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Biomaterials in Dentistry: Current Status and Advances
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Biomaterials in Dentistry: Current Status and Advances

A special issue of Journal of Functional Biomaterials (ISSN 2079-4983). This special issue belongs to the section "Dental Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2025 | Viewed by 2102

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Maria Pia Di Palo

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Guest Editor
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84084 Baronissi, Italy
Interests: implant dentistry; periodontology; oral surgery; oral medicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Federica Di Spirito

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Guest Editor
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, 84126 Salerno, Italy
Interests: oral medicine and interconnected systemic disorders; oral microbiome, dysbiosis and interconnected systemic disorders; periodontology and implantology; applied technologies (disease prevention, teledentistry)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Francesco Giordano

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84084 Baronissi, Italy
Interests: implant dentistry; oral surgery; bone reconstructive surgery; dental materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We invite you to contribute research and review articles highlighting innovative approaches and essential findings in implant dentistry and peri-implant health.

This Special Issue will provide a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in biomaterials and biofabrication techniques in oral medicine, periodontology, and implant dentistry. By bringing together researchers and clinicians from different disciplines, we aim to foster collaboration and facilitate the translation of innovative research findings into clinical practice to ultimately improve patient care and outcomes in oral health and regenerative medicine.

Original research articles addressing the development and characterization of novel biomaterials for oral tissue engineering and regeneration; review articles summarizing the latest advances in biofabrication techniques and their applications in oral surgery, periodontology, and implantology; studies examining the use of stem cells and growth factors in conjunction with hydrogel scaffolds to promote tissue regeneration and osseointegration; prospects for the clinical implementation of hydrogel-based therapies and their impact on improving patient outcomes in oral medicine and implant dentistry; and investigations into the role of digital planning and additive manufacturing technologies in the customization of hydrogel scaffolds for patient-specific treatment approaches are welcomed.

Dr. Maria Pia Di Palo
Dr. Federica Di Spirito
Dr. Francesco Giordano
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Functional Biomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hydrogel
  • biofabrication
  • collagen
  • stem cells
  • oral medicine
  • periodontology
  • implantology
  • oral surgery
  • biomaterials
  • digital planning
  • tissue engineering
  • tissue regeneration
  • osseointegration

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1296 KB  
Article
Impact of Autoclaving on the Dimensional Stability of 3D-Printed Surgical Guides for Aesthetic Crown Lengthening
by Albert González-Barnadas, Anna Ribas-Garcia, Adrià Jorba-García, Rui Figueiredo, Eduard Valmaseda-Castellón and Octavi Camps-Font
J. Funct. Biomater. 2025, 16(8), 284; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb16080284 - 2 Aug 2025
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of autoclaving on the dimensional stability of surgical guides (SGs) for aesthetic crown lengthening (ACL) using different resins/printing methods. Fifty SGs for ACL were printed using five different resin/printer combinations (FL, SR, ND, [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of autoclaving on the dimensional stability of surgical guides (SGs) for aesthetic crown lengthening (ACL) using different resins/printing methods. Fifty SGs for ACL were printed using five different resin/printer combinations (FL, SR, ND, KS and VC). All the SGs were scanned before (T0) and after (T1) sterilization. Autoclaving was conducted at 134 °C during 4 min. The STL files of each SG at T0 and T1 were compared with the original design (TR). Dimensional stability was measured using trueness and precision. Deviations from TR to T1 were calculated in the three space axes and by measuring the area between three reference landmarks. At T0, the FL group showed the best trueness and precision, while the SR group performed significantly worse than the other groups. At T1, all the groups except VC exhibited significant dimensional alterations compared with T0. Also, VC showed the best trueness and precision values. All the groups had a significant deviation in at least one space axis, while only the SR group exhibited significant variations from T1 to TR in the area between the reference landmarks. Most of the evaluated resin/3D printer combinations suffered significant dimensional alterations after autoclaving. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials in Dentistry: Current Status and Advances)
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15 pages, 3215 KB  
Article
The Effect of Collagen Membrane Fixation with Pins on Buccal Bone Regeneration in Immediate Dental Implant Sites: A Preclinical Study in Dogs
by Yuma Hazama, Takahisa Iida, Niklaus P. Lang, Fernando M. Muñoz Guzon, Giovanna Iezzi, Daniele Botticelli and Shunsuke Baba
J. Funct. Biomater. 2025, 16(8), 281; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb16080281 - 31 Jul 2025
Viewed by 756
Abstract
Background: The role of collagen membrane fixation during guided bone regeneration (GBR) remains debatable, particularly in post-extraction sockets with buccal defects and concomitant immediate implant placement. This study evaluated whether or not fixation with titanium pins improved regenerative outcomes. Methods: Six adult Beagle [...] Read more.
Background: The role of collagen membrane fixation during guided bone regeneration (GBR) remains debatable, particularly in post-extraction sockets with buccal defects and concomitant immediate implant placement. This study evaluated whether or not fixation with titanium pins improved regenerative outcomes. Methods: Six adult Beagle dogs received bilateral extractions of the fourth mandibular premolars. An implant was immediately placed in both the distal alveoli, and standardized buccal bone defects (5 mm height, 3–2 mm width) were prepared. All defects were filled with a slowly resorbing equine xenograft and covered by a resorbable pericardium membrane. At the test sites, the membrane was apically fixed with pins, while no fixation was applied to the control sites. After 3 months of healing, histomorphometric analyses were performed. Results: The vertical bone gain of the buccal crest was 3.2 mm in the test sites (pin group) and 2.9 mm in the control sites (no-pin) (p > 0.754). No significant difference was found in terms of bone-to-implant contact (BIC). However, residual graft particles were located significantly more coronally in the pin group compared to the no-pin group (p = 0.021). Morphometric analyses revealed similar new bone formation within the groups, but with higher amounts of residual xenograft and soft tissue in the pin group. Conclusions: Membrane fixation did not significantly enhance vertical bone gain, and although the slightly higher regeneration in the pin group (3.2 mm vs. 2.9 mm) may hold clinical relevance in esthetically sensitive areas and osseointegration, it appeared to limit apical migration of the grafting material. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials in Dentistry: Current Status and Advances)
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Review

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30 pages, 2009 KB  
Review
Innovative Smart Materials in Restorative Dentistry
by Roxana Ionela Vasluianu, Livia Bobu, Iulian-Costin Lupu, Magda Antohe, Bogdan Petru Bulancea, Antonia Moldovanu, Ovidiu Stamatin, Catalina Cioloca Holban and Ana Maria Dima
J. Funct. Biomater. 2025, 16(9), 318; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb16090318 (registering DOI) - 30 Aug 2025
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Abstract
The growing challenge of biofilm-associated infections in dentistry necessitates advanced solutions. This review highlights the potential of smart bioactive and antibacterial materials—bioactive glass ceramics (BGCs), silver nanoparticle (AgNP)-doped polymers, and pH-responsive chitosan coatings—in transforming restorative dentistry. BGCs reduce biofilms by >90% while promoting [...] Read more.
The growing challenge of biofilm-associated infections in dentistry necessitates advanced solutions. This review highlights the potential of smart bioactive and antibacterial materials—bioactive glass ceramics (BGCs), silver nanoparticle (AgNP)-doped polymers, and pH-responsive chitosan coatings—in transforming restorative dentistry. BGCs reduce biofilms by >90% while promoting bone integration. AgNP-polymers effectively combat S. mutans and C. albicans but require controlled dosing (<0.3 wt% in PMMA) to avoid cytotoxicity. Chitosan coatings enable pH-triggered drug release, disrupting acidic biofilms. Emerging innovations like quaternary ammonium compounds, graphene oxide hybrids, and 4D-printed hydrogels offer on-demand antimicrobial and regenerative functions. However, clinical translation depends on addressing cytotoxicity, standardizing antibiofilm testing (≥3-log CFU/mL reduction), and ensuring long-term efficacy. These smart materials pave the way for self-defending restorations, merging infection control with tissue regeneration. Future advancements may integrate AI-driven design for multifunctional, immunomodulatory dental solutions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials in Dentistry: Current Status and Advances)
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16 pages, 569 KB  
Review
Digitally Designed Bone Grafts for Alveolar Defects: A Scoping Review of CBCT-Based CAD/CAM Workflows
by Francesco Puleio, Giuseppe Lo Giudice, Gaetano Marenzi, Rosaria Bucci, Riccardo Nucera and Roberto Lo Giudice
J. Funct. Biomater. 2025, 16(9), 310; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb16090310 - 28 Aug 2025
Viewed by 195
Abstract
This scoping review aimed to systematically map the literature on digital workflows for the design and fabrication of customized bone grafts in oral and maxillofacial surgery. The review focused on the integration of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), computer-aided design (CAD), and computer-aided manufacturing [...] Read more.
This scoping review aimed to systematically map the literature on digital workflows for the design and fabrication of customized bone grafts in oral and maxillofacial surgery. The review focused on the integration of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), computer-aided design (CAD), and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) techniques for the production of personalized bone blocks. A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Ovid MEDLINE identified 151 records published between 2015 and 2025; after duplicate removal, screening, and full-text assessment, 16 articles were included. Six additional seminal studies published before 2015 were considered through manual search to provide historical background. The included studies consisted of case reports, case series, prospective clinical investigations, and preclinical experiments. Customization strategies involved synthetic hydroxyapatite scaffolds, CAD/CAM-milled allogeneic blocks, xenogeneic blocks, and digitally guided autogenous grafts. Four studies provided direct clinical documentation of customized CAD/CAM bone blocks, while the others offered complementary evidence on digital design, scaffold adaptation, or preclinical validation. Outcomes included graft adaptation, volumetric stability, implant survival, and limited histological analyses. Despite promising short-term results, no study has yet described the complete clinical workflow from CBCT acquisition to milling and implantation of a biological autologous or xenogeneic block in humans. This review underscores both the feasibility and the limitations of current approaches, highlighting the absence of fully validated digital-to-biological protocols as the main gap to be addressed in future research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials in Dentistry: Current Status and Advances)
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