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Advances in Welding Techniques, Welding Inspection, and Welding Testing Methods
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Advances in Welding Techniques, Welding Inspection, and Welding Testing Methods

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Manufacturing Processes and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 October 2025 | Viewed by 4008

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Chih-Chun Hsieh

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 106335, Taiwan
Interests: welding metallurgy; welding technology; dissimilar welding; steels; metals; heat treatment; metallography; physical metallurgy; materials science and engineering; diffusion; rolling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Chunming Lin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Minghsin University of Science and Technology, Hsinchu 30401, Taiwan
Interests: welding metallurgy; lightweight structural designs for aircraft and automotive applications; the microstructure and mechanisms underlying novel alloy materials; the design and implementation of composite materials; the development of product design such as orthopedic implants and surgical instruments
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Over the years, there have been significant advancements in welding techniques, resulting in improved efficiency, quality, and adaptability. This Special Issue aims to explore and showcase the latest developments in this field, providing a platform for researchers to share their innovative ideas and findings.

The papers included in this Special Issue cover a wide range of topics, including new materials and filler metals, novel welding processes, and advancements in inspection and testing methods. We encourage submissions of original research articles and review papers that explore how these innovations can enhance the overall welding process, resulting in stronger and more reliable joints.

Dr. Chih-Chun Hsieh
Dr. Chunming Lin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • welding technology
  • improved welding techniques
  • welding process optimization
  • advanced welding equipment
  • weld quality enhancement
  • welding inspection
  • welding testing

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 11557 KiB  
Article
Revealing the Mechanical Properties and Fracture Mechanism of Ag Paste Sintered Solder by Two Different Preparation Methods
by Jialong Liang, Hao-Kun Yang, Xingming Huang, Li-Yin Gao and Zhi-Quan Liu
Materials 2025, 18(7), 1435; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18071435 - 24 Mar 2025
Viewed by 215
Abstract
This paper studied the microstructure and mechanical properties of sintered Ag-Cu joints and semi-sintered Ag-Cu joints under tensile and shearing actions. By a comparative analysis of the differences in sintered Ag layer microstructure characteristics, crack propagation directions, and fracture surface characteristics, the differences [...] Read more.
This paper studied the microstructure and mechanical properties of sintered Ag-Cu joints and semi-sintered Ag-Cu joints under tensile and shearing actions. By a comparative analysis of the differences in sintered Ag layer microstructure characteristics, crack propagation directions, and fracture surface characteristics, the differences in the fracture mechanisms of the two types of sintered joints under the influence of tensile and shearing forces were further explained. Research shows that the sintered Ag joints have higher tensile and shearing properties than the semi-sintered Ag joints, but the two show similar fracture modes under the action of tensile force. The same phenomenon also occurs in the fracture mechanism under the action of shearing force. The difference is that under the action of tensile stress, cracks in the joints initiate from the Ag-Cu interface and grow along the interface until fracture occurs, while under the action of shearing force, cracks in the joints still initiate from the Ag-Cu interface, but then turn, and the cracks grow along the silver layer towards another Ag-Cu interface, which is a composite fracture mode. Under the action of tensile stress, the adhesive force of the Ag-Cu interface is shown to be weaker than the cohesive force within the sintered Ag layer itself, and the sintered Ag layer shows better ductile deformation. Under the action of shearing force, the advantage of the cohesive force within the sintered Ag layer is weakened, and the sintered Ag layer begins to fracture. Since sintered Ag joints have a better Ag-Cu interface and lower porosity than semi-sintered Ag joints, the energy required for failure increases correspondingly, showing better mechanical properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Welding Techniques, Welding Inspection, and Welding Testing Methods)
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13 pages, 5305 KiB  
Article
Applicability of Hf-Free 247LC as a Filler Metal for Hot Crack-Free 247LC Superalloy Welds Assisted by Varestraint Testing
by Seong-Jin Lee and Eun-Joon Chun
Materials 2025, 18(6), 1284; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18061284 - 14 Mar 2025
Viewed by 370
Abstract
In this study, based on previous fundamental research on weldability, we ultimately aim to propose a filler metal that enables hot crack-free repair welding of 247LC superalloy while minimizing compositional modification. First, we investigated the liquation cracking susceptibility of two candidate filler metals, [...] Read more.
In this study, based on previous fundamental research on weldability, we ultimately aim to propose a filler metal that enables hot crack-free repair welding of 247LC superalloy while minimizing compositional modification. First, we investigated the liquation cracking susceptibility of two candidate filler metals, namely Hf-free and B-free 247LC superalloy welds, by individually removing Hf and B and performing a spot-Varestraint test. As a result, the liquation cracking temperature range (LCTR) of B-free 247LC was 370 K and 230 K for Hf-free 247LC. The results indicated a significant reduction in the liquation cracking temperature range (LCTR) to 230 K for the Hf-free alloy, from 620 K for the Hf-containing standard 247LC alloy. Direct microstructural analysis of the liquation cracking surfaces revealed a higher liquation initiation temperature at the γ/MC interface in the Hf-free alloy, ranging from 1460 to 1600 K, compared to that of the original 247LC alloy composition, which contributed to the reduced LCTR. These findings indicate that Hf-free 247LC superalloys offer enhanced weldability—particularly for manufacturing and repairing critical components of tools with high-temperature applications, such as gas-turbine blades. Finally, assuming the Hf-free 247LC alloy as a filler metal and the original 247LC alloy composition as a base metal, double square groove welding was performed. This clearly confirmed the possibility of hot crack-free welding with Hf-free 247LC filler metal, effectively suppressing both liquation and solidification cracking simultaneously. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Welding Techniques, Welding Inspection, and Welding Testing Methods)
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16 pages, 5310 KiB  
Article
Micro-Gap Weld Seam Contrast Enhancement via Phase Contrast Imaging
by Yanfang Yang, Yonglu Yang and Wenjun Shao
Materials 2025, 18(6), 1281; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18061281 - 14 Mar 2025
Viewed by 356
Abstract
The precision and stability of seam position detection are critical for single-square-groove weld seams formed using two thin metal plates. However, traditional methods, such as structured laser light imaging, struggle with narrow seams that lack misalignment and have high reflectivity, while non-structured light [...] Read more.
The precision and stability of seam position detection are critical for single-square-groove weld seams formed using two thin metal plates. However, traditional methods, such as structured laser light imaging, struggle with narrow seams that lack misalignment and have high reflectivity, while non-structured light approaches are prone to welding light interference and speckle noise. To overcome these challenges, we propose a versatile optical design that leverages differential illumination to generate differential phase contrast (DPC) images. By processing images captured under differential illumination, the DPC method notably enhances seam edge contrast and suppresses welding light noise, improving the detection robustness and reliability. This approach provides a promising solution for high-precision weld seam detection in challenging environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Welding Techniques, Welding Inspection, and Welding Testing Methods)
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Graphical abstract

20 pages, 7712 KiB  
Article
The Influence of the Shielding-Gas Flow Rate on the Mechanical Properties of TIG-Welded Butt Joints of Commercially Pure Grade 1 Titanium
by Krzysztof Szwajka, Joanna Zielińska-Szwajka and Tomasz Trzepieciński
Materials 2024, 17(5), 1217; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17051217 - 6 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1674
Abstract
This article proposes as a novelty the differentiation of shielding-gas flow rates from both sides of the tungsten inert gas (TIG)-welded butt joints of commercially pure (CP) grade 1 titanium tubes. Such an approach is aimed at economically reducing the amount of protective [...] Read more.
This article proposes as a novelty the differentiation of shielding-gas flow rates from both sides of the tungsten inert gas (TIG)-welded butt joints of commercially pure (CP) grade 1 titanium tubes. Such an approach is aimed at economically reducing the amount of protective gas used in TIG closed butt welding. The effect of the shielding-gas flow rate on the properties of CP grade 1 titanium butt-welded joints made using the tungsten inert gas (TIG)-welding method. Butt-welded joints were made for different values of the shielding-gas flow from the side of the root of the weld. Argon 5.0 was used as the shielding gas in the welding process. As part of the research, the welded joints obtained were analysed using optical and scanning electron microscopy. The microstructural characteristics of the joints were examined using an optical microscope, and the mechanical properties were determined using hardness and tensile tests. It was observed that as the flow of the shielding gas decreases, the hardness of the weld material increases and its brittleness also increases. A similar trend related to the amount of gas flow was also noticeable for the tensile strength of the joints. The increase in the hardness of the weld and the heat-affected zone compared to the base metal is mainly related to the increase in the amount of acicular structure (α′ phase). The optimal gas flow rates from the side of the root of weld were found at the values of 12 dm3/min. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Welding Techniques, Welding Inspection, and Welding Testing Methods)
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