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Advances in Friction, Wear-Resistant and Solid-Lubricating Properties of Materials
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Advances in Friction, Wear-Resistant and Solid-Lubricating Properties of Materials

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Mechanics of Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 November 2025 | Viewed by 4334

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Xiangli Wen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutralization, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, China
Interests: wear-resistant material; high temperature friction and wear mechanism
Dr. Bin Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical and Electronic Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
Interests: wear; lubrication
Dr. Yanfei Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
Interests: solid lubrication; 2D materials; composites; nanoadditives; tribochemical reaction
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Wear-resistant lubrication are a viable option for reducing friction and wear in a variety of environments. With rapid advances in science and technology, techniques in more modern industrial tribo-systems rely on lubricating materials for high performance, efficiency, and durability, especially to design and produce materials that possess a high wear resistance and a low friction coefficient over wide load, speed, and temperature ranges. However, a lack of understanding of tribological mechanisms hinders the optimization design of lubricating materials and their applications in other fields.

This Special Issue on the “Advances in wear-resistant lubrication materials” hopes to attract both academic and industrial researchers to promote innovation in the application of wear-resistant lubrication materials, thereby fostering new ideas for future research and expanding knowledge in this field. We sincerely hope that you will accept our invitation to contribute to this Special Issue.

Potential topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Friction and wear properties of traditional wear-resistant lubrication materials;
  • Lubrication mechanisms of wear-resistant lubrication;
  • Research and development of new-type solid-lubricating materials.

Dr. Xiangli Wen
Dr. Bin Wang
Dr. Yanfei Liu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • tribology
  • wear
  • lubrication
  • solid lubrication
  • wear rate

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 8197 KiB  
Article
Role of Base Grease Type on the Lubrication Performance of Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanoparticles and Microparticles
by Szymon Senyk, Krzysztof Gocman, Marcin Wachowski and Tadeusz Kałdoński
Materials 2025, 18(10), 2196; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18102196 - 9 May 2025
Viewed by 248
Abstract
This study investigates the influence of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) particle size and concentration on the tribological performance of lithium and calcium greases. Formulations containing h-BN nanoparticles and microparticles at 1%, 3%, 5%, and 10% by weight were evaluated in ball-on-flat reciprocating tests [...] Read more.
This study investigates the influence of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) particle size and concentration on the tribological performance of lithium and calcium greases. Formulations containing h-BN nanoparticles and microparticles at 1%, 3%, 5%, and 10% by weight were evaluated in ball-on-flat reciprocating tests under three load conditions. The tests were conducted using a steel ball and a steel plate. The most favorable results were obtained for greases with 3% h-BN, characterized by an average particle size of 130 nm and the highest nanoparticle content. In lithium grease, this formulation reduced friction by up to 9.7% and wear by up to 69.2% compared to the base grease. In calcium grease, the same additive concentration led to reductions of up to 18.2% in friction and 70.2% in wear. Tribological performance was significantly influenced by the type of base grease, which affected the dispersion of the additive and its ability to form protective surface layers. SEM/EDS analysis of the surfaces after testing revealed that the dominant lubrication mechanisms included shearing-sliding and surface-mending effects. This study confirms that h-BN—especially in nanoparticle form—is an effective additive for improving the performance of greases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Friction, Wear-Resistant and Solid-Lubricating Properties of Materials)
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18 pages, 7200 KiB  
Article
In-Situ Monitoring and Control of Additive Friction Stir Deposition
by Evren Yasa, Ozgur Poyraz, Khoa Do, Anthony Molyneux, James McManus and James Hughes
Materials 2025, 18(7), 1509; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18071509 - 27 Mar 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 548
Abstract
Additive friction stir deposition (AFSD) is a solid-state AM method that feeds, plasticizes, and deposits solid bars using frictional heat. Although the AFSD is a promising method, its limited technology readiness level precludes its wider use. The use of optimum process parameters is [...] Read more.
Additive friction stir deposition (AFSD) is a solid-state AM method that feeds, plasticizes, and deposits solid bars using frictional heat. Although the AFSD is a promising method, its limited technology readiness level precludes its wider use. The use of optimum process parameters is critical for achieving successful results, and closed-loop control of process parameters can improve quality even further by reacting to and resolving any unanticipated issues that arise during the process. This article investigates the utilization of a process monitoring setup including various sensors to examine temperatures, forces, vibrations, and sound during the AFSD of the Al6061 aluminum alloy. Furthermore, it benchmarks the outcomes of the same process’ parameter set with or without utilizing a proportional–integral–derivative (PID). Large thermal gradients were observed at various locations of the deposit. Significant fluctuations in temperature and force were demonstrated for the initial layers until stability was reached as the height of the deposit increased. It has been shown that the change in the process parameters may lead to undesired results and can alter the deposit shape. Finally, residual stresses were investigated using the contour measurement technique, which revealed compressive stresses at the core of the part and tensile stresses in the outer regions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Friction, Wear-Resistant and Solid-Lubricating Properties of Materials)
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21 pages, 18042 KiB  
Article
Improvement of the Wear and Corrosion Resistance of CrSiN Films on ZE52 Magnesium Alloy Through the DC Magnetron Sputtering Process
by Hao-Yu Wu, Liang-Jyun Yang, Hou-Jen Chen, Shih-Hsien Chang and Hsin-Chih Lin
Materials 2025, 18(3), 536; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18030536 - 24 Jan 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 781
Abstract
The utilization of magnesium alloys as lightweight structural materials is becoming increasingly prevalent, particularly within the fields of electronics, automotive engineering, and defense. These alloys display high specific strength and excellent heat dissipation properties. The magnesium–zinc–rare earth alloy ZE52 displays superior formability and [...] Read more.
The utilization of magnesium alloys as lightweight structural materials is becoming increasingly prevalent, particularly within the fields of electronics, automotive engineering, and defense. These alloys display high specific strength and excellent heat dissipation properties. The magnesium–zinc–rare earth alloy ZE52 displays superior formability and strength-ductility when compared to conventional magnesium alloys. A CrSiN film was deposited on the surface using a sputtering technique with the objective of enhancing wear and corrosion resistance for industrial applications. A CrSi buffer layer was deposited onto the ZE52 substrate prior to the deposition of the CrSiN film, with the objective of enhancing the adhesion between the two materials. The sputtering process for CrSiN films entailed the modulation of the substrate bias voltage. The CrSiN films exhibited a nanocomposite structure comprising CrN nanocrystallites embedded within an amorphous Si3N4, which resulted in enhanced hardness. Upon adjusting the bias voltage, improvements in mechanical properties were observed, with the film hardness and Young’s modulus increasing to 16.5 GPa and 187.4 GPa, respectively. Among the various CrSiN coatings under investigation, the ZE52 alloy that was coated with a CrSiN film deposited at a bias voltage of −50 V and a substrate temperature of 250 °C demonstrated the most favorable performance, exhibiting the lowest wear rate and superior corrosion resistance. In the tungsten carbide wear test with a loading of 4 N, the coating exhibited the lowest wear rate, at 2.2 × 10−6 mm3·m−1·N−1. Furthermore, the coating demonstrated remarkable corrosion resistance in a 3.5% NaCl solution, displaying a corrosion current density of 1.23 μA·cm−2 and a polarization resistance of 1271.4 Ω·cm−2. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Friction, Wear-Resistant and Solid-Lubricating Properties of Materials)
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16 pages, 6128 KiB  
Article
Wear Resistance Design of Laser Cladding Ni-Based Self-Fluxing Alloy Coating Using Machine Learning
by Jiabo Fu, Quanling Yang, Oleg Devojno, Marharyta Kardapolava, Iryna Kasiakova and Chenchong Wang
Materials 2024, 17(22), 5651; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17225651 - 19 Nov 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 983
Abstract
To improve the collaborative design of laser cladding Ni-based self-fluxing alloy (SFA) wear-resistant coatings, machine learning methods were applied. A comprehensive database was constructed from the literature, linking alloy composition, processing parameters, testing conditions, and the wear properties of Ni-based SFA coatings. Feature [...] Read more.
To improve the collaborative design of laser cladding Ni-based self-fluxing alloy (SFA) wear-resistant coatings, machine learning methods were applied. A comprehensive database was constructed from the literature, linking alloy composition, processing parameters, testing conditions, and the wear properties of Ni-based SFA coatings. Feature correlation analysis using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and feature importance assessment via the random forest (RF) model highlighted the significant impact of C and B elements. The predictive performance of five classical machine learning algorithms was evaluated using metrics such as the squared correlation coefficient (R²) and mean absolute error (MAE). The RF model, which exhibited the best overall performance, was further combined with a genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize both composition and processing parameters collaboratively. This integrated RF-GA optimization system significantly enhanced efficiency and successfully designed multiple composition and process plans. The optimized alloy demonstrated superior wear resistance with an average friction coefficient of only 0.34, attributed to an enhanced solid solution strengthening effect (110 MPa) and increased hard phase content (52%), such as Ni₃Si, CrB, and NbC. These results provide valuable methodological insights and theoretical support for the preparation of laser cladding coatings and enable efficient process optimization for other laser processing applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Friction, Wear-Resistant and Solid-Lubricating Properties of Materials)
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Review

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23 pages, 3181 KiB  
Review
Hydrogen-Induced Degradation of Metallic Materials—A Short Review
by Alicja Krella
Materials 2025, 18(3), 597; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18030597 - 28 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1101
Abstract
Hydrogen is currently used as an energy source, and there are already vehicles (cars and buses) that run on hydrogen in our public spaces. Additionally, in the chemical, petrochemical and nuclear industries, many devices come into contact with hydrogen. This short review covers [...] Read more.
Hydrogen is currently used as an energy source, and there are already vehicles (cars and buses) that run on hydrogen in our public spaces. Additionally, in the chemical, petrochemical and nuclear industries, many devices come into contact with hydrogen. This short review covers a broad range of topics related to HE, i.e., the main hydrogen charging methods, aspects related to hydrogen diffusion in metallic materials, and the main models of hydrogen-induced material degradation and their assumptions, and discusses the influence of hydrogen on the properties and degradation of different metallic materials used in the industry based on the latest research results. This review focuses on the four primary groups of materials used in hydrogen devices, i.e., steels, aluminium alloys, nickel alloys and titanium alloys. The basic information on the influence of hydrogen on the structure and properties, mainly elongation, hardness and tensile strength, of these metallic material groups are presented. The influence of the method of hydrogen charging and the time of hydrogen saturation, as well as the effect of structure, on the content of hydrogen in the material, as well as on such material properties as hardness, tensile strength, and fatigue strength, is shown. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Friction, Wear-Resistant and Solid-Lubricating Properties of Materials)
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