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Processing, Microstructure and Property Relationships in Advanced Manufacturing of Alloys
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Processing, Microstructure and Property Relationships in Advanced Manufacturing of Alloys

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Metals and Alloys".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2022) | Viewed by 20832

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Yong-Cheng Lin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Interests: alloys; intelligent manufacturing processing; heat treatment; microstructure; deformation mechanisms; properties
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Because of their excellent properties, high-performance alloys are being widely used to manufacture critical components or parts in various industries. Usually, the hot forming process, including forging, extrusion, rolling, spinning, and some other advanced technologies, is required for the manufacture of critical components. In the hot forming process, materials often undergo a series of plastic deformation. The hot forming parameters, including strain rate, strain, and deformation temperature, greatly impact the hot deformation behavior and deformation mechanisms of alloys. Meanwhile, complex microstructure evolution is induced, which greatly affects the properties of components. In order to further optimize the microstructures and properties, heat treatment of the hot formed components is a necessary procedure. Thus, it is of great importance to investigate the processing–microstructure–property relationships in advanced manufacturing of alloys.

It is my pleasure to invite you to submit research articles and review papers to this Special Issue on advanced forming technologies and heat treatments of aluminum alloys, nickel-based superalloys, titanium alloys, and magnesium alloys as well as their components. I believe that this Special Issue can inspire many scientists who have been pursuing greater understanding of the processing–microstructure–property relationships in the advanced manufacturing of alloys.

Prof. Dr. Yong-Cheng Lin
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • alloys
  • manufacturing processing
  • heat treatment
  • microstructure
  • deformation mechanisms
  • properties

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 4400 KiB  
Article
Method of Data Selection for Turning of Inconel 718 Alloy Obtained by Casting and Laser Sintering Powder
by Ksenia Latosińska, Grzegorz Struzikiewicz and Wojciech Zębala
Materials 2022, 15(4), 1448; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15041448 - 15 Feb 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1867
Abstract
This article focuses on the issues related to the machining of DMLS (Direct Metal Laser Sintering) laser sintered parts made of Inconel 718 alloy. Longitudinal turning with CBN (cubic boron nitride) tool inserts is analyzed. The authors made an attempt to establish a [...] Read more.
This article focuses on the issues related to the machining of DMLS (Direct Metal Laser Sintering) laser sintered parts made of Inconel 718 alloy. Longitudinal turning with CBN (cubic boron nitride) tool inserts is analyzed. The authors made an attempt to establish a procedure to find the optimal finishing cutting parameters while minimizing the specific cutting force and taking into account the machined surface quality criterion. During experiments the influence of cutting data on the values of cutting force and specific cutting force were performed. Moreover, the results of measurements of surface roughness parameters and the results of analysis of chip form are presented as well. Cast Inconel 718 has also been tested for comparative purposes. The variability of the material’s hardening state during machining was found, as well as the variability of the specific cutting force value as a function of the cross-sectional shape of the cutting layer. The values of all components of the total cutting force for turning the material obtained by the additive method are lower than for turning the cast material by approximately 32%. At the end of the article, the authors present an application of the proposed optimization algorithm. It was established that by changing the cross-section shape of the cutting layer, it was possible to perform the turning process at a specific cutting force value of 22% less, which is achieved by reducing the cross-section size. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processing, Microstructure and Property Relationships in Advanced Manufacturing of Alloys)
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19 pages, 11812 KiB  
Article
Energy Absorbing Properties Analysis of Layers Structure of Titanium Alloy Ti6Al4V during Dynamic Impact Loading Tests
by Dominik Głowacki, Wojciech Moćko, Michał Marczak, Anna Głowacka and Cezary Kraśkiewicz
Materials 2021, 14(23), 7209; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14237209 - 26 Nov 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2592
Abstract
This paper presents the testing methodology of specimens made of layers of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V in dynamic impact loading conditions. Tests were carried out using a drop-weight impact tower. The test methodology allowed us to record parameters as displacement or force. Based on [...] Read more.
This paper presents the testing methodology of specimens made of layers of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V in dynamic impact loading conditions. Tests were carried out using a drop-weight impact tower. The test methodology allowed us to record parameters as displacement or force. Based on recorded data, force and absorbed energy curves during plastic deformation and sheet perforation were created. The characteristics of the fractures were also analyzed. The impact test simulation was carried out in the ABAQUS/Explicit environment. Results for one, two, and three layers of titanium alloy were compared. The increase in force required to initialize the damage and the absorbed energy during plastic deformation can be observed with an increase in the number of layers. The increase in absorbed energy is close to linear. In the simulation process, parameters such as Huber–Mises–Hencky stress value, equivalent plastic strain, temperature increase, and stress triaxiality were analyzed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processing, Microstructure and Property Relationships in Advanced Manufacturing of Alloys)
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12 pages, 2802 KiB  
Article
Electrical Resistivity and Tensile Strength Relationship in Heat-Treated All Aluminum Alloy Wire Conductors
by Nidal Alshwawreh, Baider Alhamarneh, Qutaiba Altwarah, Shamel Quandour, Shadi Barghout and Osama Ayasrah
Materials 2021, 14(19), 5738; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14195738 - 1 Oct 2021
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 6364
Abstract
Thermal processing of all aluminum alloy conductors (AAAC) is an important step that is performed to enhance the electrical and mechanical properties after the drawing process. In these 6xxx alloys, mechanical strength and electrical conductivity are normally two mutually exclusive properties. With the [...] Read more.
Thermal processing of all aluminum alloy conductors (AAAC) is an important step that is performed to enhance the electrical and mechanical properties after the drawing process. In these 6xxx alloys, mechanical strength and electrical conductivity are normally two mutually exclusive properties. With the increased demand for high performance power conductors, it is important to understand and control microstructural evolution processes (e.g., recovery and the formation of nanoscale precipitates) in these alloys for better electrical and mechanical characteristics. In this study, heat treatment was performed on as-drawn 6201 AAAC wire conductors. The variations in tensile strength and electrical resistivity were quantitatively studied as a function of both the treatment temperature and holding time. Two wire diameters commonly used in the manufacturing of medium and high voltage power cables were used: 1.7 mm and 3.5 mm. From the obtained data, significant changes in the electrical resistivity and tensile strength were observed with increasing the treatment time. For both wire diameters, it was observed that the correlation between strength and resistivity can be described by a simple exponential relationship. This link could be useful in predicting mechanical strength by monitoring electrical resistivity variations during industrial heat treatment of AAAC wire conductors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processing, Microstructure and Property Relationships in Advanced Manufacturing of Alloys)
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17 pages, 9888 KiB  
Article
Effect of Al2Ca Addition and Heat Treatment on the Microstructure Modification and Tensile Properties of Hypo-Eutectic Al–Mg–Si Alloys
by Abdul Wahid Shah, Seong-Ho Ha, Bong-Hwan Kim, Young-Ok Yoon, Hyun-Kyu Lim and Shae K. Kim
Materials 2021, 14(16), 4588; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14164588 - 16 Aug 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2114
Abstract
The current study investigated the microstructure modification in Al–6Mg–5Si–0.15Ti alloy (in mass %) through the minor addition of Ca using Mg + Al2Ca master alloy and heat treatment to see their impact on mechanical properties. The microstructure of unmodified alloy (without [...] Read more.
The current study investigated the microstructure modification in Al–6Mg–5Si–0.15Ti alloy (in mass %) through the minor addition of Ca using Mg + Al2Ca master alloy and heat treatment to see their impact on mechanical properties. The microstructure of unmodified alloy (without Ca) consisted of primary Al, primary Mg2Si, binary eutectic Al–Mg2Si, ternary eutectic Al–Mg2Si–Si, and iron-bearing phases. The addition of 0.05 wt% Ca resulted in significant microstructure refinement. In addition to refinement, lamellar to fibrous-type modification of binary eutectic Al–Mg2Si phases was also achieved in Ca-added (modified) alloy. This modification was related to increasing Ca-based intermetallics/compounds in the modified alloy that acted as nucleation sites for binary eutectic Al–Mg2Si phases. The dendritic refinement with Ca addition was related to the fact that it improves the efficacy of Ti-based particles (TiAl3 and TiB2) in the melt to act as nucleation sites. In contrast, the occupation of oxide bifilms by Ca-based phases is expected to force the iron-bearing phases (as iron-bearing phases nucleate at oxide films) to solidify at lower temperatures, thus reducing their size. The as-cast microstructure of these alloys was further modified by subjecting them to solution treatment at 540 °C for 6 h, which broke the eutectic structure and redistributed Mg2Si and Si phases in Al-matrix. Subsequent aging treatment caused a dramatic increase in the tensile strength of these alloys, and tensile strength of 291 MPa (with El% of 0.45%) and 327 MPa (with El% of 0.76%) was achieved for the unmodified alloy and modified alloy, respectively. Higher tensile strength and elongation of the modified alloy than unmodified alloy was attributed to refined dendritic structure and modified second phases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processing, Microstructure and Property Relationships in Advanced Manufacturing of Alloys)
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14 pages, 4996 KiB  
Article
Creation of AlSi12 Alloy Coating by Centrifugal Induction Surfacing with the Addition of Low-Melting Metals
by Aleksander I. Komarov, Lesław Kyzioł, Dmitry V. Orda, Donata O. Iskandarova, Igor A. Sosnovskiy, Artem A. Kurilyonok and Daria Żuk
Materials 2021, 14(13), 3555; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14133555 - 25 Jun 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2017
Abstract
This paper investigates the structure and mechanical characteristics of a coating based on an AlSi12 alloy, obtained by centrifugal induction surfacing as an alternative to a bronze sliding bearing. To provide for the adhesion of an aluminum layer to the inner surface of [...] Read more.
This paper investigates the structure and mechanical characteristics of a coating based on an AlSi12 alloy, obtained by centrifugal induction surfacing as an alternative to a bronze sliding bearing. To provide for the adhesion of an aluminum layer to the inner surface of a steel bearing housing, a sublayer of low-melting metals was formed, while the formation of the main layer and the sublayer was done in a single processing cycle. The low-melting metals had higher density, which ensured that the sublayer was created at the interface with the steel bearing housing under the action of centrifugal forces. It is shown that the low-melting sublayer forms a strong bond both with the aluminum alloy and with the steel base. Lead and tin are used as low-melting additives. It has been established that lead or tin used in a sublayer are indirectly involved in the structural formation of boundary layers of steel and aluminum claddings, acting as a medium for diffuse mass transfer. Thus, lead is not included in the composition of the main coating and does not change the chemical composition of the aluminum layer. After the addition of tin, the aluminum develops a dendritic structure, with tin captured in the interdendritic space. In this case, the deposited layer is saturated with iron with the formation of intermetallic (Fe, Al, Si) compounds, both at the interface and in the coating volume. This paper offers an explanation of the mechanism through which Pb and Sn act on the structure formation of the coating, and on the boundary layer of the steel bearing housing. Tribological tests have shown that the resulting materials are a promising option for plain bearings and highly competitive with the CuSn10P bronze. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processing, Microstructure and Property Relationships in Advanced Manufacturing of Alloys)
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16 pages, 5948 KiB  
Article
Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of a Wire-Arc Additive Manufactured Austenitic Stainless Steel: Effect of Processing Parameter
by Ping Long, Dongxu Wen, Jie Min, Zhizhen Zheng, Jianjun Li and Yanxing Liu
Materials 2021, 14(7), 1681; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14071681 - 29 Mar 2021
Cited by 32 | Viewed by 4122
Abstract
Two single track multi-layer walls with linear energy inputs (LEIs) of 219 and 590 J/mm were deposited by cold metal transfer-based wire arc additive manufacturing system. Combined with the X-ray diffraction technique, scanning electron microscope and uniaxial tensile tests, the influences of LEI [...] Read more.
Two single track multi-layer walls with linear energy inputs (LEIs) of 219 and 590 J/mm were deposited by cold metal transfer-based wire arc additive manufacturing system. Combined with the X-ray diffraction technique, scanning electron microscope and uniaxial tensile tests, the influences of LEI and cooling rate (CR) on the microstructure evolution, mechanical properties and fracture mechanisms of the studied steel are analyzed. It is observed that the microstructures of the studied steel are mainly composed of δ-ferrite and austenite dendrites. σ phase is formed on the δferrite–austenite interface under low CR. Meanwhile, the primary dendrites’ spacing decreases with the decrease in LEI or the increase in CR, and the maximal primary dendrites’ spacing is 32 μm. The values of elongation to fracture roughly decline with the decrease in LEI or the increase in CR, but the variations of ultimate tensile strength and yield stress show an opposite trend. In addition, the mesoscopic damages in the studied steel under low LEI are mainly caused by the coalescence of pores. While under high LEI, the cracks are induced by the dislocations piling up around δ-ferrite. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processing, Microstructure and Property Relationships in Advanced Manufacturing of Alloys)
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