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Metals
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Electrical Steels
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Electrical Steels

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2026 | Viewed by 1411

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Li Xiang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Interests: electrical steels
Prof. Dr. Haitao Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
Interests: lectrical steels; stainless steels; advanced high-strength steels; strip casting; hot/cold rolling; thermomechanical processing; texture; strengthening and toughening; magnetic properties
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the rapid development of energy technologies and the power electronics industry, electrical steel has played an increasingly important role as one of the most widely used soft magnetic materials. To promote in-depth research and technological advancement in this field, this Special Issue focuses on the latest scientific findings and technical progress related to grain-oriented electrical steel, non-oriented electrical steel, and other specialized types of electrical steel. We invite researchers and engineering professionals working in related fields to contribute and share their work.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Fundamental studies on grain-oriented, non-oriented, and specialized electrical steels, including investigations into microstructure, texture, inclusions, and magnetic properties;
  • Research on new products, processes, and technologies for electrical steel;
  • Optimization of processing equipment for electrical steel, as well as system integration and performance evaluation in key applications such as motors and transformers.

We look forward to your high-quality contributions, which will support innovation and industrial advancement in electrical steel technologies.

Prof. Dr. Li Xiang
Prof. Dr. Haitao Liu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • grain-oriented electrical steel
  • non-oriented electrical steel
  • specialized electrical steel
  • magnetic properties
  • processing
  • equipment

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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13 pages, 10565 KB  
Article
Effect of Annealing Temperature on Microstructure, Texture, and Magnetic Properties of Non-Oriented Silicon Steel for Electric Vehicle Traction Motors
by Shaoyang Chu, Li Xiang, Feihu Guo and Shengtao Qiu
Metals 2025, 15(11), 1235; https://doi.org/10.3390/met15111235 - 10 Nov 2025
Viewed by 406
Abstract
Improving the efficiency of electric vehicle traction motors requires non-oriented silicon steels with low core loss and favorable magnetic induction. This study aims to clarify the influence of annealing temperature on the microstructure, texture, and magnetic properties of a 3.2%Si–0.9%Al steel, providing guidance [...] Read more.
Improving the efficiency of electric vehicle traction motors requires non-oriented silicon steels with low core loss and favorable magnetic induction. This study aims to clarify the influence of annealing temperature on the microstructure, texture, and magnetic properties of a 3.2%Si–0.9%Al steel, providing guidance for process optimization. Optical metallography, X-ray diffraction, and electron backscatter diffraction were employed to characterize the evolution. Recrystallization was completed between 620 °C and 720 °C, during which fine recrystallized grains replaced the deformed structure, accompanied by the nucleation of {111}<112> and {114}<481> grains. With further annealing from 850 °C to 1050 °C, grain growth occurred, resulting in an α*-fiber texture dominated by {114}<481>. The fraction of high-angle {114}<481> grains increased, while low-angle {111}<112> grains decreased. This microstructural evolution significantly influenced the magnetic properties of non-oriented electrical steel. The P1.5/50 and P1.0/400 core losses reached minimum values of 2.02 W/kg and 16.48 W/kg at 1010 °C and 930 °C, respectively, while B50 decreased slightly from 1.670 T to 1.652 T. These findings indicate that precise control of the annealing temperature is an effective strategy to tailor microstructure and texture, thereby optimizing the magnetic properties of non-oriented electrical steel. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrical Steels)
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15 pages, 3956 KB  
Article
Novel Alloy Designed Electrical Steel for Improved Performance in High-Frequency Electric Machines
by Carl Slater, Xiyun Ma, Gwendal Lagorce, Juliette Soulard and Claire Davis
Metals 2025, 15(10), 1066; https://doi.org/10.3390/met15101066 - 23 Sep 2025
Viewed by 669
Abstract
The increase in electrification and desire for greater electrical motor efficiency under a range of operating conditions for different products (e.g., household appliances, automotive and aerospace) is driving innovative motor designs and demands for higher performing electrical steels. Improvements in the magnetic, electrical [...] Read more.
The increase in electrification and desire for greater electrical motor efficiency under a range of operating conditions for different products (e.g., household appliances, automotive and aerospace) is driving innovative motor designs and demands for higher performing electrical steels. Improvements in the magnetic, electrical and/or mechanical properties of electrical steels are required for high-volume electric motors and recent advances include steels with increased silicon (Si) content (from <3.5 wt% Si up to 6.5 wt%). Whilst the 6.5 wt% Si steels provide increased motor performance at high frequencies, the formation of a brittle BCC B2/D03 phase means that they cannot be cold-rolled, and therefore the production route involves siliconization after the required thickness strip is produced. The advances in computationally driven alloy design, coupled with physical metallurgical understanding, allow for more adventurous alloy design for electrical steels, outside the traditional predominantly Fe-Si compositional space. Two alloys representing a new alloy family called HiPPES (High-Performing and Processable Electrical Steel), based on low cost commonly used steel alloying elements, have been developed, cast, rolled, heat-treated, and both magnetically and mechanically tested. These alloys (with nominal compositions of Fe-3.2Mn-3.61Si-0.63Ni-0.75Cr-0.15Al-0.4Mo and Fe-2Mn-4.5Si-0.4Ni-0.75Cr-0.09Al) offer improvements compared to current ≈3 wt% Si grades: in magnetic performance (>25% magnetic loss reduction at >1 kHz), and in tensile strength (>33% increase in tensile strength with similar elongation value). Most importantly, they are maintaining processability to allow for full-scale commercial production using traditional continuous casting, hot and cold rolling, and annealing. The new alloys also showed improved resilience to grain size, with the HiPPES materials showing a <5% variance in loss at frequencies greater than 400 Hz for grain sizes between 55 and 180 µm. Comparatively, a commercial M250-35A material showed a 40% increase in loss for the same range. The paper reports on the alloy design approach used, the microstructures, and the mechanical, electrical and magnetic properties of the developed novel electrical steels compared to conventional ≈3 wt% Si and 6.5 wt% Si material. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrical Steels)
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