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State of the Art: Biomaterials in Bone Implant and Regeneration
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State of the Art: Biomaterials in Bone Implant and Regeneration

A special issue of Journal of Functional Biomaterials (ISSN 2079-4983). This special issue belongs to the section "Bone Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 July 2025 | Viewed by 4954

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Maria Sartori

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Surgical Sciences and Technologies, Bologna, Italy
Interests: preclinical research on biocompatibility, biofunctionality, bioactivity, and therapeutic efficacy of new biomaterials, scaffolds, coatings, biomedical devices; tissue engineering and regenerative techniques; histologial and histomorphometric techniques; osteointegration; osteolysis; fractures and bone losses; bone infection; biomarkers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Melania Maglio

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Surgical Sciences and Technologies, Bologna, Italy
Interests: preclinical research for tissue engineering studies; regenerative medicine; evaluation of experimental treatments and medical devices for orthopedic application; development of experimental modeling, alternative methods and advanced preclinical research models; imaging and histomorphometry for musculoskeletal tissue
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We invite you to submit articles to this Special Issue of the Journal of Functional Biomaterials focused on the “State of the Art: Biomaterials in Bone Implant and Regeneration”. Biomaterials have played a fundamental role since their first use, allowing for the replacement, repair, and regeneration of musculoskeletal tissues. Metallic, ceramic, polymeric, and composite materials are at the center of intense research and development activities, aimed at constantly improving their physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties to support osteointegrative processes and ensure the stability and functionality of implants. These biomaterials have applications across various orthopedic fields, from joint replacement and stabilization to scaffolds, growth factors, graft, and biologics for bone regeneration, underscoring their integral role in advancing bone implant and regeneration technologies.

Continued research and development are essential to address current challenges, which include (i) ensuring long-term biocompatibility and preventing adverse responses; (ii) balancing mechanical strength with bioactivity and degradation rates in biodegradable materials; and (iii) overcoming technical limitations in manufacturing complex scaffolds and implants.

Furthermore, to unlock the full potential of these materials in improving patient outcomes, more investigations are needed in new directions such as the following:

  • Nanotechnology and nanomaterials: developing nanostructured surfaces and nanoparticles to enhance integration with bone tissue and deliver therapeutic agents.
  • Bioprinting: advanced 3D printing techniques using bioinks composed of cells and biomaterials for precise tissue engineering.
  • Smart biomaterials: creating responsive materials that can deliver drugs or change properties in response to biological signals, improving the adaptability and functionality of implants.

For these reasons, we aim to collect the most valuable papers (including original articles and comprehensive review) on biomaterials development, characterization, application, success and failure, current challenges, and future perspectives to create a comprehensive “State of the Art: Biomaterials in Bone Implant and Regeneration”.

Dr. Maria Sartori
Dr. Melania Maglio
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Functional Biomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biomaterials
  • implants
  • bone tissue and regeneration
  • preclinical and clinical studies

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 1264 KiB  
Article
First Clinical Evidence About the Use of a New Silver-Coated Titanium Alloy Instrumentation to Counteract Surgical Site Infection at the Spine Level
by Lucrezia Leggi, Silvia Terzi, Maria Sartori, Francesca Salamanna, Luca Boriani, Emanuela Asunis, Cristiana Griffoni, Gianluca Giavaresi and Alessandro Gasbarrini
J. Funct. Biomater. 2025, 16(1), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb16010030 - 16 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1269
Abstract
Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) following spinal instrumentation surgery are among the most concerning complications. This study is aimed at assessing the effectiveness of a new treatment approach for SSIs that includes a single-stage approach with the removal of the previous hardware, accurate [...] Read more.
Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) following spinal instrumentation surgery are among the most concerning complications. This study is aimed at assessing the effectiveness of a new treatment approach for SSIs that includes a single-stage approach with the removal of the previous hardware, accurate debridement, and single-stage instrumentation using a silver fixation system (SFS) made of titanium alloy coated with silver (Norm Medical, Ankara, Turkey) by means of a retrospective observational study. Materials and Methods: The demographic data, type of surgery, comorbidities, pathogens, and treatment details of consecutive patients with an SSI who received the SFS between 2018 and 2021 were extracted from their medical records and analyzed. The patients treated with the SFS for primary pyogenic infections were excluded. The patients were re-evaluated at multiple endpoints in order to assess the rate of reinfection and the local and general complications. Results: Fifty-six patients were treated with the SFS and thirty-four patients met the inclusion criteria. Out of those 34 patients, the rate of infection recurrence or insurgence after the implantation of the SFS was 11.8%, with infection detected in 4 out of 34 cases and mechanical problems detected in 2 of the 34 cases (5.9%). The overall success rate in controlling infection recurrence or emergence was 88.2% (30 out of 34 cases). The overall survival rate of the SFS was 87%, 78%, and 71% at one, two, and three years, respectively. Conclusions: The surgical strategy with the SFS demonstrated promising outcomes in preventing infection recurrence or insurgence, with a low incidence of mechanical complications. However, further structured and comprehensive studies are essential for validating these initial findings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State of the Art: Biomaterials in Bone Implant and Regeneration)
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24 pages, 28961 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the Feasibility of the OrthoNail Hybrid Intramedullary Implant in the Human Body with Respect to Material Durability
by Dominika Grygier, Piotr Kowalewski, Mariusz Opałka, Jakub J. Słowiński, Mateusz Dziubek and Dariusz Pyka
J. Funct. Biomater. 2025, 16(1), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb16010027 - 15 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1607
Abstract
This study focuses on the development and evaluation of the OrthoNail hybrid intramedullary implant for lower limb lengthening in patients requiring significant skeletal reconstruction. The implant addresses the challenges in load-bearing during rehabilitation, providing a robust solution that is capable of supporting physiological [...] Read more.
This study focuses on the development and evaluation of the OrthoNail hybrid intramedullary implant for lower limb lengthening in patients requiring significant skeletal reconstruction. The implant addresses the challenges in load-bearing during rehabilitation, providing a robust solution that is capable of supporting physiological loads. Mechanical tests, including axial compression, tension, torsion, and 3,4-point bending, determined the implant’s load capacity and fatigue resistance, while finite element analysis assessed stress distributions in bone tissue and around screw holes during single-leg stance, with boundary conditions derived from Orthoload database data. The OrthoNail implant demonstrated excellent mechanical stability, sustaining torsional loads of up to 19.36 Nm at maximum elongation (80 mm) and 17.16 Nm at zero elongation. Under axial compression, it withstood forces of up to 1400 N, maintaining structural integrity. Fatigue testing revealed resilience under dynamic loading conditions for over 1,000,000 cycles at a load of 500 N, with no mechanical failure or material degradation observed. Stress concentrations near screw holes indicate areas for potential optimization. The findings indicate that the OrthoNail implant demonstrates excellent mechanical stability and is well-suited for clinical application, enabling early full weight-bearing during rehabilitation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State of the Art: Biomaterials in Bone Implant and Regeneration)
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13 pages, 1888 KiB  
Article
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Allows for Monitoring of Bone Fracture Healing via Changes in Oxygenation
by Cedric Nowicki and Bergita Ganse
J. Funct. Biomater. 2024, 15(12), 384; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15120384 - 19 Dec 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1540
Abstract
Bone fractures are associated with hypoxia, but no longitudinal studies of perfusion measurements in human patients have been reported despite the clinical and research potential. In this longitudinal observational cohort study, the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) device PortaMon was used to assess oxy-(O2 [...] Read more.
Bone fractures are associated with hypoxia, but no longitudinal studies of perfusion measurements in human patients have been reported despite the clinical and research potential. In this longitudinal observational cohort study, the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) device PortaMon was used to assess oxy-(O2Hb), deoxy-(HHb) and total (tHb) haemoglobin, as well as the differences between O2Hb and HHb (HbDiff) and the tissue saturation index (TSI) at three different depths in the fracture gap. Linear mixed effect models were fitted to analyse time effects. One-way ANOVAs were conducted to compare groups. The time points corresponding to minima were calculated via linear regression. In this study, 11 patients with tibial shaft fractures underwent longitudinal measurements. Additionally, 9 patients with diagnosed tibial shaft nonunion and 23 age-matched controls were measured once. In the longitudinal group, all fractures healed, and decreases in O2Hb and HbDiff (all p < 0.05) were observed, with minima occurring 19–21 days after fracture. O2Hb values in nonunion patients did not differ from the minima in longitudinally measured union patients, whereas differences in HHb and tHb were significant (all p < 0.05). Previously, the onset of hypoxia has been assumed to be much faster. The characteristic trajectories of the NIRS parameters O2Hb and HbDiff can be used to fulfil the need for a non-invasive method to monitor fracture healing. These results suggest that NIRS could supplement radiographs and clinical impressions in daily clinical practice and may enable earlier diagnosis of nonunion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State of the Art: Biomaterials in Bone Implant and Regeneration)
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