Logistics

17 pages, 1256 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Analysis of the Activities That Make Up the Reverse Logistics Processes and Their Importance for the Future of Logistics Networks: An Exploratory Study Using the TOPSIS Technique

by Vitor William Batista Martins, Denilson Ricardo de Lucena Nunes, André Cristiano Silva Melo, Rayra Brandão, Antônio Erlindo Braga Júnior and Verônica de Menezes Nascimento Nagata

Logistics 2022, 6(3), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics6030060 - 16 Aug 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4454

Abstract

Background: The wide variety of terms that converge in reverse logistics have been more evident and discussed in the current context of the literature, such as reverse channels, reverse supply chain, closed-loop supply chain, and circular supply chain. Regarding this, this paper [...] Read more.

Background: The wide variety of terms that converge in reverse logistics have been more evident and discussed in the current context of the literature, such as reverse channels, reverse supply chain, closed-loop supply chain, and circular supply chain. Regarding this, this paper aimed to investigate the level of uncertainty about the activities that make up the Reverse Logistics process in the opinion of professionals working in this area in Brazil, to develop a discussion relating to the sustainable development goals proposed by the UN and their importance for the future of logistics networks. Methods: Initially, through a detailed systematic review of the literature, the activities that make up the RL processes were identified. Then, a questionnaire was elaborated on regarding such activities, and a survey was developed with professionals in the area. The data obtained were analyzed through a descriptive analysis of means, calculation of Cronbach’s Alpha, and using the multicriteria decision technique TOPSIS. Results: It is possible to see that professionals involved with RL processes in Brazil still have many doubts regarding which activities belong to the RL process. In the opinion of Brazilian professionals, 10 of these activities have generated high levels of uncertainties about their belonging or not to the RL process. On the other hand, with a low level of uncertainty, 3 activities were not considered and 3 were considered to make up the RL process. Conclusions: It is believed that this study can contribute to the generation of knowledge by comparing basic information in the scientific literature with the practical knowledge of professionals belonging to the reverse logistics sector working in the Brazilian context. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current State and Future of International Logistics Networks—The Role of Digitalization and Sustainability in a Globalized World)

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20 pages, 3920 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Adoption and Influence of Robotic Process Automation in Beef Supply Chains

by Khushboo E-Fatima, Rasoul Khandan, Amin Hosseinian-Far, Dilshad Sarwar and Hareer Fatima Ahmed

Logistics 2022, 6(3), 48; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics6030048 - 12 Jul 2022

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 7664

Abstract

Background: This paper aims to critically examine the potential barriers to the implementation and adoption of Robotic Process Automation (RPA) in the beef supply chain. The beef supply chain has been challenging due to its complex processes, activities, and management. The beef [...] Read more.

Background: This paper aims to critically examine the potential barriers to the implementation and adoption of Robotic Process Automation (RPA) in the beef supply chain. The beef supply chain has been challenging due to its complex processes, activities, and management. The beef industry has relied heavily on the human workforce in the past; however, RPA adoption allows automating tasks that are repetitive and strenuous in nature to enhance beef quality, safety and security. There are considerable potential barriers to RPA adoption as organisations have not focused on trying to eliminate them due to various reasons. Previous studies lack knowledge related to potential barriers to RPA adoption, so this creates a research gap and requires attention. Methods: Statistical data and information are extracted using secondary data relevant to RPA adoption in the beef supply chain. A business process model is formed which uses values or variables using existing statistical data and information. Simulation of the process model is carried out using Simul8 software and analyses of different scenarios help in choosing the best approach for RPA adoption. Results: The results have identified the potential barriers in RPA adoption through the simulation process thus ensuring RPA performs with more potential. Analysis of ‘what-if’ scenarios allow organisational and employee-level improvements along with enhancing RPA’s accuracy. Conclusion: The process model is a generic model for use in real-life scenarios and can be modified by organisations according to their own business needs and requirements. The study contributes in theoretical and practical aspects as it allows decision-makers to adopt RPA in a robust manner and adds to scientific knowledge by identification of potential barriers to RPA adoption. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Agrologistics 4.0: Emerging Trends and Innovative Research in Data-Driven Agri-Food Logistics)

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12 pages, 447 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Analysis of Decision Parameters for Route Plans and Their Importance for Sustainability: An Exploratory Study Using the TOPSIS Technique

by Alice Vasconcelos Nobre, Caio Cézar Rodrigues Oliveira, Denilson Ricardo de Lucena Nunes, André Cristiano Silva Melo, Gil Eduardo Guimarães, Rosley Anholon and Vitor William Batista Martins

Logistics 2022, 6(2), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics6020032 - 19 May 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3622

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to identify the most widespread performance objectives for the vehicle routing problem, the degree of comparative importance attributed to each of these performance objectives in the opinion of professionals in the logistics area working in Brazil and also relate [...] Read more.

Background: This study aimed to identify the most widespread performance objectives for the vehicle routing problem, the degree of comparative importance attributed to each of these performance objectives in the opinion of professionals in the logistics area working in Brazil and also relate them to aspects of sustainability considering environmental, economic and social issues. Methods: To this end, a literature review was carried out in the area and a survey was developed with professionals through a structured questionnaire. The collected data were treated using the TOPSIS multi-criteria technique. Results: The results indicate that the performance objectives in route plans “level of service”, “total number of vehicles” and “total distance travelled” are the ones that, in the opinion of the professionals participating in the research, have greater importance in the planning and elaboration of plan routes and that such objectives directly impact the sustainable results of a given organization. Conclusions: The results can serve as a basis for researchers in the area who aim to broaden the debates on this topic and for logistics operations managers who work directly with planning and elaboration of route plans and who aim to make their operations more sustainable. Therefore, this research addresses the literature gap by identifying which performance objectives should be considered in the elaboration of route plans and how they relate to sustainability guidelines. It is noteworthy that no other study with a similar objective was identified in the literature. Full article

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16 pages, 276 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Risk Behavior Analysis in Indonesian Logistic Train Level Crossing

by Dian Palupi Restuputri, Achmad Mahardhika Febriansyah and Ilyas Masudin

Logistics 2022, 6(2), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics6020030 - 15 May 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3811

Abstract

Background: At Indonesian level crossings, traversed by logistics trains, there are still frequent cases of accidents. The overall mishaps in 2020 were 199 cases of accidents at level crossings involving road drivers. Mental load factors affect the behavior of drivers on the [...] Read more.

Background: At Indonesian level crossings, traversed by logistics trains, there are still frequent cases of accidents. The overall mishaps in 2020 were 199 cases of accidents at level crossings involving road drivers. Mental load factors affect the behavior of drivers on the road; Methods: this study, field observations and surveys were carried out using the Driver Behavior Question-naire (DBQ) and NASA TLX to measure mental load; Results: The results showed that 62% of drivers had a very high mental load factor. The mental load factors are effort, frustration, and temporal demand. Meanwhile, based on the results of DBQ, the type of behavior that is often carried out is Violation; Conclusions: From the results of field observations, it is also known that there is a significant influence between time and type of vehicle on violations. Thus, it was necessary to improve facilities and systems at level crossings to provide convenience and reduce the volume of transportation going through level crossings to reduce the risk of accidents and violations at level crossings. Full article

17 pages, 1505 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Transportation-Induced Carbon Emissions Jeopardize Healthcare Logistics Sustainability: Toward a Healthier Today and a Better Tomorrow

by Khalid Zaman, Muhammad Khalid Anser, Usama Awan, Wiwik Handayani, Hailan Salamun, Abdul Rashid Abdul Aziz, Mohd Khata Jabor and Kamalularifin Subari

Logistics 2022, 6(2), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics6020027 - 15 Apr 2022

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 5515

Abstract

Background: Logistics operations are considered essential for transporting commodities from one location to another, helping to promote global economic activity. On the other hand, its negative impact eclipses its positive impact, namely the rise in healthcare expenditures due to its ecological footprint. Globally, [...] Read more.

Background: Logistics operations are considered essential for transporting commodities from one location to another, helping to promote global economic activity. On the other hand, its negative impact eclipses its positive impact, namely the rise in healthcare expenditures due to its ecological footprint. Globally, rising out-of-pocket health expenses result from logistic-induced carbon emissions, posing a danger to the long-term viability of healthcare. Methods: Based on this critical fact, this study examined the impact of logistics operations on healthcare costs by controlling for carbon emissions, fuel imports, and economic development across a large cross-section of 131 nations by using the Robust Least Squares Regression. Results: The findings demonstrate a U-shaped association between logistical operations and healthcare expenditures, i.e., if there is a 1% increase in logistics operations, healthcare expenditures decrease by −2.421% initially, while at later stages, healthcare costs would increase by 0.139%. On the other hand, increased fuel imports and economic growth due to logistics activities are increasing healthcare expenditures with an elasticity estimate of 0.087% and 0.147%, respectively. According to the forecasting predictions, logistics-induced carbon emissions, fuel imports, and economic expansion will increase healthcare expenses. Conclusions: A sustainable logistics operation is critical for strengthening healthcare infrastructure and meeting the global carbon neutrality goal. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Sustainable Transport Systems and New Mobility Services: Challenges and Solutions)

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19 pages, 925 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Brazil’s Agribusiness Economic Miracle: Exploring Food Supply Chain Transformations for Promoting Win–Win Investments

by José Elenilson Cruz, Gabriel da Silva Medina and João Ricardo de Oliveira Júnior

Logistics 2022, 6(1), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics6010023 - 15 Mar 2022

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 8147

Abstract

Background: For many developing countries, agribusiness has become one of the main economic sectors, with the capacity to mobilize domestic and foreign investments. Despite the potential for development in countries like Brazil, the results of these investments in supply chains have not [...] Read more.

Background: For many developing countries, agribusiness has become one of the main economic sectors, with the capacity to mobilize domestic and foreign investments. Despite the potential for development in countries like Brazil, the results of these investments in supply chains have not yet been systematically assessed. Methods: This study analyses foreign and domestic investments as an explanation for the recent growth of Brazilian agribusiness and evaluates the implications of different investment arrangements for the future development of the sector in the country. The research was based on a literature review of 12 agribusiness supply chains in Brazil. Results: Through a content analysis, the results reveal win–win situations with foreign and domestic investments supporting the streamlining of supply chains, mutually benefiting domestic and international groups and increasing the productivity of the entire sector. However, the results also reveal win–lose cases with chains and segments practically controlled by foreign multinationals in which local groups have practically no share. Finally, there are also cases of lose–win in which groups subsidized by the state are privileged in relation to others, compromising the sector’s growth. Conclusions: The current liberal business environment results in the need for a new vision of development based on win–win opportunities for domestic and foreign investments created by dynamic sectors such as agribusiness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Supply Chain through Ongoing Evolution: Lessons from Continuous Transformations)

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16 pages, 1144 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Integration of Blockchain Technology and Prioritization of Deployment Barriers in the Blood Supply Chain

by Ieva Meidute-Kavaliauskiene, Amir Karbassi Yazdi and Amir Mehdiabadi

Logistics 2022, 6(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics6010021 - 4 Mar 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4358

Abstract

Background: This research aims to prioritize the blood supply hub for coping barriers of implementation blockchain (BC) in supply chain management (SCM). Nowadays, blood supply is a crucial matter that plays an essential role in people’s lives. Hence, tracing the supply of blood [...] Read more.

Background: This research aims to prioritize the blood supply hub for coping barriers of implementation blockchain (BC) in supply chain management (SCM). Nowadays, blood supply is a crucial matter that plays an essential role in people’s lives. Hence, tracing the supply of blood is very substantial. One of the ways for the SCM of blood supply is a blockchain system. It shows how all traces of the SCM stream can flow from raw material to receiving blood into end users. However, there are many barriers to the implementation of blockchain. None of the companies can design improvement projects to resolve these barriers because of a lack of rare resources, such as human resources (HR), budget, information, etc. Methods: Barriers are first extracted from previous studies and interviews with experts in this study. Then, these barriers are customized for this case study by the Delphi method. Then, these blood supply hubs are ranked by measurement alternatives and ranking according to the compromise solution (MARCOS) method. Since this method needs primary weight, the best–worst method (BWM) is applied to obtain this weight. Result: Results have pointed out that business owners’ unwillingness was the highest priority among the nine barriers. Conclusions: Additionally, implementing blockchain for SCM of blood supply requires paying more attention to business owners’ unwillingness barriers and resolving them. Furthermore, hub 4 is faced with many problems in tackling barriers to implementing SCM blockchain. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Logistics Cooperation: Integrated Logistics Services)

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17 pages, 435 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperEditor’s ChoiceReview

Which Strategies and Corresponding Competences Are Needed to Improve Supply Chain Resilience: A COVID-19 Based Review

by Jethro Kiers, Jaap Seinhorst, Mirthe Zwanenburg and Klaas Stek

Logistics 2022, 6(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics6010012 - 1 Feb 2022

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 14465

Abstract

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, it became evident that supply chains were not as resilient as they should be. To cope with future disruptions or epidemic outbreaks, supply chain resilience should be improved based on lessons learnt from the impacts of COVID-19 to [...] Read more.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, it became evident that supply chains were not as resilient as they should be. To cope with future disruptions or epidemic outbreaks, supply chain resilience should be improved based on lessons learnt from the impacts of COVID-19 to improve supply chain resilience and facilitate the corresponding competences and skills to implement strategic changes. Method: Applying the dynamic managerial capabilities theory lens, an integrative review is conducted focused on (1) the multiple impacts of COVID-19 on the supply chain resilience, (2) multiple strategies to enhance supply chain resilience, and (3) competences needed to implement the strategic changes successfully. Result: During COVID-19, supply chains could not handle supply and demand shocks, which led to a disrupted state of supply chains. To reduce the impacts of the subsequent disruptions, companies should implement specific strategic changes and increase complementary skills and competences levels. A proposed framework indicates which skills and competences need to be developed to implement a strategic change. Conclusion: Companies must shift their focus from (cost) efficiency to creating more resilient supply chains. Additionally, purchasing professionals should develop their skills and competences accordingly to cope with future disruptions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Government Supply Chains, Manufacturing and Procurement Concerns in the Wake of COVID-19)

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25 pages, 901 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

The Logic of Collective Action for Rural Warehouse Condominiums

by Amanda Cristina Gaban Filippi, Patricia Guarnieri, Cleyzer Adrian da Cunha and Alcido Elenor Wander

Logistics 2022, 6(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics6010009 - 20 Jan 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4187

Abstract

Background: Given several bottlenecks in Brazil in distribution logistics, mainly in transport and warehouse activities, some new forms of collective action have appeared. The Condominiums of Rural Warehouses was conceived of to overcome these bottlenecks and provide better income and competitiveness to small [...] Read more.

Background: Given several bottlenecks in Brazil in distribution logistics, mainly in transport and warehouse activities, some new forms of collective action have appeared. The Condominiums of Rural Warehouses was conceived of to overcome these bottlenecks and provide better income and competitiveness to small producers in agribusiness. This article aims to analyse aspects of collective action with the focus of Rural Condominiums in the context of Brazilian agribusiness. Methods: We conducted exploratory, descriptive and qualitative research under the Theory of Logic of Collective Action lens for this purpose. Besides conducting a literature review, we conducted a semi-structured interview with the managers of the Rural Warehouse Condominiums. We analysed the data through a Categorial Content Analysis. Results: The main results show an approximation of the rural model of the Condominiums of Rural Warehouses with the Theory of Logic of Collective Action, mainly for small producers. Conclusions: We highlight the feasibility of the warehouse structure collectively, as it strengthens and provides greater efficiency to rural business and producers, inserts and integrates the industry into a competitive market environment, provides economic and social benefits, leads to cost reduction, and increased profit. The economic, social and logistical determinants show the product’s commercialisation, logistical gains, and the producers’ association regarding the development and growth of rural collective action. This paper can be helpful for practitioners and researchers interested in this field. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Supply Chain through Ongoing Evolution: Lessons from Continuous Transformations)

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22 pages, 738 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Composing Vessel Fleets for Maintenance at Offshore Wind Farms by Solving a Dual-Level Stochastic Programming Problem Using GRASP

by Kamilla Hamre Bolstad, Manu Joshi, Lars Magnus Hvattum and Magnus Stålhane

Logistics 2022, 6(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics6010006 - 10 Jan 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3524

Abstract

Background: Dual-level stochastic programming is a technique that allows modelling uncertainty at two different levels, even when the time granularity differs vastly between the levels. In this paper we study the problem of determining the optimal fleet size and mix of vessels performing [...] Read more.

Background: Dual-level stochastic programming is a technique that allows modelling uncertainty at two different levels, even when the time granularity differs vastly between the levels. In this paper we study the problem of determining the optimal fleet size and mix of vessels performing maintenance operations at offshore wind farms. In this problem the strategic planning spans decades, while operational planning is performed on a day-to-day basis. Since the operational planning level must somehow be taken into account when making strategic plans, and since uncertainty is present at both levels, dual-level stochastic programming is suitable. Methods: We present a heuristic solution method for the problem based on the greedy randomized adaptive search procedure (GRASP). To evaluate the operational costs of a given fleet, a novel fleet deployment heuristic (FDH) is embedded into the GRASP. Results: Computational experiments show that the FDH produces near optimal solutions to the operational day-to-day fleet deployment problem. Comparing the GRASP to exact methods, it produces near optimal solutions for small instances, while significantly improving the primal solutions for larger instances, where the exact methods do not converge. Conclusions: The proposed heuristic is suitable for solving realistic instances, and produces near optimal solution in less than 2 h. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances of Solutions Algorithms for Logistics Routing Problems)

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26 pages, 28218 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

COVID-19 Disruption Strategy for Redesigning Global Supply Chain Network across TPP Countries

by Takaki Nagao, Hiromasa Ijuin, Tetsuo Yamada, Keisuke Nagasawa and Lei Zhou

Logistics 2022, 6(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics6010002 - 24 Dec 2021

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 8826

Abstract

Background: COVID-19 has disrupted and adversely affected supply chains worldwide. A global supply chain network that considers disruptions is needed. This study strategically analyzes the economic and structural effects of disruption on a global supply chain network with customs duty and the [...] Read more.

Background: COVID-19 has disrupted and adversely affected supply chains worldwide. A global supply chain network that considers disruptions is needed. This study strategically analyzes the economic and structural effects of disruption on a global supply chain network with customs duty and the trans-pacific partnership (TPP) agreement. Methods: We present a cost minimization model which helps in understanding the difficulty of supplying materials or products to factories or customers if the supplier’s cities are facing disruption. This enables us to model and evaluate simultaneous considerations of supplier disruption, customs duty, and TPP in redesigning a global supply chain network. This network is modeled and formulated using integer programming, disruption scenarios, and a sensitivity analysis for customs duty. Results: Regarding the impact of disruptions on suppliers, two patterns emerge in the reconfigured network: direct changes due to supplier disruptions and indirect changes due to factory relocation. The sensitivity analysis for customs duty shows that the TPP has a positive impact on cost maintained, even in the presence of disruptions. Conclusions: Suppliers should be switched depending on the scale of disruption; when many distant suppliers need to be switched, the factory should be relocated to the country where these suppliers are located. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Supply Chain Challenges under COVID-19)

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17 pages, 1148 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Building the E-Commerce Supply Chain of the Future: What Influences Consumer Acceptance of Alternative Places of Delivery on the Last-Mile

by Björn Asdecker

Logistics 2021, 5(4), 90; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics5040090 - 17 Dec 2021

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 8848

Abstract

Background: To cope with the expected further growth in e-commerce and to be able to continue delivering at low costs, new concepts for the last-mile are needed. This paper reviews the literature and qualitatively investigates which factors influence the acceptance of four [...] Read more.

Background: To cope with the expected further growth in e-commerce and to be able to continue delivering at low costs, new concepts for the last-mile are needed. This paper reviews the literature and qualitatively investigates which factors influence the acceptance of four alternative place-of-delivery innovations in a business-to-consumer (B2C) context: (1) parcel lockers, (2) reception boxes, (3) trunk delivery, and (4) home access systems; Methods: The available literature was reviewed. Furthermore, 37 interviews were conducted and analyzed using the deductive category development method. In the following, abductive reasoning can derive detailed research models that may form the basis for future confirmative studies; Results: The research gains more detailed insights into how consumers perceive innovative last-mile place-of-delivery concepts. The study provides a clearer picture of what factors influence the intention to use such alternative services; Conclusions: The results can be used by logistics service providers and e-tailers through targeted communication efforts and lay the groundwork for further confirmatory research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Last Mile, E-Commerce and Sales Logistics)

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20 pages, 1110 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Intra- and Interorganizational Barriers to Blockchain Adoption: A General Assessment and Coping Strategies in the Agrifood Industry

by Horst Treiblmaier, Abderahman Rejeb, Remko van Hoek and Mary Lacity

Logistics 2021, 5(4), 87; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics5040087 - 7 Dec 2021

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 6513

Abstract

Background: Companies partaking in modern supply chains face numerous intra- and interorganizational barriers when it comes to the adoption of blockchain technology. Empirical research is missing that explores how exactly these barriers can be overcome. In this paper we first explore barriers [...] Read more.

Background: Companies partaking in modern supply chains face numerous intra- and interorganizational barriers when it comes to the adoption of blockchain technology. Empirical research is missing that explores how exactly these barriers can be overcome. In this paper we first explore barriers that organizations need to overcome to successfully deploy blockchain technology. In a second step, we investigate the agrifood industry and highlight differences in coping strategies between incumbents and start-ups. Methods: We conducted a quantitative survey with 190 supply chain experts to identify barriers and an in-depth qualitative study that included 10 expert interviews to better understand the current situation in agrifood organizations. Results: The findings from the quantitative study show that the most relevant organizational barrier to blockchain adoption is the widespread lack of understanding of the technology and its potential benefits. In the qualitative study we illustrate how various intra- and interorganizational barriers can be overcome and how the resources and capabilities differ between incumbents and start-ups. Conclusions: Our results provide academics with a better understanding of the relevant barriers and bridges of blockchain adoption. Practitioners benefit from learning about the resources and capabilities they need to deploy in order to benefit from blockchain technology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Blockchain-Based Digitalization of Logistics Processes—Innovation, Applications, Best Practices)

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15 pages, 467 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

The Role of Logistics in Food Waste Reduction in Wholesalers and Small Retailers of Fruits and Vegetables: A Multiple Case Study

by Patrícia Guarnieri, Raiane C. C. de Aguiar, Karim M. Thomé and Eluiza Alberto de Morais Watanabe

Logistics 2021, 5(4), 77; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics5040077 - 4 Nov 2021

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 8198

Abstract

Background: There is a lack of studies on the waste of fruits and vegetables covering both distributors and the retail sector. Our study advances from previous ones by proposing the analysis of local retailers of different sizes and wholesalers. Our objective was to [...] Read more.

Background: There is a lack of studies on the waste of fruits and vegetables covering both distributors and the retail sector. Our study advances from previous ones by proposing the analysis of local retailers of different sizes and wholesalers. Our objective was to analyze the logistical practices to reduce the waste of fruits and vegetables in wholesalers and small retailers in Federal District, Brazil. Methods: A multiple case study was conducted with 19 retailers and eight wholesalers. We administered semi-structured interviews and performed documental analysis and direct observation. Results: The findings demonstrated the leading logistical practices of handling, conservation, management and control, and consumer awareness about food waste. The type of retailer was limited to grocery stores and fruit shops, and the type of food covered only fruits and vegetables. Furthermore, we considered the food waste generated in the logistics processes and not that after consumption. Conclusions: More than a third of the food produced worldwide is lost or wasted. A considerable part of the food waste is associated with the lack of an adequate structure of the logistical processes. The results may contribute to the adoption of practices related to reducing food waste by retailers and wholesalers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Supply Chain through Ongoing Evolution: Lessons from Continuous Transformations)

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28 pages, 2911 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Blockchain Technologies in Logistics and Supply Chain Management: A Bibliometric Review

by Abderahman Rejeb, Karim Rejeb, Steve Simske and Horst Treiblmaier

Logistics 2021, 5(4), 72; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics5040072 - 7 Oct 2021

Cited by 93 | Viewed by 32117

Abstract

The emergence of blockchain technology has sparked significant attention from the supply chain management (SCM) and logistics communities. In this paper, we present the results from a thorough bibliometric review that analytically and objectively identifies the intellectual structure of this field, the seminal [...] Read more.

The emergence of blockchain technology has sparked significant attention from the supply chain management (SCM) and logistics communities. In this paper, we present the results from a thorough bibliometric review that analytically and objectively identifies the intellectual structure of this field, the seminal papers, and the most influential scholars. We employ a knowledge domain visualization technique to generate insights that go beyond other review studies on blockchain research within logistics and SCM. The analysis starts with selecting a total of 628 papers from Scopus and the Web of Science that were published during 2016–2020. The bibliometric analysis output demonstrates that the number of blockchain papers has rapidly increased since 2017. The most productive researchers are from the USA, China, and India. The top academic institutions contributing to the literature are also identified. Based on network analyses, we found that the literature concentrates mainly on the conceptualization of blockchain; its potentials for supply chain sustainability; its adoption triggers and barriers; and its role in supporting supply chain agility, trust, protection of intellectual property, and food/perishable supply chains. Besides systematically mapping the literature, we identify several research gaps and propose numerous actionable research directions for the future. This study enriches the extant blockchain literature, provides a timely snapshot of the current state of research, and examines the knowledge structure of blockchain research in logistics and SCM with the help of evidence-based scientometric methods. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Blockchain-Based Digitalization of Logistics Processes—Innovation, Applications, Best Practices)

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15 pages, 1616 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Transparency in Global Agribusiness: Transforming Brazil’s Soybean Supply Chain Based on Companies’ Accountability

by Gabriel Medina and Karim Thomé

Logistics 2021, 5(3), 58; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics5030058 - 25 Aug 2021

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 9142

Abstract

Background: Although agri-food supply chains have become fundamental for food security throughout the world, some are associated with negative environmental and socioeconomic impacts. This study explores the possibilities of transforming the governance in Brazil’s soybean supply chain based on stakeholders’ accountability. Methods: We [...] Read more.

Background: Although agri-food supply chains have become fundamental for food security throughout the world, some are associated with negative environmental and socioeconomic impacts. This study explores the possibilities of transforming the governance in Brazil’s soybean supply chain based on stakeholders’ accountability. Methods: We used secondary data from companies’ reports and statistical yearbooks to identify key stakeholders in the soybean supply chain as well as to explore trade-offs between reducing farming expansion into new agricultural frontiers and increasing investments in agro-industrial sectors. Results: The results reveal that at the global level, multinational corporations along with domestic groups should be held accountable for improving the governance of the soybean supply chain in Brazil since foreign multinationals control 65.4% of it. At the domestic level, losses in Brazil’s farming sector can either be offset by an 11% or 5.2% market share increase in the trading segment or in the whole supply chain, respectively, since Brazilian groups control 93.4% of the farming sector but only 7.1% of the agro-industrial sectors. Conclusions: Global accountability and domestic trade-offs are fundamental for transforming governance in global agri-food supply chains. They serve as a means for overcoming the current strategy of expansion into new farming frontiers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Supply Chain through Ongoing Evolution: Lessons from Continuous Transformations)

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18 pages, 1283 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Investigating the Implications of the London Heathrow Airport Expansion for the Landside Freight Industry

by Ryan Lee, Moayad Shammut, Julian Allen, Xing Gao, Tianren Yang and Mengqiu Cao

Logistics 2021, 5(3), 50; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics5030050 - 12 Jul 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 8943

Abstract

The air cargo industry is hugely important to national economies, trade, and development. Thus far, there has been limited research on the landside freight industry. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to extend the understanding of how alterations in the air cargo [...] Read more.

The air cargo industry is hugely important to national economies, trade, and development. Thus far, there has been limited research on the landside freight industry. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to extend the understanding of how alterations in the air cargo industry impact on its landside freight counterpart. It also seeks to explore the potential opportunities and challenges this presents, as well as the measures that can be taken to mitigate unsustainable development for the landside freight industry. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect the views of key stakeholders, freight industry experts, and other professionals. Our findings show that, if the airport expansion went ahead, the opportunities would generally outweigh the challenges. Increased freight activities and other positive spinoffs would result in the long-term. Increased freight activities and employment were the prime positive implications. Conversely, increased delays due to congestion was the main negative implication. Measures suggested to mitigate the adverse effects of the London Heathrow Airport (LHR) expansion entailed strengthening of consolidation centre efforts, freight collaboration, intelligent booking systems, use of low-carbon technologies, smart scheduling for revising the timetabling of deliveries, and greater use of rail transport for air cargo. The research highlights novel insights regarding existing freight-related issues from industry and academic experts, and further thoughts in relation to increased cargo activities stemming from the LHR expansion. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Information Systems and Technology of City Logistics and Urban Freight)

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16 pages, 316 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Disorders, Vulnerabilities and Resilience in the Supply Chain in Pandemic Times

by Catarina Ferreira, Catarina Cardoso, Mariana Travassos, Mariana Paiva, Micaela Pestana, João M. Lopes and Márcio Oliveira

Logistics 2021, 5(3), 48; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics5030048 - 5 Jul 2021

Cited by 32 | Viewed by 9584

Abstract

The economic and social environment caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has brought additional pressure on supply chains because they now have more pressure to develop and adapt to a context of economic constraint. Delays in the supply chain can bring consequences such as [...] Read more.

The economic and social environment caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has brought additional pressure on supply chains because they now have more pressure to develop and adapt to a context of economic constraint. Delays in the supply chain can bring consequences such as the lack of food products by retailers, transporters and manufacturers. Thus, this study aims to examine the supply chain during the COVID-19 pandemic in small- and medium-sized food companies in the central region of Portugal, identifying potential problems and pointing out the respective solutions. For this purpose, the study uses a qualitative methodology through semi-structured interviews. It was found that small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) do not have a codified supply chain and that generally, these companies have a minimal budget, which requires a constant search for new suppliers that represent a reduction in costs. Moreover, most of the companies surveyed faced unexpected challenges, such as a lack of alternative suppliers. The present paper is original because it studies the supply chain in SMEs in the food sector during the COVID-19 pandemic, and it allows the ascertainment of practical suggestions for these companies to improve, as well as contributing to the clarification of the literature on the supply chain in times of crisis such as the current COVID-19 pandemic. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Supply Chain Challenges under COVID-19)

23 pages, 379 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

On Blockchain Integration with Supply Chain: Overview on Data Transparency

by Houssein Hellani, Layth Sliman, Abed Ellatif Samhat and Ernesto Exposito

Logistics 2021, 5(3), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics5030046 - 2 Jul 2021

Cited by 74 | Viewed by 14949

Abstract

Data transparency is essential in the modern supply chain to improve trust and boost collaboration among partners. In this context, Blockchain is a promising technology to provide full transparency across the entire supply chain. However, Blockchain was originally designed to provide full transparency [...] Read more.

Data transparency is essential in the modern supply chain to improve trust and boost collaboration among partners. In this context, Blockchain is a promising technology to provide full transparency across the entire supply chain. However, Blockchain was originally designed to provide full transparency and uncontrolled data access. This leads many market actors to avoid Blockchain as they fear for their confidentiality. In this paper, we highlight the requirements and challenges of supply chain transparency. We then investigate a set of supply chain projects that tackle data transparency issues by utilizing Blockchain in their core platform in different manners. Furthermore, we analyze the projects’ techniques and the tools utilized to customize transparency. As a result of the projects’ analyses, we identified that further enhancements are needed to set a balance between the data transparency and process opacity required by different partners, to ensure the confidentiality of their processes and to control access to sensitive data. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Blockchain-Based Digitalization of Logistics Processes—Innovation, Applications, Best Practices)

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12 pages, 549 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Towards Digital Twins of Multimodal Supply Chains

by Anselm Busse, Benno Gerlach, Joel Cedric Lengeling, Peter Poschmann, Johannes Werner and Simon Zarnitz

Logistics 2021, 5(2), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics5020025 - 26 Apr 2021

Cited by 38 | Viewed by 9345

Abstract

Both modern multi- and intermodal supply chains pose a significant challenge to control and maintain while offering numerous optimization potential. Digital Twins have been proposed to improve supply chains. However, as of today, they are only used for certain parts of the entire [...] Read more.

Both modern multi- and intermodal supply chains pose a significant challenge to control and maintain while offering numerous optimization potential. Digital Twins have been proposed to improve supply chains. However, as of today, they are only used for certain parts of the entire supply chain. This paper presents an initial framework for a holistic Digital Supply Chain Twin (DSCT) capable of including an entire multimodal supply chain. Such a DSCT promises to enable several improvements all across the supply chain while also be capable of simulating and evaluate several different scenarios for the supply chain. Therefore, the DSCT will not only be able to optimize multi- and intermodal supply chains but also makes them potentially more robust by identifying possible issues early on. This paper discusses the major requirements that such a DSCT must fulfil to be useful and how several information technologies that matured in recent years or are about the mature are the key enablers to fulfil these requirements. Finally, a suggested high-level architecture for such a DSCT is presented as a first step towards the realization of a DSCT, as presented in this work Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring the Potentials of Automation in Logistics and Supply Chain Management: Paving the Way for Autonomous Supply Chains)

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15 pages, 453 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Developing a Sustainable Logistics Service Quality Scale for Logistics Service Providers in Egypt

by Ahmed Hussein Ali, Ani Melkonyan, Bernd Noche and Tim Gruchmann

Logistics 2021, 5(2), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics5020021 - 12 Apr 2021

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 8133

Abstract

The role of sustainability has made it a vital point to measure companies’ financial performances and sustainability practices along the overall supply chain. Logistics service providers (LSPs) are among the supply chain actors that need to consider sustainability practices to present a better [...] Read more.

The role of sustainability has made it a vital point to measure companies’ financial performances and sustainability practices along the overall supply chain. Logistics service providers (LSPs) are among the supply chain actors that need to consider sustainability practices to present a better sustainable service. Therefore, we studied LSPs in Egypt, as Egypt has set sustainability goals in the logistics sector to be achieved by 2030. This research proposes a new sustainable logistics service quality (SLSQ) scale through reviewing the literature on sustainable service quality (SSQ) and logistics service quality (LSQ). While additional semi-structured interviews were conducted with LSP companies in Egypt to formulate the SLSQ scale for this specific region, the Q-sorting technique was used to confirm SLSQ measurements. Hence, we present a scale to evaluate Egypt’s overall LSPs’ service quality. Our research thereby contributes to the theory by proposing a new framework that measures the SLSQ in LSP companies in emerging countries and to the practice by tying the framework to accompany Egyptian law. The results are discussed against previous literature and concluded by showing limitations and potential future research avenues. Full article

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9 pages, 2626 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Measuring Disruptions in Last-Mile Delivery Operations

by Andrés Muñoz-Villamizar, Elyn L. Solano-Charris, Lorena Reyes-Rubiano and Javier Faulin

Logistics 2021, 5(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics5010017 - 15 Mar 2021

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 6545

Abstract

The rapid growth of urbanisation and e-commerce has increased the number of home deliveries that need to be made in retail operations. Consequently, there is also an increase in unexpected incidents, such as adverse traffic, unavailability of parking space, and vehicle breakdowns. These [...] Read more.

The rapid growth of urbanisation and e-commerce has increased the number of home deliveries that need to be made in retail operations. Consequently, there is also an increase in unexpected incidents, such as adverse traffic, unavailability of parking space, and vehicle breakdowns. These disruptions result in delays, higher costs, and lower service levels in the last-mile delivery operation. Motivated by free, innovative, and efficient tools, such as the Google application programming interface (API) and Google OR, we built a model to measure the impact of disruptions in the last-mile delivery operation. Our model considers customers’ geographic information, speed estimation between nodes, routing optimisation, and disruption evaluation. Disruptions are considered here as external factors such as accidents and road works that imply the closure of or slow access to certain roads. Computational experiments, based on a set of real data from three different cities around the world, which contrast in size and characteristics (i.e., Boston, US; Bogotá, Colombia; and Pamplona, Spain), were conducted to validate our approach. The tests consider 50 different instances of up to 100 customers per city and analyse the impact of disruptions in terms of travelled time and distance. Our results provide managerial insights for key stakeholders (i.e., carriers, consumers, and government) to define policies and development plans that improve the resilience and capabilities of cities’ transportation systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Last Mile, E-Commerce and Sales Logistics)

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21 pages, 1532 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Effective Demand Forecasting in Health Supply Chains: Emerging Trend, Enablers, and Blockers

by Lakshmy Subramanian

Logistics 2021, 5(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics5010012 - 28 Feb 2021

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 20296

Abstract

Health supply chains aim to improve access to healthcare, and this can be attained only when health commodities appropriate to the health needs of the global population are developed, manufactured, and made available when and where needed. The weak links in the health [...] Read more.

Health supply chains aim to improve access to healthcare, and this can be attained only when health commodities appropriate to the health needs of the global population are developed, manufactured, and made available when and where needed. The weak links in the health supply chains are hindering the access of essential healthcare resulting in inefficient use of scarce resources and loss of lives. A chain is only as strong as its weakest link, and demand forecasting is one of the weakest links of health supply chains. Also, many of the existing bottlenecks in supply chains and health systems impede the accurate forecasting of demand, and without the ability to forecast demand with certainty, the stakeholders cannot plan and make commitments for the future. Forecasts are an important feeder for budgeting and logistics planning. Under this backdrop, the study examines how improved forecasting can lead to better short-term and long-term access to health commodities and outlines market-related risks. It explores further how incentives are misaligned creating an uneven distribution of risks, leading to the inability to match demand and supply. For this purpose, a systematic literature review was performed, analyzing 71 articles from a descriptive and content approach. Findings indicate the emerging trends in global health and the consequences of inaccurate demand forecasting for health supply chains. The content analysis identifies key factors that can pose a varying degree of risks for the health supply chain stakeholders. The study highlights how the key factors emerge as enablers and blockers, depending on the impact on the overall health supply chains. The study also provides recommendations for actions for reducing these risks. Consequently, limitations of this work are presented, and opportunities are identified for future lines of research. Finally, the conclusion confirms that by adopting a combination of approaches, stakeholders can ensure better information sharing, identify avenues of diversifying risks, and understand the implications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gaming Simulations in Health Care Logistics)

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24 pages, 1765 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

A Model for Demand Planning in Supply Chains with Congestion Effects

by Uday Venkatadri, Shentao Wang and Ashok Srinivasan

Logistics 2021, 5(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics5010003 - 6 Jan 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4229

Abstract

This paper is concerned with demand planning for internal supply chains consisting of workstations, production facilities, warehouses, and transportation links. We address the issue of how to help a supplier firmly accept orders and subsequently plan to fulfill demand. We first formulate a [...] Read more.

This paper is concerned with demand planning for internal supply chains consisting of workstations, production facilities, warehouses, and transportation links. We address the issue of how to help a supplier firmly accept orders and subsequently plan to fulfill demand. We first formulate a linear aggregate planning model for demand management that incorporates elements of order promising, recipe run constraints, and capacity limitations. Using several scenarios, we discuss the use of the model in demand planning and capacity planning to help a supplier firmly respond to requests for quotations. We extend the model to incorporate congestion effects at assembly and blending nodes using clearing functions; the resulting model is nonlinear. We develop and test two algorithms to solve the nonlinear model: one based on inner approximation and the other on outer approximation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Supplier, Government and Procurement Logistics)

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15 pages, 6681 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Lashing Force Prediction Model with Multimodal Deep Learning and AutoML for Stowage Planning Automation in Containerships

by Chaemin Lee, Mun Keong Lee and Jae Young Shin

Logistics 2021, 5(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics5010001 - 28 Dec 2020

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 7398

Abstract

The calculation of lashing forces on containerships is one of the most important aspects in terms of cargo safety, as well as slot utilization, especially for large containerships such as more than 10,000 TEU (Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit). It is a challenge for stowage [...] Read more.

The calculation of lashing forces on containerships is one of the most important aspects in terms of cargo safety, as well as slot utilization, especially for large containerships such as more than 10,000 TEU (Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit). It is a challenge for stowage planners when large containerships are in the last port of region because mostly the ship is full and the stacks on deck are very high. However, the lashing force calculation is highly dependent on the Classification society (Class) where the ship is certified; its formula is not published and it is different per each Class (e.g., Lloyd, DNVGL, ABS, BV, and so on). Therefore, the lashing result calculation can only be verified by the Class certified by the Onboard Stability Program (OSP). To ensure that the lashing result is compiled in the stowage plan submitted, stowage planners in office must rely on the same copy of OSP. This study introduces the model to extract the features and to predict the lashing forces with machine learning without explicit calculation of lashing force. The multimodal deep learning with the ANN, CNN and RNN, and AutoML approach is proposed for the machine learning model. The trained model is able to predict the lashing force result and its result is close to the result from its Class. Full article

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17 pages, 584 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Leveraging Logistics Competence in New Product Sourcing: The Role of Strategic Intent and Impact on Performance

by Myung Kyo Kim, Ram Narasimhan and Tobias Schoenherr

Logistics 2020, 4(4), 24; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics4040024 - 7 Oct 2020

Viewed by 3569

Abstract

The purpose of the present research is to examine and compare product and logistics competencies in supplier selection decisions, which can serve as a crucial building block for competitive differentiation, in the context of the unique private label (PL) supply chain. This study [...] Read more.

The purpose of the present research is to examine and compare product and logistics competencies in supplier selection decisions, which can serve as a crucial building block for competitive differentiation, in the context of the unique private label (PL) supply chain. This study also hypothesizes about the impact of product and logistics competence on the retailer’s financial performance. Lastly, the moderating role of the product type in the proposed research model is explored. Partial least squares path modelling is used to analyze the dataset drawn from major South Korean retailers, due to the exploratory nature of the research and the use of both reflective and formative construct measurement items. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate that relationships between the desire for a particular strategic intent and performance are more complex than previous studies have implied. The findings of this research offer possible explanations on an important but understudied aspect of PL success: why not all PLs (even of the same retailer) are thriving even in a rapidly growing PL industry. We further elicit strategic recommendations for retailers in selecting PL suppliers and for PL manufacturers to differentiate themselves and achieve a superior performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Supplier, Government and Procurement Logistics)

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25 pages, 3189 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Scope of Using Autonomous Trucks and Lorries for Parcel Deliveries in Urban Settings

by Evelyne Tina Kassai, Muhammad Azmat and Sebastian Kummer

Logistics 2020, 4(3), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics4030017 - 7 Aug 2020

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 9873

Abstract

Courier, express, and parcel (CEP) services represent one of the most challenging and dynamic sectors of the logistics industry. Companies of this sector must solve several challenges to keep up with the rapid changes in the market. In this context, the introduction of [...] Read more.

Courier, express, and parcel (CEP) services represent one of the most challenging and dynamic sectors of the logistics industry. Companies of this sector must solve several challenges to keep up with the rapid changes in the market. In this context, the introduction of autonomous delivery using self-driving trucks might be an appropriate solution to overcome the problems that the industry is facing today. This paper investigates if the introduction of autonomous trucks would be feasible for deliveries in urban areas from the experts’ point of view. Furthermore, the potential advantages of such autonomous vehicles were highlighted and compared to traditional delivery methods. At the same time, barriers that could slow down or hinder such an implementation were also discovered by conducting semi-structured interviews with experts from the field. The results show that CEP companies are interested in innovative logistics solutions such as autonomous vans, especially when it comes to business-to-consumer (B2C) activities. Most of the experts acknowledge the benefits that self-driving vans could bring once on the market. Despite that, there are still some difficulties that need to be solved before actual implementation. If this type of vehicle will become the sector’s disruptor is yet to be seen. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring the Potentials of Automation in Logistics and Supply Chain Management: Paving the Way for Autonomous Supply Chains)

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27 pages, 1168 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Financial Spillover Effects in Supply Chains: Do Customers and Suppliers Really Benefit?

by Erik Hofmann and Yannick Sertori

Logistics 2020, 4(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics4010006 - 10 Mar 2020

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 7737

Abstract

Studies have shown that leading supply chain companies are associated with significantly higher company financial ratios than competitors. In contrast, little research has focused on the financial performance of the affiliated suppliers and customers of such supply chain leader (SCL) companies. Thus, the [...] Read more.

Studies have shown that leading supply chain companies are associated with significantly higher company financial ratios than competitors. In contrast, little research has focused on the financial performance of the affiliated suppliers and customers of such supply chain leader (SCL) companies. Thus, the central purpose of this paper is to determine, from a financial perspective, whether suppliers and customers benefit or lose by participating in a SCL network (so called “financial spillover effects”). Companies that were ranked in the Gartner Supply Chain Top 25 were selected as SCLs. For each selected firm, the five largest suppliers and customers were identified and compared with a control sample from the same industry. In order to elaborate on existing insights into the (financial) outcome of supply chain relationships, we applied an explorative approach with abductive reasoning, while comparing the secondary data for 224 SCL supplier (56 firms) and 168 SCL customer (42 firms) firm-years with 1940 (485 firms) and 1544 (386 firms) control firm-years, respectively. The following insights are made: First, the superior financial performance of SCLs was confirmed. Second, the financial performance of suppliers and customers showed superior liquidity and activity ratios but inferior profitability ratios. Third, suppliers showed much more significant results than customers. Full article

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27 pages, 750 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Overcoming Barriers in Supply Chain Analytics—Investigating Measures in LSCM Organizations

by Tino T. Herden, Benjamin Nitsche and Benno Gerlach

Logistics 2020, 4(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics4010005 - 26 Feb 2020

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 7310

Abstract

While supply chain analytics shows promise regarding value, benefits, and increase in performance for logistics and supply chain management (LSCM) organizations, those organizations are often either reluctant to invest or unable to achieve the returns they aspire to. This article systematically explores the [...] Read more.

While supply chain analytics shows promise regarding value, benefits, and increase in performance for logistics and supply chain management (LSCM) organizations, those organizations are often either reluctant to invest or unable to achieve the returns they aspire to. This article systematically explores the barriers LSCM organizations experience in employing supply chain analytics that contribute to such reluctance and unachieved returns and measures to overcome these barriers. This article therefore aims to systemize the barriers and measures and allocate measures to barriers in order to provide organizations with directions on how to cope with their individual barriers. By using Grounded Theory through 12 in-depth interviews and Q-Methodology to synthesize the intended results, this article derives core categories for the barriers and measures, and their impacts and relationships are mapped based on empirical evidence from various actors along the supply chain. Resultingly, the article presents the core categories of barriers and measures, including their effect on different phases of the analytics solutions life cycle, the explanation of these effects, and accompanying examples. Finally, to address the intended aim of providing directions to organizations, the article provides recommendations for overcoming the identified barriers in organizations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Artificial Intelligence, Logistics Analytics, and Automation)

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14 pages, 1811 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Strategic Analysis of the Automation of Container Port Terminals through BOT (Business Observation Tool)

by Alberto Camarero Orive, José Ignacio Parra Santiago, María Magdalena Esteban-Infantes Corral and Nicoletta González-Cancelas

Logistics 2020, 4(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics4010003 - 4 Feb 2020

Cited by 31 | Viewed by 9843

Abstract

The port system is immersed in a process of digital transformation towards the concept of Ports 4.0, under the new regulatory and connectivity requirements that are expected of them. As a result of the changes that the industrial revolution 4.0 is imposing, based [...] Read more.

The port system is immersed in a process of digital transformation towards the concept of Ports 4.0, under the new regulatory and connectivity requirements that are expected of them. As a result of the changes that the industrial revolution 4.0 is imposing, based on new information technologies and the change of energy model, the electrification of modes of transport from alternative energies and the total digitalization of the processes is occurring. This conversion to digital, intelligent, and green ports requires the implementation of the new technologies offered by the market. The inclusion of these enabling tools has allowed the development of automated terminals under a functional approach. This article aims to offer the responsible entities a new methodology (BOT) that allows them to successfully undertake the automation of terminals, taking into account the reality of the conditions of the environment in which they are developed. By quantifying the factors that facilitate or impede implementation, it will be possible to determine the strategy to be followed and the necessary measures to be adopted in the project; constituting, therefore, a novel management and planning tool. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Maritime and Transport Logistics)

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20 pages, 1643 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Future Outlook of Highway Operations with Implementation of Innovative Technologies Like AV, CV, IoT and Big Data

by Muhammad Azmat, Sebastian Kummer, Lara Trigueiro Moura, Federico Di Gennaro and Rene Moser

Logistics 2019, 3(2), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics3020015 - 19 Jun 2019

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 9168

Abstract

In the last couple of decades, there has been an unparalleled growth in number of people who can afford motorized vehicles. This is increasing the number of vehicles on roads at an alarming rate and existing infrastructure and conventional methods of traffic management [...] Read more.

In the last couple of decades, there has been an unparalleled growth in number of people who can afford motorized vehicles. This is increasing the number of vehicles on roads at an alarming rate and existing infrastructure and conventional methods of traffic management are becoming inefficient both on highways and in urban areas. It is very important that our highways are up and running 24/7 as they not only provide a passage for human beings to move from one place to another, but also are the most important mode for intercity or international transfer of goods. There is an utter need of adapting the new world order, where daily processes are driven with the help of innovative technologies. It is highly likely that technological advancements like autonomous or connected vehicles, big data and the Internet of things can provide highway operators with a solution that might resolve unforeseeable challenges. This investigative exploratory research identifies and highlights the impact of new technological advancements in the automotive industry on highways and highway operators. The data for this research was collected on a Likert scale type online survey, from different organizations around the world (actively or passively involved in highway operations). The data was further tested for its empirical significance with non-parametric binomial and Wilcoxon signed rank tests, supported by a descriptive analysis. The results of this study are in line with theoretical and conceptual work done by several independent corporations and academic researchers. It is evident form the opinions of seasoned professionals that these technological advancements withhold the potential to resolve all potential challenges and revolutionize highway operations. Full article

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17 pages, 1996 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Current Advancements of and Future Developments for Fourth Party Logistics in a Digital Future

by Hans-Joachim Schramm, Carolin Nicole Czaja, Michael Dittrich and Matthias Mentschel

Logistics 2019, 3(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics3010007 - 11 Feb 2019

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 10175

Abstract

This paper aims to analyze the potential future of the 4PL concept based on expert opinions with special regard to the influence of digitalization coming with a disruptive trans-formation of supply chains. Service arrangements, provider capabilities and benefits resulting from a 4PL partnership [...] Read more.

This paper aims to analyze the potential future of the 4PL concept based on expert opinions with special regard to the influence of digitalization coming with a disruptive trans-formation of supply chains. Service arrangements, provider capabilities and benefits resulting from a 4PL partnership are compared in current and future configurations. The research follows an explorative mixed methods approach with semi-structured interviews followed by an expert panel. This builds a basis for an online survey questionnaire to inquire on important future aspects for the 4PL concept by a sample of respondents from multinational companies. Our results show a clear trend away from simply organizing transportation and logistics activities towards the provision of an IT platform as well as further value-added service activities such as planning, analytics and monitoring. Along with this, IT capabilities appear to be an important differentiator for 4PL providers in the future. Moreover, relationships between 4PL providers and their clients become closer and more strategic, which leads to a customer valuing not only direct cost reductions but rather improvements resulting from optimized operations through superior analysis and planning functions. Full article

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16 pages, 697 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Burning Rubber or Burning Out? The Influence of Role Stressors on Burnout among Truck Drivers

by Judith Semeijn, Barry de Waard, Wim Lambrechts and Janjaap Semeijn

Logistics 2019, 3(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics3010006 - 7 Feb 2019

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 6520

Abstract

Professional truck drivers are prone to both physical and psychological stress. Such stress can lead to burnout. Drawing on Job Demands Resources literature and stress research, we investigate the relationship between job related role stressors and three components of burnout, among professional truck [...] Read more.

Professional truck drivers are prone to both physical and psychological stress. Such stress can lead to burnout. Drawing on Job Demands Resources literature and stress research, we investigate the relationship between job related role stressors and three components of burnout, among professional truck drivers who are based in the Netherlands. They were surveyed with a time-lagged design (interval of two months). In the first wave, the different potential causes of burnout were measured (role conflict, role ambiguity, quality of sleep, and the perceived emotional intelligence of the dispatcher). In the second wave, the three elements of burnout were measured: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment. The results of our study indicate that role conflict relates positively to all three components of a burnout. The emotional intelligence of the dispatcher—as perceived by the truck drivers—was negatively related with the three components of a burnout. Finally, the quality of sleep had an impact on depersonalization and emotional exhaustion. Theoretically, several job specific role stressors are confirmed to play a role in truck driver burnout. However, the top three role stressors all appeared to be related to the trucking industry, instead of a particular employer, and they may therefore require national policy measures. Full article

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14 pages, 499 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Blockchain for and in Logistics: What to Adopt and Where to Start

by Mario Dobrovnik, David M. Herold, Elmar Fürst and Sebastian Kummer

Logistics 2018, 2(3), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics2030018 - 3 Sep 2018

Cited by 190 | Viewed by 27587

Abstract

Despite the claim that blockchain will revolutionise business and redefine logistics, existing research so far is limited concerning frameworks that categorise blockchain application potentials and their implications. In particular, academic literature in transport and logistics to date has not sufficiently distinguished between blockchain [...] Read more.

Despite the claim that blockchain will revolutionise business and redefine logistics, existing research so far is limited concerning frameworks that categorise blockchain application potentials and their implications. In particular, academic literature in transport and logistics to date has not sufficiently distinguished between blockchain adoption (‘what to adopt’) and the identification of the right business opportunity (‘where to start’). In response, this paper (1) uses Rogers’ (2003) ‘attributes of innovation framework’ to identify potential blockchain applications and (2) presents a framework explicating four transformation phases to subsequently categorise the identified areas of application according to their effects on organisational structures and processes. Using academic and practitioner literature, we classify possible applications for adoption and provide a framework to identify blockchain opportunities in the logistics industry, thereby helping managers to systematically assess where to start building organisational capabilities in order to successfully adopt and deploy blockchain-based technology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Blockchain in Logistics)

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16 pages, 1940 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Use of Bayesian Networks to Analyze Port Variables in Order to Make Sustainable Planning and Management Decision

by Beatriz Molina Serrano, Nicoleta González-Cancelas, Francisco Soler-Flores, Samir Awad-Nuñez and Alberto Camarero Orive

Logistics 2018, 2(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics2010005 - 11 Jan 2018

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4830

Abstract

In the current economic, social and political environment, society demands a greater variety of outcomes from the public logistics sector, such as efficiency, efficiency of managed resources, greater transparency and business performance. All of them are an indispensable counterpart for its recognition and [...] Read more.

In the current economic, social and political environment, society demands a greater variety of outcomes from the public logistics sector, such as efficiency, efficiency of managed resources, greater transparency and business performance. All of them are an indispensable counterpart for its recognition and support. In case of port planning and management, many variables are included. Use of Bayesian Networks allows to classify, predict and diagnose these variables and even to estimate the subsequent probability of unknown variables, basing on the known ones. Research includes a data base with more than 40 variables, which have been classified as smart port studies in Spain. Then a network was generated using a non-cyclic conducted grafo, which shows port variable relationships. As conclusion, economic variables are cause of the rest of categories and they represent a parent role in the most of cases. Furthermore, if environmental variables are known, subsequent probability of social variables can be estimated. Full article

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9 pages, 370 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

The Social Investment Capital and the Cargo Volume Transported by Sea: A VAR Approach for Vietnam

by Nguyen Thi Thuy Hong, Hoang Thi Lich and Bui Thi Thanh Nga

Logistics 2017, 1(2), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics1020008 - 26 Sep 2017

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4248

Abstract

Social investment capital is one of the factors in Vietnam’s economic growth. It also has a broad impact on many manufacturing and service sectors in the national economy, including maritime transport. This article will apply a quantitative method named vector autoregression (VAR) to [...] Read more.

Social investment capital is one of the factors in Vietnam’s economic growth. It also has a broad impact on many manufacturing and service sectors in the national economy, including maritime transport. This article will apply a quantitative method named vector autoregression (VAR) to define the impacts of social investment capital on the quantity of cargo transported by sea. Special attention will be paid to investment from the government and foreign investors. Recommendations will be suggested to improve the current situation of shipping companies in particular, and the shipping industry in general in Vietnam. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sharing Economics and the Innovation of Asian Shipping and Logistics Industry—Selected Papers from the 9th International Conference of Asian Shipping and Logistics)

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