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Manufacturing, Heat Treatment and Forming of Advanced Metallic and Ceramic Materials (2nd Edition)

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Manufacturing Processes and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 January 2025 | Viewed by 5005

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Marcin Wachowski

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Military University of Technology, 2 gen.S.Kaliskiego St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: advanced joining processes; explosive welding; friction stir welding; laser welding; cladding; multilayer materials; materials characterization; heat treatment; light alloys; ceramic–metal composites; slip casting
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Henryk Paul

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences in Krakow, 25 Reymonta St., 30-059 Krakow, Poland
Interests: explosive welding; TEM and SEM materials characterization; severe plastic deformation; plastic flow instabilities formation; recovery and recrystallization, phase transformations; light alloys; reactive metals
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Sebastian Mróz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Czestochowa University of Technology, 69 Generała Jana Henryka Dąbrowskiego St., 42-201 Częstochowa, Poland
Interests: metal-forming processes; rolling; forging; extrusion; drawing; explosive welding; multilayer materials; steel; Mg alloys; aluminum alloys; nanomaterials; FE analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Metallic and ceramic materials play a significant role in the development of modern science and technology. They have a broad range of applications in various engineering fields. A proper manufacturing process, heat treatment and forming are three main processes that can lead to obtaining metallic and ceramic materials which are created mainly to discover new or improved materials of construction, e.g., due to their strength properties. The main aim of this Special Issue is to publish original reviews and research articles from a wide range of research fields involving manufacturing, heat treatment and forming processes of metallic and ceramic materials.

It is our pleasure to invite you to submit a manuscript for this Special Issue which provides an excellent opportunity for those who are working within these continuously evolving fields.

Prof. Dr. Sebastian Mróz
Dr. Marcin Wachowski
Prof. Dr. Henryk Paul
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • manufacturing
  • heat treatment
  • forming
  • welding
  • metallic materials
  • ceramics
  • composites
  • sintering

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 8358 KiB  
Article
Calibration Method of Measuring Heads for Testing Residual Stresses in Sheet Metal Using the Barkhausen Method
by Tomasz Garstka, Piotr Szota, Sebastian Mróz, Grzegorz Stradomski, Jakub Gróbarczyk and Radosław Gryczkowski
Materials 2024, 17(18), 4584; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17184584 - 18 Sep 2024
Viewed by 294
Abstract
Among non-destructive testing methods, a group dedicated to the assessment of the state of residual stresses can be distinguished. The method of measuring residual stresses using the Barkhausen noise method has many advantages, as evidenced by the number of publications. The residual stresses [...] Read more.
Among non-destructive testing methods, a group dedicated to the assessment of the state of residual stresses can be distinguished. The method of measuring residual stresses using the Barkhausen noise method has many advantages, as evidenced by the number of publications. The residual stresses in metal products are important for the further processing of such metal, such as laser cutting or bending. The results presented in this work are of an experimental nature, and the presented method of calibration of measuring heads shows how various research techniques can be used to correlate results. The research was carried out for structural steel due to the market share of this type of steel. The method can be used to measure the residual stresses in ferromagnetic metal products in order to assess their directions and quantify them. A prerequisite for the use of this measurement method is that the amplitude and geometry of the Barkhausen noise are adequately correlated to the specific values of the state of stress depending on the tested steel grade or other metals. In this study, a method for calibrating measuring sensors for the residual stress measurements is presented, as developed by the authors. The method involved conducting bending tests in both numerical modeling and experimental tests. During the bending tests, changes in the magnetic field (Barkhausen noise waveform) were recorded, taking into account the state of elastic stresses. Correlating the results of the numerical calculations and Barkhausen noise measurements made it possible to determine the quantitative values of the residual stresses in the steel sheets. Thanks to the method used, very accurate measurement is possible, and the obtained results are repeatable. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Manufacturing, Heat Treatment and Forming of Advanced Metallic and Ceramic Materials (2nd Edition))
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14 pages, 1544 KiB  
Article
Vision Inspection Method for the Quality Assessment of Paint Coatings on Glassware
by Damian Dubis, Andrzej Chochół, Izabela Betlej, Piotr Boruszewski and Piotr Borysiuk
Materials 2024, 17(18), 4566; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17184566 - 17 Sep 2024
Viewed by 446
Abstract
Image analysis is becoming increasingly popular in many industries. Its use is perfect for, among other things, assessing the quality of products on or off the production line. Highly automated, high-performance systems can be used for this purpose. However, there are situations in [...] Read more.
Image analysis is becoming increasingly popular in many industries. Its use is perfect for, among other things, assessing the quality of products on or off the production line. Highly automated, high-performance systems can be used for this purpose. However, there are situations in which automated vision systems cannot be used on the production line due to the specific nature of the process. One such situation is testing the resistance of paint applied to glass when washing in automatic dishwashers. It is carried out outside the production line, and typical production vision systems are not used here. An attempt was made to develop a cheap and easy-to-implement research method enabling quantitative measurement of paint loss on glass when testing the coating’s resistance to automatic washing. For this purpose, analysis of images taken during the study was carried out. The developed method is based on taking a series of photos of the tested object between each stage of the wash resistance test. The obtained photographic material is then analyzed by measuring the size of paint losses expressed in the number of pixels. Then, the percentage of paint loss is calculated. This method is cheap to implement and highly accurate. Statistical analysis of the results confirmed the method’s accuracy at 98%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Manufacturing, Heat Treatment and Forming of Advanced Metallic and Ceramic Materials (2nd Edition))
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18 pages, 17173 KiB  
Article
Influence of Post-Weld Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Plasma Arc-Welded 316 Stainless Steel
by Adirek Baisukhan, Nirut Naksuk, Pinmanee Insua, Wasawat Nakkiew and Nuttachat Wisittipanit
Materials 2024, 17(15), 3768; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17153768 - 31 Jul 2024
Viewed by 495
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) on the microstructures and mechanical properties of plasma arc-welded 316 stainless steel. The experimental parameters included the solid solution temperatures of 650 °C and 1050 °C, solid solution durations of 1 h and [...] Read more.
This study investigates the effects of post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) on the microstructures and mechanical properties of plasma arc-welded 316 stainless steel. The experimental parameters included the solid solution temperatures of 650 °C and 1050 °C, solid solution durations of 1 h and 4 h, and quenching media of water and air. The mechanical properties were evaluated using Vickers hardness testing, tensile testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical microscopy (OM). The highest ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 693.93 MPa and Vickers hardness of 196.4 in the welded zone were achieved by heat-treating at 650 °C for one hour, quenching in water, and aging at 500 °C for 24 h. Heat-treating at 650 °C for one hour, followed by quenching in water and aging at 500 °C for 24 h results in larger dendritic δ grains and contains more σ phase compared to the other conditions, resulting in increased strength and hardness. Additionally, it shows wider and shallower dimple structures, which account for its reduced impact toughness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Manufacturing, Heat Treatment and Forming of Advanced Metallic and Ceramic Materials (2nd Edition))
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18 pages, 13360 KiB  
Article
Comparative Study of the Dimensional and Shape Accuracy of Parts Made of 316L Manufactured Using the SLM and Casting Methods after Milling and WEDM
by Magdalena Machno and Wojciech Zębala
Materials 2024, 17(12), 2907; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17122907 - 14 Jun 2024
Viewed by 520
Abstract
Parts made using selective laser melting (SLM) often require improvements to the quality of side surfaces. Therefore, the analysis of the machinability of metallic printed material is new/innovative. The surface of printed parts requires improvement in quality—surface roughness. Hence, there is a need [...] Read more.
Parts made using selective laser melting (SLM) often require improvements to the quality of side surfaces. Therefore, the analysis of the machinability of metallic printed material is new/innovative. The surface of printed parts requires improvement in quality—surface roughness. Hence, there is a need for effective manufacturing techniques that improve the quality of the side surfaces of printed parts. In our work, we try to fill this research gap. This work comparatively analyzed the surface quality (roughness parameter Ra) after milling and wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM). The processed material was AISI 316L stainless steel, which was produced using the casting and SLM method. In the case of printed material, the influence of the direction of the tool (perpendicular, parallel) on the arrangement of sintered layers was also analyzed. The analysis of the results showed that processing the cast material and processing the material perpendicular to the arrangement of the layers gives similar results—similar relationships between the processing parameters and surface roughness were observed. However, processing parallel to the arrangement of sintered layers showed ambiguity in the relationships. Moreover, the best results of the Ra parameter (0.1–0.2 µm) were obtained for feeds of 0.08 mm/rev and 0.12 mm/rev and a cutting speed of 90 m/min. In this work, the novelty is the comparison of the surfaces of materials manufactured using different techniques (SLM, casting) after milling and WEDM processing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Manufacturing, Heat Treatment and Forming of Advanced Metallic and Ceramic Materials (2nd Edition))
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17 pages, 17001 KiB  
Article
Mechanical Properties of the AlCu4Mg1 Alloy Joint Manufactured by Underwater Friction Stir Welding
by Ireneusz Szachogłuchowicz, Lucjan Śnieżek and Adam Wójcik
Materials 2024, 17(8), 1722; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17081722 - 9 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1140
Abstract
The manuscript presents the results of butt joining of 3-millimeter-thick AlCu4Mg1 alloy sheets using the FSW (friction stir welding) and UWFSW (underwater friction stir welding) methods. The aim of the research is to verify the influence of the water environment on the FSW [...] Read more.
The manuscript presents the results of butt joining of 3-millimeter-thick AlCu4Mg1 alloy sheets using the FSW (friction stir welding) and UWFSW (underwater friction stir welding) methods. The aim of the research is to verify the influence of the water environment on the FSW friction welding process. The article checked three sets of joint parameters. The parameters differed in tool rotation speed and feed rate. The same sets of parameters were used for the FSW and UWFSW fusion techniques. With the supplied devices, metallographic sections are cross-sectioned, and the power supplies are subjected to a light microscope. Microhardness tests and the influence of the heat-affected zone were carried out. A monotonic test was performed. A monotonic test is available, extended with a visual correlation test. The obtained cracked fracture surfaces were examined using a scanning microscope. An analysis of the microfractographic cracking process was carried out. The obtained results did not show any improvement in the strength properties of the obtained joints made using the UWFSW technique when using a scanning microscope. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Manufacturing, Heat Treatment and Forming of Advanced Metallic and Ceramic Materials (2nd Edition))
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17 pages, 17064 KiB  
Article
Improvement of Formability in Parallel Double-Branched Tube Hydroforming Combined with Pre-Forming and Crushing Processes
by Mingtao Chen, Jinhao Hu, Yunya Xiao, Junwei Liang, Zhiwei Ye, Hongchao Wu, Feng Zhou, Guisheng Mao, Hui Long, Wei Tang and Xiaoting Xiao
Materials 2024, 17(6), 1327; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17061327 - 13 Mar 2024
Viewed by 754
Abstract
In hydroforming of parallel double-branch tubes, the material entering the branch zone is obstructed by material accumulation in the main tubes and corners, which decreases the branch height. A tube hydroforming approach is combined with pre-forming and crushing (THPC) to mitigate this problem. [...] Read more.
In hydroforming of parallel double-branch tubes, the material entering the branch zone is obstructed by material accumulation in the main tubes and corners, which decreases the branch height. A tube hydroforming approach is combined with pre-forming and crushing (THPC) to mitigate this problem. A larger diameter tube blank is flattened for pre-forming and then subjected to radial compression for crushing. In the next step, hydroforming forms the parallel double-branch tubes. Experiments and numerical simulations are then carried out to analyze the effect of traditional tube hydroforming (TTH) and the proposed THPC process on the formability of parallel double-branch tubes. The results show that for tubes obtained via THPC, the tube burst pressure increases by 27.5% and the branch height increases 2.37-fold compared to TTH. Additionally, the flattening, pre-forming, and crushing stages cause work hardening of the tube when using the TPHC process. Flattened tubes undergo radial compression to improve the material flowing into the branch tube. The formability of parallel double-branched tubes can be improved by using the TPHC process. Consequently, tube hydroforming, combined with pre-forming and crushing, has been confirmed as a feasible forming process for fabricating parallel double-branch tubes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Manufacturing, Heat Treatment and Forming of Advanced Metallic and Ceramic Materials (2nd Edition))
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18 pages, 6365 KiB  
Article
Effect of the Rolling Process on the Properties of the Mg/Al Bimetallic Bars Obtained by the Explosive Welding Method
by Sebastian Mróz, Karina Jagielska-Wiaderek, Andrzej Stefanik, Piotr Szota, Marcin Wachowski, Robert Kosturek and Marta Lipińska
Materials 2023, 16(21), 6971; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16216971 - 30 Oct 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 877
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the influence of the rolling process on the microstructure and corrosion properties of the Mg/Al bimetallic bars obtained by the explosive welding method. The bars investigated were rolled using two different types of rolling: classical rolling (Variant I) [...] Read more.
This study aims to analyze the influence of the rolling process on the microstructure and corrosion properties of the Mg/Al bimetallic bars obtained by the explosive welding method. The bars investigated were rolled using two different types of rolling: classical rolling (Variant I) and modified rolling (Variant II). Two different temperatures (300 °C and 400 °C) for each of the variables were applied as well. In this study, rods with an aluminum plating layer constituting 16.8% of the cross-sectional area and an average thickness of about 0.93 mm were investigated. Based on the revealed results, it was found that after the rolling process, the material shows clearly lower values of both icor and current in the passive range. In the joint zone of Mg/Al rods rolled at 400 °C, Al3Mg2 and Mg17Al12 intermetallic phases are distinguished, localized next to the Mg core, and characterized by columnar, coarser grains. In the transition zone closer to the Al layer, only the Al3Mg2 phase is revealed, characterized by a refined, small grain size. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Manufacturing, Heat Treatment and Forming of Advanced Metallic and Ceramic Materials (2nd Edition))
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