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Corrosion Resistance Enhancement of the Materials Surface—Second Edition
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Corrosion Resistance Enhancement of the Materials Surface—Second Edition

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Corrosion".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 January 2025) | Viewed by 6896

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Nicanor Cimpoesu

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Guest Editor
Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iași, Romania
Interests: scanning electron microscopy in materials science; energy dispersive spectroscopy in materials science; biocompatible and biodegradable materials; corrosion resistance; ferrous alloys; thin metallic and non-metallic layers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Costica Bejinariu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iași, Romania
Interests: materials engineering; thin layers; automotive materials; corrosion resistance
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

From the perspectives of engineers, physicists, medical doctors, researchers, and scientists, we intend to analyze and discuss different topics of corrosion resistance. The high potential of the enhancement of a material’s surface (using metallic, polymer, or ceramic layers, or via active functionalization through laser or ion beam, mechanical, or chemical transformation) makes them suitable for many applications. Actual activity in the domain presents a few problems connected to the obtaining and processing of metallic alloys, the modification of the surface state, and the characterization, modeling, and simulation of prototyping technologies.

This Special Issue of Materials intends to focus on the most recent advances in obtaining materials with an active surface used in the industrial, automotive, chemical, or medical fields with enhanced performances.

Prof. Dr. Nicanor Cimpoesu
Prof. Dr. Costica Bejinariu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • corrosion resistance
  • biocompatible and biodegradable Fe-based alloys
  • surface treatments
  • passivation of metallic materials
  • electrocorosion resistance

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 13162 KiB  
Article
Assessment of the Corrosion Resistance of Thermal Barrier Coatings on Internal Combustion Engine Components
by Daniela Lucia Chicet, Jozsef Juhasz, Cosmin Mihai Cotruț, Bogdan Istrate and Corneliu Munteanu
Materials 2025, 18(6), 1227; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18061227 - 10 Mar 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 566
Abstract
Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) can be applied on the inner surface of the combustion chamber of internal combustion engines to reduce fuel consumption and pollution and also improve the fatigue life of their components. The purpose of the present work was to evaluate [...] Read more.
Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) can be applied on the inner surface of the combustion chamber of internal combustion engines to reduce fuel consumption and pollution and also improve the fatigue life of their components. The purpose of the present work was to evaluate the corrosion resistance in an environment equivalent to the one generated by combustion gases for three types of TBCs—P1 from Cr3C2-25(Ni20Cr), P2 from MgZrO3-35NiCr and P3 from ZrO2-5CaO—with all of them having a base coat from Al2O3-30(Ni20Al) powder. The coatings were deposited via atmospheric plasma spray (APS) on the intake/exhaust valves of a gasoline internal combustion engine, both before and after their use in operation (Dacia 1400 model, gasoline fuel, Dacia Company, Mioveni, Romania). The samples were studied from the electrochemical corrosion resistance point of view, and their morphology and structure were analyzed using SEM, EDS and XRD methods. After analyzing the results of the samples before and after testing them in operation, it was observed that the presence of the coatings improved the corrosion resistance of the material used for the production of the valves. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion Resistance Enhancement of the Materials Surface—Second Edition)
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18 pages, 9042 KiB  
Article
Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Insights into Stress Corrosion Cracking and Dissolution of Metal Oxides
by Levi C. Felix, Qin-Kun Li, Evgeni S. Penev and Boris I. Yakobson
Materials 2025, 18(3), 538; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18030538 - 24 Jan 2025
Viewed by 622
Abstract
Oxide phases such as α-Fe2O3 (hematite) and α-Al2O3 (corundum) are highly insoluble in water; however, subcritical crack growth has been observed in humidity nonetheless. Chemically induced bond breaking at the crack tip appears unlikely due [...] Read more.
Oxide phases such as α-Fe2O3 (hematite) and α-Al2O3 (corundum) are highly insoluble in water; however, subcritical crack growth has been observed in humidity nonetheless. Chemically induced bond breaking at the crack tip appears unlikely due to sterically hindered molecular transport. The molecular mechanics of a crack in corundum with a reactive force field reveal minimal lattice trapping, leading to bond breaking before sufficient space opens for water transport. To address this, we model a pre-built blunt crack with space for H2O molecule adsorption at the tip and show that it reduces fracture toughness by lowering the critical J-integral. Then, we explore stress-enhanced dissolution to understand the mechanism of crack tip blunting in the oxide/water system. Density functional theory combined with metadynamics was employed to describe atomic dissolution from flat hematite and corundum surfaces in pure water. Strain accelerates dissolution, stabilizing intermediate states with broken bonds before full atom detachment, while the free energy profile of unstrained surfaces is almost monotonic. The atomistic calculations provided input for a kinetic model, predicting the shape evolution of a blunt crack tip, which displays three distinct regimes: (i) dissolution primarily away from the tip, (ii) enhanced blunting near but not at the apex, and (iii) sharpening near the apex. The transition between regimes occurs at a low strain, highlighting the critical role of water in the subcritical crack growth of oxide scales, with dissolution as the fundamental microscopic mechanism behind this process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion Resistance Enhancement of the Materials Surface—Second Edition)
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26 pages, 12527 KiB  
Article
Study on Synergistically Improving Corrosion Resistance of Microarc Oxidation Coating on Magnesium Alloy by Loading of Sodium Tungstate and Silane Treatment
by Ziyi Wang, Lingyun An, Chenggong Chang, Leichao Meng, Donghao Lei, Jianhong Peng and Zhanying Wang
Materials 2025, 18(2), 361; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18020361 - 14 Jan 2025
Viewed by 708
Abstract
Sodium tungstate (Na2WO4) was filled into the micropores and onto the surface of a magnesium alloy microarc oxidation (MAO) coating by means of vacuum impregnation. Subsequently, the coating was sealed through silane treatment to synergistically boost its corrosion resistance. [...] Read more.
Sodium tungstate (Na2WO4) was filled into the micropores and onto the surface of a magnesium alloy microarc oxidation (MAO) coating by means of vacuum impregnation. Subsequently, the coating was sealed through silane treatment to synergistically boost its corrosion resistance. The phase composition of the coating was inspected using XRD. FTIR was utilized to analyze the functional groups in the coating. XPS was employed to study the chemical composition and valence state of the coating. The surface and cross-sectional morphology of the coating, along with its elemental composition and distribution, were investigated by SEM and EDS. Meanwhile, the thickness of the coating was analyzed using Image J software. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was employed to determine the corrosion resistance of the coating. The results show that compared with an MAO coating, M-0.125W composite coating (only filled with sodium tungstate on the surface of the MAO coating), and M-SG composite coating (only receiving silanization treatment applied to the surface of the MAO coating), the corrosion resistance of the M-nW-SG composite coating (loaded with sodium tungstate on the surface of the MAO coating and then treated with silane) is significantly improved. This is mainly attributed to the fact that sodium tungstate can be combined with Mg2+ to form insoluble magnesium tungstate protective film, which blocks corrosion media. At the same time, silanization treatment further seals the MAO coating and increases the compactness of the coating. In addition, with the increase in the impregnation concentration of sodium tungstate, the content of sodium tungstate in the M-nW-SG composite coating improves, and the sealing effect of silanization treatment is better. When the impregnation concentration of sodium tungstate is 0.1 mol/L or above, the MAO coating with sodium tungstate can be completely sealed. When the impregnation concentration of sodium tungstate is 0.125 mol/L, M-0.125W-SG composite coating has the best corrosion resistance, and its impedance modulus value can be maintained at 8.06 × 106 Ω·cm2 after soaking in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution for 144 h, which is about three orders of magnitude higher than those of MAO coating and M-0.125W and M-SG composite coatings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion Resistance Enhancement of the Materials Surface—Second Edition)
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21 pages, 10249 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Corrosion and Cavitation Resistance of Laser Remelted GX40CrNiSi25-20 Cast Stainless Steel
by Ion Mitelea, Ilare Bordeașu, Daniela Cosma, Dragoș Buzdugan, Corneliu Marius Crăciunescu and Ion Dragoș Uțu
Materials 2024, 17(24), 6278; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17246278 - 22 Dec 2024
Viewed by 849
Abstract
This paper explores the enhancement of cavitation and corrosion resistance in cast stainless steel through laser beam surface remelting. The influence of laser treatment on material properties was assessed by analyzing the microstructure using optical microscopy, electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Cavitation erosion [...] Read more.
This paper explores the enhancement of cavitation and corrosion resistance in cast stainless steel through laser beam surface remelting. The influence of laser treatment on material properties was assessed by analyzing the microstructure using optical microscopy, electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Cavitation erosion was evaluated in tap water using an ultrasonic vibration setup, following ASTM G32—2016 standards. Results show that local remelting of the surface with a laser beam causes a reduction in material loss and cavitation erosion rate. Potentiodynamic polarization tests revealed a significant improvement in corrosion resistance, indicated by a reduced corrosion current density in the laser-treated surface. The observed improvements in cavitation and corrosion resistance are attributed to microstructural hardening, characterized by grain refinement and a uniform, homogeneous structure with finely dispersed, small precipitate particles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion Resistance Enhancement of the Materials Surface—Second Edition)
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13 pages, 26617 KiB  
Article
Improving Corrosion Resistance of Rare Earth Zirconates to Calcium–Magnesium–Alumina–Silicate Molten Salt Through High-Entropy Strategy
by Cong Gui, Zi-Jian Peng, Jun-Teng Yao, Shu-Qi Wang, Zhan-Guo Liu, Ya-Ming Wang and Jia-Hu Ouyang
Materials 2024, 17(24), 6254; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17246254 - 21 Dec 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 795
Abstract
The erosion caused by high-temperature calcium–magnesium–alumina–silicate (CMAS) has emerged as a critical impediment to the advancement of thermal barrier coating (TBC). In this study, a series of high-entropy rare earth zirconates, (La0.2Sm0.2Dy0.2Er0.2Gd0.2)2 [...] Read more.
The erosion caused by high-temperature calcium–magnesium–alumina–silicate (CMAS) has emerged as a critical impediment to the advancement of thermal barrier coating (TBC). In this study, a series of high-entropy rare earth zirconates, (La0.2Sm0.2Dy0.2Er0.2Gd0.2)2(Zr1−xCex)2O7 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5) were synthesized through a solid-phase reaction, and their corrosion behavior against CMAS was investigated. Our findings demonstrate that numerous rare earth elements impede element diffusion, facilitate the formation of a compact oxide layer, and effectively hinder CMAS infiltration. Furthermore, rare earth elements with larger ionic radii exhibit enhanced solubility in apatite, whereas those with smaller ionic radii are more readily soluble in ZrO2. In general, the utilization of the high-entropy strategy is an effective approach to significantly improving corrosion resistance against CMAS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion Resistance Enhancement of the Materials Surface—Second Edition)
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28 pages, 8727 KiB  
Article
Microstructural and Electrochemical Study: Pitting Corrosion Mechanism on A390 Al–Si Alloy and Ce–Mo Treatment as a Better Corrosion Protection
by Héctor Herrera Hernández, Araceli Mandujano Ruiz, Carlos Omar González Morán, José Guadalupe Miranda Hernández, José de Jesús Agustín Flores Cuautle, Jorge Morales Hernández and Irma Hernández Casco
Materials 2024, 17(12), 3044; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17123044 - 20 Jun 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1479
Abstract
Sulfuric acid anodizing assisted by a hydrothermal sealing with inhibitors [Ce3+-Mo6+] was used to prevent pitting corrosion on spray-deposited hypereutectic Al–Si alloy (A390). An investigation concerning the evaluation of pitting corrosion resistance on the anodic oxide thin film with [...] Read more.
Sulfuric acid anodizing assisted by a hydrothermal sealing with inhibitors [Ce3+-Mo6+] was used to prevent pitting corrosion on spray-deposited hypereutectic Al–Si alloy (A390). An investigation concerning the evaluation of pitting corrosion resistance on the anodic oxide thin film with ions incorporated was carried out in NaCl solution using electrochemical measurements (i.e., potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, EIS). The influence of Si phase morphology and size on the growth mechanism of an anodic oxide film was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results were then compared with those for its equivalent IM390 alloy (Al-17Si-4.5Cu-0.6Mg) produced through a conventional process ingot metallurgy, IM. The electrochemical findings indicate that sulfuric acid anodizing followed by a simple hot water sealing treatment was ineffective. In this manner, an intense attack was localized by pitting corrosion that occurred on the anodic oxide film in less than three days, as denoted by characteristic changes in the EIS spectra at the lowest frequencies. Improved results were achieved for Ce–Mo surface modification, which can provide better corrosion resistance on the aluminum alloys because no signs of pits were observed during the corrosion testing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion Resistance Enhancement of the Materials Surface—Second Edition)
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15 pages, 9268 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Chemical, Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of a CuAlBe Material Regarding Its Role as a Non-Sparking Material
by Romeo Gabriel Chelariu, Ramona Cimpoesu, Adrian Marius Jurca, Catalin Mihai Popa, Marcelin Benchea, Gheorghe Badarau, Bogdan Istrate, Alin Marian Cazac, Nicanor Cimpoesu, Dan-Dumitru Pintilie, Gabriel Dragos Vasilescu and Costica Bejinariu
Materials 2024, 17(10), 2220; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17102220 - 8 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 988
Abstract
We developed and analyzed a novel non-sparking material based on CuAlBe for applications in potentially explosive environments. Using a master alloy of CuBe, an established material for anti-sparking tools used in oil fields, mines, or areas with potentially explosive gas accumulations, and pure [...] Read more.
We developed and analyzed a novel non-sparking material based on CuAlBe for applications in potentially explosive environments. Using a master alloy of CuBe, an established material for anti-sparking tools used in oil fields, mines, or areas with potentially explosive gas accumulations, and pure Al, we used an Ar atmosphere induction furnace to obtain an alloy with ~10 wt% Al and ~2 wt% Be percentages and good chemical and structural homogeneity. The new material was tested in an explosive gaseous mixture (10% H2 or 6.5% CH4) under extremely strong wear for 16,000 cycles, and no hot sparks capable of igniting the environment were produced. The material was used in the form of hot-rolled plates obtained from melted ingots. The experimental results reflect the use of a suitable material for non-sparking tools. This material has good deformability during hot rolling, abnormal grain growth during deformation under heat treatment and special thermo-mechanical processing, and no high chemical composition variation. Additionally, there are slightly different corrosion resistance and mechanical properties between the melt and hot-rolled state of CuAlBe material. Through hot rolling, the material’s corrosion resistance increased, reducing the chances of generating sparks capable of causing explosions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion Resistance Enhancement of the Materials Surface—Second Edition)
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