amounts of Ag and Cu as alloying agents, and were cast in a metallic mold. The samples obtained were thermomechanically processed by hot extrusion. Three of the four alloys under study presented increasing amounts of the second phase (Ag, Cu)Zn4, high mechanical properties, a microstructure and mechanical behavior characteristic of heteromaterials with a heterogeneous lamella-structure, and met the requirements of the mechanical properties, corrosion rate, antibacterial properties against S. aureus, and the cytotoxicity required for biomedical applications. It seems possible to tune the properties of the ZnAgCu-0.05% Mg alloys by changing the Ag and Cu contents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Metal-Based Biomedical Materials: Composition Design and Surface Modification)
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18 pages, 11237 KiB  
Article
Superficial Modification of the Mg–Zn Biomaterials via Ion Nitriding for Biomedical Applications
by Sergio Gonzaga, Arturo Molina, Rene Guardian, Horacio Martínez, Edna Vázquez-Vélez and Eduardo Lira-Díaz
Metals 2024, 14(2), 203; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14020203 - 6 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1038
Abstract
In the present work, the powder metallurgy (PM) technique was used to synthesize biocompatible alloys Mg95–Zn5, Mg90–Zn10, and Mg85–Zn15 (wt %) under an argon atmosphere that employed stainless-steel vessels and spheres with a milling treatment of 360 rpm during 15 h. The obtained [...] Read more.
In the present work, the powder metallurgy (PM) technique was used to synthesize biocompatible alloys Mg95–Zn5, Mg90–Zn10, and Mg85–Zn15 (wt %) under an argon atmosphere that employed stainless-steel vessels and spheres with a milling treatment of 360 rpm during 15 h. The obtained powder was consolidated through a sintering process for subsequent ion nitriding treatment to increase its corrosion resistance and hardness. The synthesized alloys analyzed by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed a reduction in particle size with increasing grinding time. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed the formation of a MgZn intermetallic phase and, furthermore, that no impurities were found during the grinding process. The surface-modified Mg–Zn alloys showed some improvement in terms of corrosion (Ecorr 26% and Icorr 13%) and microhardness (HV 40%) compared to Mg. Cytotoxicity evaluation was conducted via an MTT ((3-(4,5-DIMETHYLTHIAZOL-2-YL)-2,5-DIPHENYLTETRAZOLIUM BROMIDE)) assay, which revealed that the Mg–Zn alloys and nitrided samples did not exhibit cytotoxicity towards fibroblast cells after 96 h. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Metal-Based Biomedical Materials: Composition Design and Surface Modification)
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17 pages, 7383 KiB  
Article
Surface Morphology and Human MG-63 Osteoblasic Cell Line Response of 316L Stainless Steel after Various Surface Treatments
by Vincent K. S. Hsiao, Yan-Cheng Lin, Hsi-Chin Wu and Tair-I Wu
Metals 2023, 13(10), 1739; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13101739 - 13 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1881
Abstract
In this study, the effects of three distinct surface treatment techniques on 316L stainless steel were investigated: low-temperature immersion corrosion, shot peening followed by immersion corrosion, and electrochemical corrosion. These techniques were selected with a focus on their potential implications for biomedical implant [...] Read more.
In this study, the effects of three distinct surface treatment techniques on 316L stainless steel were investigated: low-temperature immersion corrosion, shot peening followed by immersion corrosion, and electrochemical corrosion. These techniques were selected with a focus on their potential implications for biomedical implant applications, as research gaps persist in understanding the influence of these treatments. A comprehensive examination of surface alterations was conducted using scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and α-step thin-film thickness profiling. Furthermore, human MG-63 osteoblastic cell line adhesion was evaluated using Liu’s stain and metallographic optical microscopy. Notable differences in cell-adhesion behavior based on the chosen surface treatment methods were observed. Specifically, weak cell adhesion was observed after low-temperature immersion and shot peening followed by immersion corrosion. In contrast, electrochemical corrosion, especially when conducted with a high current density and low corrosive-solution concentration, resulted in a uniformly corroded surface, which, in turn, promoted dense cell adhesion. Porous oxide layers were generated using all three techniques, but the efficacy of shot peening (applied at 1 kg/cm2 for 20 s) and electrochemical corrosion (using 0.5 M HCl) as promising processes were highlighted by our experimental results. Uniformly dense corrosion pits were produced through electrochemical corrosion, while semicircular grooves with small corrosion pits were the result of shot peening, both of which were found to be favorable for cell adhesion. The superior cell adhesion observed with electrochemical corrosion further emphasizes its suitability for biomedical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Metal-Based Biomedical Materials: Composition Design and Surface Modification)
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13 pages, 5338 KiB  
Article
Development of Zn–Mg–Ca Biodegradable Dual-Phase Alloys
by Koji Hagihara, Shuhei Shakudo, Toko Tokunaga and Takayoshi Nakano
Metals 2023, 13(6), 1095; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13061095 - 9 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1527
Abstract
In this paper, in order to achieve the development of a novel biodegradable dual-phase alloy in a Ca–Mg–Zn system, the establishment of the control strategy of degradation behavior of alloys composed of two phases was attempted by the control of alloy composition, constituent [...] Read more.
In this paper, in order to achieve the development of a novel biodegradable dual-phase alloy in a Ca–Mg–Zn system, the establishment of the control strategy of degradation behavior of alloys composed of two phases was attempted by the control of alloy composition, constituent phases, and microstructure. By combining two phases with different dissolution behavior, biodegradable alloys are expected to exhibit multiple functions. For example, combining a suitable slow dissolving phase with a faster dissolving second phase may allow for dynamical concavities formation during immersion on the surface of the alloy, assisting the invasion and establishment of bone cells. Without the careful control of the microstructure, however, there is a risk that such dual-phase alloy rapidly collapses before the healing of the affected area. In this study, ten two-phase alloys consisting of various different phases were prepared and their degradation behaviors were examined. Consequently, it was found that by combining the IM3 and IM1 intermetallic phases with the compositions of Ca2Mg5Zn13 and Ca3Mg4.6Zn10.4, the expected degradation behavior can be obtained. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Metal-Based Biomedical Materials: Composition Design and Surface Modification)
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16 pages, 6494 KiB  
Article
Synergistic Effect of Ni and Cu on the Microstructure, Corrosion Properties and Mechanical Properties of As-Cast Biomedical Co-Based Alloy
by Ruoxian Wang and Erlin Zhang
Metals 2022, 12(8), 1322; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12081322 - 6 Aug 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1961
Abstract
The microstructure, phase component, corrosion resistance, microhardness, and mechanical property of the as-cast CoCrW-(0~5)Ni-(1~4)Cu alloys were investigated to reveal the synergistic effect of Ni and Cu by using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, microhardness tests, and compression tests. The alloys [...] Read more.
The microstructure, phase component, corrosion resistance, microhardness, and mechanical property of the as-cast CoCrW-(0~5)Ni-(1~4)Cu alloys were investigated to reveal the synergistic effect of Ni and Cu by using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, microhardness tests, and compression tests. The alloys exhibited coarse grains consisting of dendritic substructures. No precipitate was observed in the alloys, but dendritic segregation of Cu in the interdendritic regions and grain boundaries was observed. The phase component of all alloys consists of γ phase and ε phase; the ε phase fraction decreased with increasing Ni or Cu content. The corrosion resistance of these alloys decreased with increasing Cu content when the Cu content was greater than 1 wt.%. The addition of Cu or Ni reduced the hardness significantly. The compressive yield strength showed an increasing tendency with increasing Cu content, but the influence of Ni content on compressive yield strength was limited. The results demonstrated that it should be feasible to fabricate a new biomedical CoCrWNiCu alloy by regulating Ni and Cu content, which should be a new development direction of Co-based alloy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Metal-Based Biomedical Materials: Composition Design and Surface Modification)
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