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Low-Dimensional Carbon Nanostructures and Their Applications in Advanced Composite Materials and Devices

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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Carbon Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 August 2022) | Viewed by 26209

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Ondřej Jankovský

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Guest Editor

Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
Interests: inorganic chemistry; composites; graphene-based materials; thermodynamics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Zbyšek Pavlík

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Guest Editor

Department of Materials Engineering and Chemistry, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Thákurova 7, 166 29 Prague, Czech Republic
Interests: design, development and testing of new materials for construction use; waste to materials; low energy materials; pozzolanic materials; buildings physics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue, “Low-Dimensional Carbon Nanostructures and Their Applications in Advanced Composite Materials and Devices”, will focus on the development of unique materials or devices containing different 0D, 1D, or 2D carbon-based nanomaterials such as quantum dots, graphene, graphene oxide, or carbon nanotubes.

The proposed topics include (but are not limited to) the following:

Graphene-based composites;
Graphene oxide-based composites;
CNT-based composites;
Energy harvesting systems;
Optoelectronics and laser devices;
High-temperature superconductors with nanoscale pinning centers;
New trends in nano-based composites;
Environmental aspects of nano-based composites;
Construction materials with nano-additives;
Photonic, plasmonic, and metamaterial devices;
Nano sensing devices;
Micro-electromechanical systems;
Bioelectronics.

In order to further the understanding of low-dimensional nanostructures and their applications in composites, this Special Issue welcomes your submissions of cutting-edge research in this practical and interesting field.

Prof. Ondřej Jankovský
Prof. Zbyšek Pavlík
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

nano-based composites
nano sensing devices
graphene
carbon nanotubes

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 58368 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Co-Doped Magnesium Oxychloride Composites with Unique Flexural Strength for Construction Use

by Anna-Marie Lauermannová, Ondřej Jankovský, Michal Lojka, Ivana Faltysová, Julie Slámová, Milena Pavlíková, Adam Pivák, Šimon Marušiak, Zbyšek Pavlík and Martina Záleská

Materials 2022, 15(2), 604; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15020604 - 14 Jan 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1480

Abstract

In this study, the combined effect of graphene oxide (GO) and oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (OMWCNTs) on material properties of the magnesium oxychloride (MOC) phase 5 was analyzed. The selected carbon-based nanoadditives were used in small content in order to obtain higher values of mechanical parameters and higher water resistance while maintaining acceptable price of the final composites. Two sets of samples containing either 0.1 wt. % or 0.2 wt. % of both nanoadditives were prepared, in addition to a set of reference samples without additives. Samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy, which were used to obtain the basic information on the phase and chemical composition, as well as the microstructure and morphology. Basic macro- and micro-structural parameters were studied in order to determine the effect of the nanoadditives on the open porosity, bulk and specific density. In addition, the mechanical, hygric and thermal parameters of the prepared nano-doped composites were acquired and compared to the reference sample. An enhancement of all the mentioned types of parameters was observed. This can be assigned to the drop in porosity when GO and OMWCNTs were used. This research shows a pathway of increasing the water resistance of MOC-based composites, which is an important step in the development of the new generation of construction materials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Low-Dimensional Carbon Nanostructures and Their Applications in Advanced Composite Materials and Devices)

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19 pages, 10225 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Graphene-Reinforced Carbon-Bonded Coarse-Grained Refractories

by Enrico Storti, Jens Fruhstorfer, Bruno Luchini, Adéla Jiříčková, Ondřej Jankovský and Christos Georgios Aneziris

Materials 2022, 15(1), 186; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15010186 - 27 Dec 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2180

Abstract

Carbon-bonded alumina refractories offer excellent thermal shock performance but are lacking in terms of mechanical strength. In the present contribution, the influence of the particle packing and the addition of graphene oxide (GO) to carbon-bonded alumina refractories on the physical and mechanical properties before and after thermal shock was investigated. Coarse tabular alumina grains were coated by a GO suspension and used to prepare dry-pressed compacts. The included graphite fraction (15 wt%) was either regarded as a lubricating matrix component or as a quasi-spherical component of a calculated density-optimized aggregate size distribution. During coking, the GO was reduced to thermally reduced graphene. The porosity, true density and thermal shock behavior in terms of the cold modulus of rupture (CMOR) and Young’s modulus were compared. Samples with a higher density were obtained when the irregularly shaped graphite was considered as the matrix component (lubricant). The results showed that the use of GO had a positive impact on the mechanical properties of the graphene-reinforced Al₂O₃–C refractories, especially in the case of a less optimized packing, due to the bridging of delamination gaps. In addition, the thermal shock only had a minor impact on the Young’s modulus and CMOR values of the samples. SEM investigation revealed very similar microstructures in coked as well as thermally shocked samples. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Low-Dimensional Carbon Nanostructures and Their Applications in Advanced Composite Materials and Devices)

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14 pages, 9751 KiB

Open AccessArticle

MOC-Diatomite Composites Filled with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

by Milena Pavlíková, Martina Záleská, Adam Pivák, Ondřej Jankovský, Anna-Marie Lauermannová, Michal Lojka, Filip Antončík and Zbyšek Pavlík

Materials 2021, 14(16), 4576; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14164576 - 15 Aug 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1842

Abstract

The studies focusing on magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) composites have recently become fairly widespread because of MOC’s excellent mechanical properties and environmental sustainability. Numerous fillers, admixtures and nano-dopants were studied in order to improve the overall performance of MOC-based derivatives. Some of them exhibited specific flaws, such as a tendency to aggregate, increase in porosity, aeration of the composite matrix, depreciation in water resistance and mechanical strength, etc. In this manuscript, MOC-based composites doped by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are designed and tested. In order to modify the final properties of composites, diatomite was admixed as partial substitution of MgO, which was used in the composition of the researched material in excess, i.e., the majority of MgO constituted part of MOC and the rest served as fine filler. The composites were subjected to the broad experimental campaign that covered SEM (scanning electron microscopy), EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy), HR-TEM (high-resolution transmission electron microscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction), OM (optical microscopy) and STA-MS (simultaneous thermal analysis with mass spectroscopy). For 28 days hardened samples, macrostructural and microstructural parameters, mechanical properties, hygric and thermal characteristics were experimentally assessed. The incorporation of MWCNTs and diatomite resulted in the significant enhancement of composites’ compactness, mechanical strength and stiffness and reduction in water absorption and rate of water imbibition. The thermal properties of the enriched MOC composites yielded interesting values and provided information for future modification of thermal performance of MOC composites with respect to their specific use in practice, e.g., in passive moderation of indoor climate. The combination of MWCNTs and diatomite represents a valuable modification of the MOC matrix and can be further exploited in the design and development of advanced building materials and components. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Low-Dimensional Carbon Nanostructures and Their Applications in Advanced Composite Materials and Devices)

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14 pages, 6950 KiB

Open AccessArticle

MOC Doped with Graphene Nanoplatelets: The Influence of the Mixture Preparation Technology on Its Properties

by Martina Záleská, Milena Pavlíková, Adam Pivák, Šimon Marušiak, Ondřej Jankovský, Anna-Marie Lauermannová, Michal Lojka, Filip Antončík and Zbyšek Pavlík

Materials 2021, 14(6), 1450; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14061450 - 16 Mar 2021

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 1927

Abstract

The ongoing tendency to create environmentally friendly building materials is nowadays connected with the use of reactive magnesia-based composites. The aim of the presented research was to develop an ecologically sustainable composite material based on MOC (magnesium oxychloride cement) with excellent mechanical, chemical, and physical properties. The effect of the preparation procedure of MOC pastes doped with graphene nanoplatelets on their fresh and hardened properties was researched. One-step and two-step homogenization techniques were proposed as prospective tools for the production of MOC-based composites of advanced parameters. The conducted experiments and analyses covered X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, sorption analysis, X-ray diffraction, and optical microscopy. The viscosity of the fresh mixtures was monitored using a rotational viscometer. For the hardened composites, macro- and micro-structural parameters were measured together with the mechanical parameters. These tests were performed after 7 days and 14 days. The use of a carbon-based nanoadditive led to a significant drop in porosity, thus densifying the MOC matrix. Accordingly, the mechanical resistance was greatly improved by graphene nanoplatelets. The two-step homogenization procedure positively affected all researched functional parameters of the developed composites (e.g., the compressive strength increase of approximately 54% after 7 days, and 37% after 14 days, respectively) and can be recommended for the preparation of advanced functional materials reinforced with graphene. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Low-Dimensional Carbon Nanostructures and Their Applications in Advanced Composite Materials and Devices)

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13 pages, 10467 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Magnesium Oxychloride Cement Composites with MWCNT for the Construction Applications

by Michal Lojka, Anna-Marie Lauermannová, David Sedmidubský, Milena Pavlíková, Martina Záleská, Zbyšek Pavlík, Adam Pivák and Ondřej Jankovský

Materials 2021, 14(3), 484; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14030484 - 20 Jan 2021

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 1844

Abstract

In this contribution, composite materials based on magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) used as an additive were prepared and characterized. The prepared composites contained 0.5 and 1 wt.% of MWCNTs, and these samples were compared with the pure MOC Phase 5 reference. The composites were characterized using a broad spectrum of analytical methods to determine the phase and chemical composition, morphology, and thermal behavior. In addition, the basic structural parameters, pore size distribution, mechanical strength, stiffness, and hygrothermal performance of the composites, aged 14 days, were also the subject of investigation. The MWCNT-doped composites showed high compactness, increased mechanical resistance, stiffness, and water resistance, which is crucial for their application in the construction industry and their future use in the design and development of alternative building products. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Low-Dimensional Carbon Nanostructures and Their Applications in Advanced Composite Materials and Devices)

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Review

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21 pages, 3625 KiB

Open AccessReview

Synthesis and Applications of Graphene Oxide

by Adéla Jiříčková, Ondřej Jankovský, Zdeněk Sofer and David Sedmidubský

Materials 2022, 15(3), 920; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15030920 - 25 Jan 2022

Cited by 134 | Viewed by 15573

Abstract

Thanks to the unique properties of graphite oxides and graphene oxide (GO), this material has become one of the most promising materials that are widely studied. Graphene oxide is not only a precursor for the synthesis of thermally or chemically reduced graphene: researchers revealed a huge amount of unique optical, electronic, and chemical properties of graphene oxide for many different applications. In this review, we focus on the structure and characterization of GO, graphene derivatives prepared from GO and GO applications. We describe GO utilization in environmental applications, medical and biological applications, freestanding membranes, and various composite systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Low-Dimensional Carbon Nanostructures and Their Applications in Advanced Composite Materials and Devices)

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