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Corrosion Resistance Enhancement of the Materials Surface

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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Corrosion".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 March 2023) | Viewed by 19197

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Costica Bejinariu

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Guest Editor

Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iași, Romania
Interests: materials engineering; thin layers; automotive materials; corrosion resistance
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Nicanor Cimpoesu

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Guest Editor

Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iași, Romania
Interests: scanning electron microscopy in materials science; energy dispersive spectroscopy in materials science; biocompatible and biodegradable materials; corrosion resistance; ferrous alloys; thin metallic and non-metallic layers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

From the perspective of engineers, physicists, medical doctors, researchers and scientists, we intend to analyze and discuss different topics on corrosion resistance. The high potential of the enhancement of a material’s surface (using metallic, polymer or ceramic layers or by active functionalization through laser or ion beam, mechanical or chemical transformation) make them suitable for many applications. Actual activity in the domain presents a few problems connected to: the obtaining and processing of metallic alloys, the modification of the surface state, and the characterization, modelling, and simulation or prototyping technologies.

This Special Issue of Materials intends to focus on the most recent advances in obtaining materials with active surface used in the industrial, automotive, chemical or medical field with enhanced performances.

Prof. Dr. Costica Bejinariu
Prof. Dr. Nicanor Cimpoesu
Guest Editors

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

materials science
corrosion resistance
biocompatible and biodegradable Fe-based alloys
surface treatments
passivation of metallic materials
electro-corosion resistance

Related Special Issue

Corrosion Resistance Enhancement of the Materials Surface—Volume II in Materials

Published Papers (11 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 4534 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Corrosion Behavior of Coated Low Carbon Steel in a Simulated PEMFC Environment

by Diana Nicoleta Avram, Corneliu Mircea Davidescu, Iosif Hulka, Mircea Laurentiu Dan, Elena Manuela Stanciu, Alexandru Pascu and Julia Claudia Mirza-Rosca

Materials 2023, 16(8), 3056; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16083056 - 12 Apr 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1360

Abstract

Here, potential metallic bipolar plate (BP) materials were manufactured by laser coating NiCr-based alloys with different Ti additions on low carbon steel substrates. The titanium content within the coating varied between 1.5 and 12.5 wt%. Our present study focussed on electrochemically testing the laser cladded samples in a milder solution. The electrolyte used for all of the electrochemical tests consisted of a 0.1 M Na₂SO₄ solution (acidulated with H₂SO₄ at pH = 5) with the addition of 0.1 ppm F⁻. The corrosion resistance properties of the laser-cladded samples was evaluated using an electrochemical protocol, which consisted of the open circuit potential (OCP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements, and potentiodynamic polarization, followed by potentiostatic polarization under simulated proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) anodic and cathodic environments for 6 h each. After the samples were subjected to potentiostatic polarization, the EIS measurements and potentiodynamic polarization were repeated. The microstructure and chemical composition of the laser cladded samples were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion Resistance Enhancement of the Materials Surface)

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15 pages, 4721 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Some Brassicaceae Extracts as Potential Antioxidants and Green Corrosion Inhibitors

by Ioana Maria Carmen Ienașcu, Adina Căta, Adriana Aurelia Chis, Mariana Nela Ştefănuț, Paula Sfîrloagă, Gerlinde Rusu, Adina Frum, Anca Maria Arseniu, Claudiu Morgovan, Luca Liviu Rus and Carmen Maximiliana Dobrea

Materials 2023, 16(8), 2967; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16082967 - 08 Apr 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1330

Abstract

Glucosinolates-rich extracts of some Brassicaceae sources, such as broccoli, cabbage, black radish, rapeseed, and cauliflower, were obtained using an eco-friendly extraction method, in a microwave field, with 70% ethanol, and evaluated in order to establish their in vitro antioxidant activities and anticorrosion effects on steel material. The DPPH method and Folin-Ciocâlteu assay proved good antioxidant activity (remaining DPPH, 9.54–22.03%) and the content of total phenolics between 1008–1713 mg GAE/L for all tested extracts. The electrochemical measurements in 0.5 M H₂SO₄ showed that the extracts act as mixed-type inhibitors proving their ability to inhibit corrosion in a concentration-dependent manner, with a remarkable inhibition efficiency (92.05–98.33%) achieved for concentrated extracts of broccoli, cauliflower, and black radish. The weight loss experiments revealed that the inhibition efficiency decreased with an increase in temperature and time of exposure. The apparent activation energies, enthalpies, and entropies of the dissolution process were determined and discussed, and an inhibition mechanism was proposed. An SEM/EDX surface examination shows that the compounds from extracts may attach to the steel surface and produce a barrier layer. Meanwhile, the FT-IR spectra confirm bond formation between functional groups and the steel substrate. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion Resistance Enhancement of the Materials Surface)

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13 pages, 4396 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Electrochemical Impedance Analysis for Corrosion Rate Monitoring of Sol–Gel Protective Coatings in Contact with Nitrate Molten Salts for CSP Applications

by V. Encinas-Sánchez, A. Macías-García, M. T. de Miguel, F. J. Pérez and J. M. Rodríguez-Rego

Materials 2023, 16(2), 546; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16020546 - 05 Jan 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1337

Abstract

The protective behaviour of ZrO₂-3%molY₂O₃ sol–gel coatings, deposited with an immersion coating technique on 9Cr-1Mo P91 steel, was evaluated with corrosion monitoring sensors using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique. The tests were carried out in contact with solar salt at 500 °C for a maximum of 2000 h. The results showed the highly protective behaviour of the coating, with the corrosion process in the coated system being controlled by the diffusion of charged particles through the protective layer. The coating acts by limiting the transport of ions and slowing down the corrosive process. The system allowed a reduction in the corrosion rate of uncoated P91 steel. The estimated corrosion rate of 22.62 μm·year⁻¹ is lower than that accepted for in-service operations. The proposed ZrO₂-3%molY₂O₃ sol–gel coatings are an option to mitigate the corrosion processes caused by the molten salts in concentrated solar power plants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion Resistance Enhancement of the Materials Surface)

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19 pages, 8977 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparing the Corrosion Resistance of 5083 Al and Al₂O₃3D/5083 Al Composite in a Chloride Environment

by Liang Yu, Chen Zhang, Yuan Liu, Yulong Yan, Pianpian Xu, Yanli Jiang and Xiuling Cao

Materials 2023, 16(1), 86; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010086 - 22 Dec 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1647

Abstract

In this study, an Al₂O₃3D/5083 Al composite was fabricated by infiltrating a molten 5083 Al alloy into a three-dimensional alumina reticulated porosity ceramics skeleton preform (Al₂O₃3D) using a pressureless infiltration method. The corrosion resistance of 5083 Al alloy and Al₂O₃3D/5083 Al in NaCl solution were compared via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), dynamic polarization potential (PDP), and neutral salt spray (NSS) tests. The microstructure of the two materials were investigated by 3D X-ray microscope and scanning electron microscopy aiming at understanding the corrosion mechanisms. Results show that an Al₂O₃3D/5083 Al composite consists of interpenetrating structure of 3D-continuous matrices of continuous networks 5083 Al alloy and Al₂O₃3D phase. A large area of strong interfaces of 5083 Al and Al₂O₃3D exist in the Al₂O₃3D/5083 Al composite. The corrosion development process can be divided into the initial period, the development period, and the stability period. Al₂O₃3D used as reinforcement in Al₂O₃3D/5083 Al composite improves the corrosion resistance of Al₂O₃3D/5083 Al composite via electrochemistry tests. Thus, the corrosion resistance of Al₂O₃3D/5083 Al is higher than that of 5083 Al alloy. The NSS test results indicate that the corrosion resistance of Al₂O₃3D/5083 Al was lower than that of 5083 Al alloy during the initial period, higher than that of 5083 Al alloy during the development period, and there was no obvious difference in corrosion resistance during the stability period. It is considered that the elements in 5083 Al alloy infiltrated into the Al₂O₃3D/5083 Al composite are segregated, and the uniform distribution of the segregated elements leads to galvanic corrosion during the corrosion initial period. The perfect combination of interfaces of Al₂O₃3D and the 5083 Al alloy matrix promotes excellent corrosion resistance during the stability period. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion Resistance Enhancement of the Materials Surface)

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17 pages, 7518 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Microstructural, Corrosion Resistance, and Tribological Properties of Al₂O₃ Coatings Prepared by Atmospheric Plasma Spraying

by Costică Bejinariu, Viorel Paleu, Ciprian Vasile Stamate, Ramona Cimpoesu, Margareta Coteată, Gheorghe Badarau, Mihai Axinte, Bogdan Istrate, Gabriel Dragos Vasilescu and Nicanor Cimpoeșu

Materials 2022, 15(24), 9013; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15249013 - 16 Dec 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1253

Abstract

An usual material, EN-GJL-250 cast iron, used for automotive braking systems, was covered with a ceramic material (105NS-1 aluminium oxide) using an industrial deposition system (Sulzer Metco). The main reason was to improve the corrosion and wear (friction) resistance properties of the cast-iron. Samples were prepared by mechanical grinding and sandblasting before the deposition. We applied two and four passes (around 12–15 µm by layer) each at 90° obtaining ceramic coatings of 30 respectively 60 µm. The surface of the samples (with ceramic coatings) was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dispersive energy spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Scratch and micro-hardness tests were performed using CETR-UMT-2 micro-tribometer equipment. The better corrosion resistance of the base material was obtained by applying the ceramic coating. The results present a better corrosion resistance and a higher coefficient of friction of the coated samples. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion Resistance Enhancement of the Materials Surface)

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18 pages, 4276 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Friction Stir Surface Processing on the Corrosion Resistance of Al 6061

by Ibrahim H. Zainelabdeen, Fadi A. Al-Badour, Rami K. Suleiman, Akeem Yusuf Adesina, Necar Merah and Fadi A. Ghaith

Materials 2022, 15(22), 8124; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15228124 - 16 Nov 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1164

Abstract

In this work, friction stir processing using a pinless tool with a featured shoulder was performed to alter the surface properties of Al 6061-O, focusing on the effect of tool traverse speed on surface properties, i.e., microstructure, hardness, and corrosion resistance. All processed samples showed refinement in grain size, microhardness, and corrosion resistance compared to the base material. Increasing tool-traverse speed marginally refined the microstructure, but produced a significant reduction in microhardness. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, linear polarization resistance, and potentiodynamic polarization were used to evaluate the effect of the processing conditions on corrosion behavior in a saline environment. All corrosion test results are found to agree and were supported with pictures of corroded samples captured using a field emission scanning electron microscope. A remarkable reduction in the corrosion rate was obtained with increasing traverse speed. At the highest traverse speed, the corrosion current density dropped by approximately 600 times when compared with that of the base alloy according to potentiodynamic polarization results. This is mainly due to the grain refinement produced by the friction stir process. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion Resistance Enhancement of the Materials Surface)

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Graphical abstract

10 pages, 3397 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Preparation of One-Dimensional Polyaniline Nanotubes as Anticorrosion Coatings

by Guangyuan Yang, Fuwei Liu, Ning Hou, Sanwen Peng, Chunqing He and Pengfei Fang

Materials 2022, 15(9), 3192; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15093192 - 28 Apr 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1639

Abstract

Uniform polyaniline (PANI) nanotubes were synthesized by a self-assembly method under relatively dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy were employed to characterize the morphology and molecular structure of the PANI products. SEM images show that the PANI nanotubes have uniform morphology and form compact coating on the substrate surface. For comparison, aggregated PANI was also synthesized by conventional polymerization method. The performance of the PANI products on carbon steel was studied using eletrochemical measurement and immersion corrosion experiment in 3.5 wt% NaCl aqueous solution. The corrosion potentials of carbon steel samples increase by 0.196 V and 0.060 V after coated with PANI nanotubes and aggregated PANI, respectively, and the corrosion currents density decrease by about 76.32% and 36.64%, respectively. The 6-day immersion experiment showed that the carbon steel samples coated by PANI nanotubes showed more excellent anticorrosion performance, because the more compact coating formed by PANI nanotubes may inhibit the corrosion process between the anodic and cathodic. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion Resistance Enhancement of the Materials Surface)

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18 pages, 4399 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

In-Vitro Analysis of FeMn-Si Smart Biodegradable Alloy

by Ana Maria Roman, Victor Geantă, Ramona Cimpoeșu, Corneliu Munteanu, Nicoleta Monica Lohan, Georgeta Zegan, Eduard Radu Cernei, Iulian Ioniță, Nicanor Cimpoeșu and Nicoleta Ioanid

Materials 2022, 15(2), 568; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15020568 - 12 Jan 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1802

Abstract

Special materials are required in many applications to fulfill specific medical or industrial necessities. Biodegradable metallic materials present many attractive properties, especially mechanical ones correlated with good biocompatibility with vivant bodies. A biodegradable iron-based material was realized through electric arc-melting and induction furnace homogenization. The new chemical composition obtained presented a special property named SME (shape memory effect) based on the martensite transformation. Preliminary results about this special biodegradable material with a new chemical composition were realized for the chemical composition and structural and thermal characterization. Corrosion resistance was evaluated in Ringer’s solution through immersion tests for 1, 3, and 7 days, the solution pH was measured in time for 3 days with values for each minute, and electro-corrosion was measured using a potentiostat and a three electrode cell. The mass loss of the samples during immersion and electro-corrosion was evaluated and the surface condition was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). SME was highlighted with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results confirm the possibility of a memory effect of the materials in the wrought case and a generalized corrosion (Tafel and cyclic potentiometry and EIS) with the formation of iron oxides and a corrosion rate favorable for applications that require a longer implantation period. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion Resistance Enhancement of the Materials Surface)

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14 pages, 3296 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Corrosion Resistance of Electrochemically Synthesized Modified Zaccagnaite LDH-Type Films on Steel Substrates

by Michael Kahl and Teresa D. Golden

Materials 2021, 14(23), 7389; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14237389 - 02 Dec 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1622

Abstract

Modified zaccagnaite layered double hydroxide (LDH) type films were synthesized on steel substrates by pulsed electrochemical deposition from aqueous solutions. The resulting films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy/X-ray dispersive spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Structural characterization indicated a pure layered double hydroxide phase; however, elemental analysis revealed that the surface of the films contained Zn:Al ratios outside the typical ranges of layered double hydroxides. Layer thickness for the deposited films ranged from approximately 0.4 to 3.0 μm. The corrosion resistance of the film was determined using potentiodynamic polarization experiments in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. The corrosion current density for the coatings was reduced by 82% and the corrosion potential was shifted 126 mV more positive when 5 layers of modified LDH coatings were deposited onto the steel substrates. A mechanism was proposed for the corroding reactions at the coating. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion Resistance Enhancement of the Materials Surface)

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15 pages, 4142 KiB

Open AccessArticle

New Zn3Mg-xY Alloys: Characteristics, Microstructural Evolution and Corrosion Behavior

by Catalin Panaghie, Ramona Cimpoeșu, Bogdan Istrate, Nicanor Cimpoeșu, Mihai-Adrian Bernevig, Georgeta Zegan, Ana-Maria Roman, Romeu Chelariu and Alina Sodor

Materials 2021, 14(10), 2505; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14102505 - 12 May 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1781

Abstract

Zinc biodegradable alloys attracted an increased interest in the last few years in the medical field among Mg and Fe-based materials. Knowing that the Mg element has a strengthening influence on Zn alloys, we analyze the effect of the third element, namely, Y with expected results in mechanical properties improvement. Ternary ZnMgY samples were obtained through induction melting in Argon atmosphere from high purity (Zn, Mg, and Y) materials and MgY (70/30 wt%) master alloys with different percentages of Y and keeping the same percentage of Mg (3 wt%). The corrosion resistance and microhardness of ZnMgY alloys were compared with those of pure Zn and ZnMg binary alloy. Materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), linear and cyclic potentiometry, and immersion tests. All samples present generalized corrosion after immersion and electro-corrosion experiments in Dulbecco solution. The experimental results show an increase in microhardness and indentation Young Modulus following the addition of Y. The formation of YZn12 intermetallic phase elements with a more noble potential than pure Zinc is established. A correlation is obtained between the appearance of new Y phases and aggressive galvanic corrosion. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion Resistance Enhancement of the Materials Surface)

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21 pages, 17861 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Immersion Behavior of Carbon Steel, Phosphate Carbon Steel and Phosphate and Painted Carbon Steel in Saltwater

by Costica Bejinariu, Diana-Petronela Burduhos-Nergis and Nicanor Cimpoesu

Materials 2021, 14(1), 188; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14010188 - 02 Jan 2021

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2791

Abstract

The carbon steel is used in many areas due to its good mechanical properties; however, its low corrosion resistance presents a very important problem, for example, when carbon steel carabiners are used in the petroleum industry or navy, the possibility of an accident is higher due to carabiner failure. This phenomenon could occur as a consequence of the corrosion process which negatively affects mechanical properties. This paper study the possibility to improve its corrosion resistance by depositing on its surface a phosphate layer and a paint layer, and also aims to analyze the immersion behavior in saltwater of carbon steel, phosphate carbon steel, and phosphate and painted carbon steel. According to this study, by coating the carbon steel with a phosphate or paint layer, a higher polarization resistance is obtained in saltwater. Moreover, by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), it was observed that the corrosion rate decreases with the increase of the immersion time. Meanwhile scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) revealed that the main compounds which formed on the sample’s surface were iron oxides or hydroxy-oxides, after immersion for a longer period. The overall results show that all types of deposited layers increase the corrosion resistance of C45 steel. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion Resistance Enhancement of the Materials Surface)

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