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Advances in Multifunctional Materials Obtained at High Temperature and Pressure...
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Advances in Multifunctional Materials Obtained at High Temperature and Pressure Conditions

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 October 2025 | Viewed by 2581

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Lucyna Jaworska

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Metal Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza 30 Avenue, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
Interests: powder metallurgy; ceramics and metal alloys synthesis and sintering; SPS; high-pressure–high-temperature sintering; material studies; cutting tool materials; high-pressure phases; thermal resistance of materials
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Metals, ceramics, and metal–ceramic composites obtained at high temperatures (above 1000 °C) and pressures equal to or higher than 35 MPa most often belong to high-melting materials. The use of high pressures during their production affects the different phase composition of these materials compared to materials produced at pressures close to normal (atmospheric). These materials often contain metastable phases (in atmospheric conditions) with properties that are often not yet known. Such production conditions also affect the reduction in the grain size of the obtained materials and the reduction in their porosity, which is what leads to their good mechanical properties. The use of the above sintering conditions allows the consolidation of nanometric powders. These materials are obtained by ultra-high pressure sintering methods, including HP-HT, hot pressing, spark plasma sintering, plasma spray, and others. The most famous materials that are obtained using these methods are diamonds, cubic boron nitride, carbides, borides, nitrides, some stainless steels, Ni-base alloys, refractory metals (e.g., tungsten, rhenium, osmium, tantalum, molybdenum, niobium, zirconium, and iridium), their alloys, and others. The application of these materials is very wide in many areas of life. The materials obtained are being encountered in such applications, including turbine blade materials, cutting and drilling tool materials, heating elements, insulations in furnaces, nozzles, heat shields, high-temperature reusable surface insulation tiles, implants, and many others. Therefore, this Special Issue welcomes contributions from all researchers working on high temperature and pressure material retrieval, as well as on their synthesis, characterization, properties, and applications.

Prof. Dr. Lucyna Jaworska
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • HP-HT sintering
  • SPS
  • HP
  • plasma spray
  • metal
  • ceramic
  • composite
  • properties
  • microstructures
  • phase composition

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 55728 KiB  
Article
Microstructure, Tribological, and Corrosion Behavior of HVOF-Sprayed (Cr3C2-NiCr+Ni) Coatings on Ductile Cast Iron
by Marzanna Ksiazek and Lukasz Boron
Materials 2025, 18(8), 1856; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18081856 - 18 Apr 2025
Viewed by 273
Abstract
The HVOF (High Velocity Oxy-Fuel) thermal spraying method is widely used in surface engineering to produce coatings with high hardness, low porosity, and excellent crack resistance. Composite coatings with chromium carbide (Cr3C2) in a nickel–chromium (NiCr) matrix are commonly [...] Read more.
The HVOF (High Velocity Oxy-Fuel) thermal spraying method is widely used in surface engineering to produce coatings with high hardness, low porosity, and excellent crack resistance. Composite coatings with chromium carbide (Cr3C2) in a nickel–chromium (NiCr) matrix are commonly applied in demanding environments, such as the energy and transport sectors. This study compares the microstructure, mechanical, tribological, and corrosion properties of two coatings—Cr3C2-25(Ni20Cr)-10(Ni) and Cr3C2-25(Ni20Cr)—deposited on ductile cast iron using HVOF. The addition of 10 wt.% Ni enhances coating integrity, mechanical performance, and environmental resistance by improving ductility, reducing residual stress, enhancing wettability, and balancing hardness with improved crack, wear, and corrosion resistance. Microstructure analysis via LM (Light Microscopy) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), along with chemical and phase characterization using EDS (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) and XRD (X-ray Diffraction), revealed that the Ni-enriched Cr3C2-25(Ni20Cr)-10(Ni) coating exhibited a denser structure, lower porosity, and high hardness. Its microstructure consists of large, partially melted Ni particles and fine Cr3C2 and Cr7C3 carbides embedded in the NiCr matrix, some at submicron scales. Performance tests, including indentation (HIT, EIT, KIC), scratch, and corrosion resistance assessments, confirmed that Ni addition improves crack resistance, wear durability, and corrosion protection. Consequently, these coatings demonstrate superior operational durability, making them more effective in challenging environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Multifunctional Materials Obtained at High Temperature and Pressure Conditions)
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16 pages, 16053 KiB  
Article
Technology and Electrophysical Properties of PZT-Type Ceramics Doped by Samarium
by Dariusz Bochenek, Dagmara Brzezińska, Przemysław Niemiec, Maciej Zubko and Katarzyna Osińska
Materials 2025, 18(8), 1773; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18081773 - 13 Apr 2025
Viewed by 281
Abstract
In this work, a multicomponent PZT-type material doped with manganese Mn, antimony Sb, samarium Sm, and tungsten W was fabricated using classical powder technology. Sintering of the ceramic samples was performed by the free sintering method (pressureless sintering). The influence of samarium on [...] Read more.
In this work, a multicomponent PZT-type material doped with manganese Mn, antimony Sb, samarium Sm, and tungsten W was fabricated using classical powder technology. Sintering of the ceramic samples was performed by the free sintering method (pressureless sintering). The influence of samarium on the properties of PZT was analyzed using a variable amount of samarium Sm3+ (from 0.8 to 1.2 wt.%) and tungsten W6+ (from 1.4 to 1.2 wt.%) admixture compared to the Pb(Zr0.49Ti0.51)0.963Mn0.021Sb0.016O3 + W6+1.8 wt.% reference composition. XRD studies have shown that PZT-type ceramic samples have a tetragonal structure with a point group of P4mm. Field emission scanning electron micrographs (FE-SEMs) showed fine and properly crystallized grains with an average grain size of 5.65–7.70 μm and clearly visible grain boundaries. The polarization–electric field (P-E) hysteresis measurement confirmed the ferroelectric nature of the ceramic materials with high Pm maximum polarization values (from 12.38 to 16.46 μC/cm2). Dielectric studies of PZT-type materials have revealed high permittivity values (from 1025 to 1365 at room temperature (RT) and from 18,468 to 25,390 at phase transition temperature Tm) with simultaneously low tanδ dielectric loss factor values (from 0.004 to 0.011 at RT) and low DC electrical conductivity, which are important parameters for microelectronic applications. The most homogeneous structure and the most favorable set of utility parameters are represented by the composition with an equal content of Sm and W admixtures, i.e., for 1.2 wt.%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Multifunctional Materials Obtained at High Temperature and Pressure Conditions)
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23 pages, 24751 KiB  
Article
From Powders to Performance—A Comprehensive Study of Two Advanced Cutting Tool Materials Sintered with Pressure Assisted Methods
by Kinga Momot, Piotr Klimczyk, Beata Leszczyńska-Madej, Marcin Podsiadło, Yuliia Rumiantseva and Agnieszka Gubernat
Materials 2025, 18(2), 461; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18020461 - 20 Jan 2025
Viewed by 940
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive study of two tool materials designed for the machining of Inconel 718 superalloy, produced through two distinct sintering techniques: High Pressure–High Temperature (HPHT) sintering and Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). The first composite (marked as BNT), composed of 65 [...] Read more.
This paper presents a comprehensive study of two tool materials designed for the machining of Inconel 718 superalloy, produced through two distinct sintering techniques: High Pressure–High Temperature (HPHT) sintering and Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). The first composite (marked as BNT), composed of 65 vol% cubic boron nitride (cBN), was sintered from the cBN–TiN–Ti3SiC2 system using the HPHT technique at a pressure of 7.7 GPa. The second composite (marked as AZW) was fabricated from the Al2O3–ZrO2–WC system using SPS at a pressure of 63 MPa. The final phase composition of BNT material differed significantly from the initial composition due to reactions occurred during sintering. In contrast, the phase composition of the AZW ceramic composite before and after sintering was similar. The materials exhibited high quality, as evidenced by a Young’s modulus of 580 GPa for BNT and 470 GPa for AZW, along with hardness of 26 GPa for BNT and 21 GPa for AZW. Both composites were used to prepare cutting inserts that were evaluated for their performance in machining Inconel 718 alloy. While both inserts showed durability comparable to their respective reference commercial inserts, they differed in performance and price relative to one another. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Multifunctional Materials Obtained at High Temperature and Pressure Conditions)
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Review

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24 pages, 1578 KiB  
Review
The Influence of the Binder Phase on the Properties of High-Pressure Sintered Diamond Polycrystals or Composites for Cutting Tool Applications
by Lucyna Jaworska
Materials 2025, 18(3), 634; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18030634 - 30 Jan 2025
Viewed by 759
Abstract
A review of binder phases used for sintering diamond powders under high pressure and high temperature conditions along with an outline of the properties of polycrystalline diamonds or composite materials intended for cutting tools, wire drawing dies, and drilling rocks are presented. The [...] Read more.
A review of binder phases used for sintering diamond powders under high pressure and high temperature conditions along with an outline of the properties of polycrystalline diamonds or composite materials intended for cutting tools, wire drawing dies, and drilling rocks are presented. The interaction of diamond with metals from group VIII of the periodic table, carbon-forming metals, carbides, MAX phases and with silicides, borides, and alkali carbonates is presented. The interaction of the bonding phases with diamond was determined. The influences of sintering process parameters, amounts, and methods of introducing of these phases on the basic mechanical properties and thermal resistance of diamond materials are analyzed. The investigated material properties are compared with the properties of commercial PCD with a cobalt and the SiC binder phase. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Multifunctional Materials Obtained at High Temperature and Pressure Conditions)
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