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Incorporating Advanced New or Recycled Materials in Reinforced Concrete Structures
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Incorporating Advanced New or Recycled Materials in Reinforced Concrete Structures

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Construction and Building Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 June 2025 | Viewed by 4534

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ayman El-Zohairy

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering and Technology, East Texas A&M University, Commerce, TX 75429, USA
Interests: innovative materials for concrete structures; green building; recycled concrete; rehabilitation of buildings and bridges; reinforced concrete structures; composite structures; finite element analysis; structural analysis; composite materials; material characterization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Antonio Caggiano

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
Interests: sustainability in construction and building materials; recycling; smart materials; smart buildings; energy-saving; green buildings; eco-friendly materials; nearly zero-energy buildings; energy efficiency; energy storage; phase change materials; renewable energy resources; zero CO2 emissions; CO2 storage in materials; modeling; multiscale; multiphysics; micro- and meso-scale
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Baoguo Han

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Civil Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Interests: cement and concrete composites; self-sensing concrete for smart structures; nano-engineered cementitious composites; (ultra)high performance and smart/multifunctional concrete materials and structures
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is possible to improve the properties of normal concrete by incorporating new materials, as well as recycled ones. Fiber, rubber, recycled concrete aggregate, and cementitious materials are recognized as high-performance construction materials because of their high toughness levels under compressive and tensile loads, as well as their cost-effectiveness. Moreover, investigating the utilization of waste materials, recycled concrete aggregates, and geo-polymers in the formulation of 3D printing mixes presents a viable strategy to accomplish sustainability goals and advance the circular economy. Therefore, incorporating these materials in reinforced concrete structures represents an innovative area of research.

This Special Issue will focus on emerging concepts that enable the design of reinforced concrete structures including new, improved, or recycled concrete materials, as well as the characterization of the properties of typical reinforced concrete structures.

We invite submissions of authoritative review articles and original research papers describing recent findings in the field of reinforced concrete structures using advanced new or recycled materials, covering a range of topics.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Material innovation in concrete 3D printing;
  • Design of reinforced concrete structures using advanced new or recycled materials;
  • High-performance fiber-reinforced concrete composites;
  • Multifunctional fiber-reinforced concrete composites;
  • Ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concretes;
  • Cementitious materials in reinforced concrete structures;
  • Green concrete in reinforced concrete structures;
  • Structural performance of rubberized reinforced concrete structures;
  • Structural application of advanced fiber-reinforced concrete composites;
  • Experimental and finite element investigations into typical reinforced concrete structures.

I hope that new ideas will promote fast developments in the exciting field of reinforced concrete structures. I invite you to contribute to this Special Issue by submitting papers on your most innovative research activities.

Dr. Ayman El-Zohairy
Dr. Antonio Caggiano
Prof. Dr. Baoguo Han
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • rubberized concrete
  • composite materials
  • recycled materials
  • concrete 3D printing
  • sustainability
  • reinforced concrete structures
  • finite element analysis
  • experimental investigations
  • cementitious materials
  • (ULTRA) high-performance concrete
  • novel concrete materials
  • fiber-reinforced concrete
  • recycled concrete

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 5793 KiB  
Article
Concrete Durability Performance in Aggressive Salt and Deicing Environments—Case Study of Select Pavement and Bridge Concrete Mixtures
by Olaniyi S. Arowojolu, Milena Rangelov, Somayeh Nassiri, Fouad Bayomy and Ahmed Ibrahim
Materials 2025, 18(6), 1266; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18061266 - 13 Mar 2025
Viewed by 543
Abstract
Transportation infrastructure such as concrete pavements, parapets, barriers, and bridge decks in cold regions are usually exposed to a heavy amount of deicing chemicals during the winter for ice and snow control. Various deicer salts can physically and chemically react with concrete and [...] Read more.
Transportation infrastructure such as concrete pavements, parapets, barriers, and bridge decks in cold regions are usually exposed to a heavy amount of deicing chemicals during the winter for ice and snow control. Various deicer salts can physically and chemically react with concrete and result in damage and deterioration. Currently, Idaho uses four different types of deicers during the winter: salt brine, mag bud converse, freeze guard plus, and mag chloride. The most often utilized substance is salt brine, which is created by dissolving rock salt at a concentration of 23.3%. Eight concrete mixtures for paving and structural purposes were made and put through a battery of durability tests. Following batching, measurements were made of the unit weight, entrained air, slump, and super air meter (SAM) fresh characteristics. Rapid freeze–thaw (F-T) cycle experiments, deicing scaling tests, and surface electrical resistivity testing were used to test and assess all mixes. Tests with mag bud converse, freeze guard plus mag chloride, and acid-soluble chloride were conducted following an extended period of soaking in salt brine. Two different structural mixtures were suggested as a result of the severe scaling observed in the structural mixtures lacking supplemental cementitious materials (SCMs) and the moderate scaling observed in the other combinations. The correlated values of the SAM number with the spacing factor have been shown that mixture with no SCMs has a spacing factor of 0.24, which is higher than the recommended value of 0.2 and concentrations of acid soluble chloride over the threshold limit were discernible. In addition, the highest weight of calcium hydroxide using the TGA test was observed. For all examined mixes, the residual elastic moduli after 300 cycles varied between 76.0 and 83.3 percent of the initial moduli. Mixture M5 displayed the lowest percentage of initial E (76.0 percent), while mixtures M1 and M2 showed the highest percentage of residual E (83.3 and 80.0 percent, respectively) among the evaluated combinations. There were no significant variations in the percentage of maintained stiffness between the combinations. As a result, it was difficult to identify distinct patterns about how the air content or SAM number affected the mixture’s durability. Class C coal fly ash and silica fume were present in the suggested mixtures, which were assessed using the same testing matrix as the original mixtures. Because of their exceptional durability against large concentrations of chemical deicers, the main findings suggest altering the concrete compositions to incorporate SCMs in a ternary form. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Incorporating Advanced New or Recycled Materials in Reinforced Concrete Structures)
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22 pages, 3553 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Various Mitigation Strategies of Alkali-Silica Reactions in Concrete Using Accelerated Mortar Test
by Abdullah Almakrab, Mohamed T. Elshazli, Ahmed Ibrahim and Yasser A. Khalifa
Materials 2024, 17(20), 5124; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17205124 - 21 Oct 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1807
Abstract
The widespread use of reinforced concrete continues to face challenges, particularly in mitigating alkali-silica reaction (ASR), due to its detrimental effects on concrete strength and durability. This paper investigates the effectiveness of using binary supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in mitigating ASR by incorporating [...] Read more.
The widespread use of reinforced concrete continues to face challenges, particularly in mitigating alkali-silica reaction (ASR), due to its detrimental effects on concrete strength and durability. This paper investigates the effectiveness of using binary supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in mitigating ASR by incorporating metakaolin (MK) and waste glass powder (GP) as partial replacements for cement. Additionally, the potential of a new cement product, “NewCem Plus” (NCM), along with the use of basalt fibers and lithium, was evaluated through a 14-day accelerated mortar bar test following the ASTM C1260. This study also assessed concrete’s properties such as its compressive strength and workability using the flow test. The results indicated that MK was effective, reducing expansion by 79%, 84%, and 88% with 10%, 20%, and 30% cement replacement, respectively, compared to the control mixture. On the other hand, GP showed a more modest reduction in expansion, with 10%, 20%, and 30% replacement levels reducing expansion by 20%, 43%, and 75%, respectively. Furthermore, the addition of lithium to MK significantly mitigated ASR, reducing expansion below the ASTM threshold. However, mixtures containing NewCem Plus, lithium, and basalt fibers showed minimal impact on ASR reduction. These findings underscore the viability of using binary or ternary blends of SCMs to mitigate ASR in concrete, encouraging their adoption in future concrete applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Incorporating Advanced New or Recycled Materials in Reinforced Concrete Structures)
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25 pages, 23025 KiB  
Article
Numerical Simulation of Rubber Concrete Considering Fatigue Damage Accumulation of Cohesive Zone Model
by Cai Liu, Houmin Li, Kai Min, Wenchao Li and Keyang Wu
Materials 2024, 17(20), 5018; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17205018 - 14 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1385
Abstract
Rubber concrete (RC) has been used in fatigue-resistant components due to its durability, yet the numerical simulation of its fatigue properties remains in its early stages. This study proposes a cohesive zone model (CZM) that accounts for the accumulation of fatigue damage at [...] Read more.
Rubber concrete (RC) has been used in fatigue-resistant components due to its durability, yet the numerical simulation of its fatigue properties remains in its early stages. This study proposes a cohesive zone model (CZM) that accounts for the accumulation of fatigue damage at the mesoscale to investigate the fatigue performance of RC. The model integrates static and fatigue damage in the CZM, effectively capturing damage caused by fatigue loading. Validation was conducted using experimental data from the existing literature. Based on this validation, four concrete beams with varying rubber replacement rates (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) were tested. The CZM was employed to describe the mechanical behavior of the interface transition zones (ITZs) and the mortar interior, which were simulated and analyzed under different stress levels. The results demonstrate that the model accurately simulates crack propagation paths, interface damage evolution, and the fatigue life of RC beams under fatigue loading. A functional relationship between fatigue life and stress level was established for various rubber replacement rates. This study provides a reference model for numerical simulations of RC under fatigue loading conditions and introduces new approaches for analyzing the fatigue performance of other materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Incorporating Advanced New or Recycled Materials in Reinforced Concrete Structures)
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