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A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Ophthalmology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 January 2023) | Viewed by 5972

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Dr. Maria Vittoria Cicinelli

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Guest Editor

Department of Ophthalmology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
Interests: medical retina; uveitis; epidemiology of eye disease

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Accurate diagnostic methods and targeted therapies have been long-sought-after in the medical field ever since the rise of precision medicine. As we acquire new tools to investigate retinal diseases, we gain new insights into specific pathophysiological pathways leading to macular edema. Artificial intelligence and new molecular biological techniques are ushering in a new understanding of diabetes, retinal vein occlusions, and inflammatory diseases. This approach may profoundly impact our clinical practice, allowing us to identify, classify, and predict macular involvement in retinal diseases. This Special Issue aims to explore the latest advances in the investigation and management of macular edema and present a way forward for future perspectives.

Dr. Maria Vittoria Cicinelli
Guest Editor

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Keywords

macular edema
diabetic retinopathy
vein occlusion
uveitis
pharmacology
multimodal imaging

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Research

15 pages, 1477 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Visual and Anatomical Outcomes of a Single Intravitreal Dexamethasone in Diabetic Macular Edema: An 8 Year Real-World Study

by Livia Faes, Amit V. Mishra, Veronika Lipkova, Konstantinos Balaskas, Chrystie Quek, Robin Hamilton, Ulrike Held, Dawn Sim, Sobha Sivaprasad and Dun Jack Fu

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(12), 3878; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12123878 - 6 Jun 2023

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Abstract

Importance: Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a major cause of vision loss in patients with diabetes mellitus. Intravitreal dexamethasone is a treatment option for patients unsuitable for or non-responsive to anti-angiogenic agents. Objective: To quantify visual and anatomical outcomes from an initial intravitreal dexamethasone injection over the expected 6-month period of dexamethasone release by the implant. Design and enrolment: This is a retrospective cohort study using electronic medical records of patients reviewed between 1 January 2012 and 1 April 2022. Setting: A tertiary eye-care center in London, United Kingdom; Moorfields Eye Hospital National Healthcare System Foundation Trust. Participants: The cohort comprised 418 adult patients with DME who received an initial treatment of 700 µg intravitreal dexamethasone in the study period. Of these, 240 patients met the inclusion criteria of ≥2 hospital visits following initial injection (≥1 beyond 6 months) and no previous ocular corticosteroid treatment or missing assessment at baseline. Exposure(s): Intravitreal dexamethasone implant (700 µg). Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s): Probability of a positive visual outcome, defined as ≥5 or ≥10 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS)-letter gain after treatment when compared to baseline (Kaplan–Meier models). Results: From the initial intravitreal dexamethasone injection alone, we observed a >75% chance of gaining ≥5 ETDRS letters and >50% chance of gaining ≥10 ETDRS letters within 6 months. There was less than a 50% chance of sustaining either positive visual outcome beyond 4 months. Conclusions and Relevance: Most patients can be expected to have a positive visual outcome following an initial injection of dexamethasone implants that subsides within 4 months. Real-world re-treatment was observed to be delayed until after visual benefits were lost in half of the cohort. Further research will be needed to study the effects of delays in re-treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Advances and Prospects in Macular Edema)

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9 pages, 266 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant at the Time of Silicone Oil Removal to Treat Persistent Macular Edema after Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Repair

by Francesco Pignatelli, Annalisa Nacucchi, Alfredo Niro, Samuele Gigliola, Fedele Passidomo, Rossella Donghia and Giuseppe Addabbo

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(4), 1697; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12041697 - 20 Feb 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1753

Abstract

Background: An intravitreal dexamethasone implant (DEX-I) was found to be effective and safe for the treatment of cystoid macular edema (CME) after vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and in silicone oil (SO)-filled eyes. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of DEX-I at the time of SO removal for the treatment of recalcitrant CME after successful RRD repair. Methods: A retrospective review of the medical records was performed on 24 consecutive patients (24 eyes) with recalcitrant CME after RRD repair who were treated with a single 0.7-mg DEX-I at the time of SO removal. The main outcome measures were changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT). A regression model was performed to assess the relationship between BCVA and CMT at 6 months and independent variables. Results: In all 24 patients, CME occurred after RRD repair and remained despite topical therapy. The mean time of CME onset was 27.4 ± 7.7 days after vitrectomy. The mean time between vitrectomy and DEX-I was 106.8 ± 10.1 days. The mean CMT was significantly decreased from 429.6 ± 59.1 µm at baseline to 294 ± 46.4 µm at month 6 (p < 0.0001). The mean BCVA significantly improved from 0.99 ± 0.3 at baseline to 0.60 ± 0.3 at month 6 (p < 0.0001). An elevation of intraocular pressure was observed in one (4.1%) eye, which was medically managed. A univariate regression model revealed a relationship between month-6 BCVA after DEX-I and gender (β = −0.27; p = 0.03) and macular status (β = −0.45; p = 0.001) when RRD occurred. No relationship between month-6 CMT and independent variables was found. Conclusions: DEX-I at the time of SO removal had an acceptable safety profile and achieved favorable outcomes in eyes affected by recalcitrant CME that occurred after RRD repair. RRD-related macular status is significantly associated with visual acuity after DEX-I. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Advances and Prospects in Macular Edema)

11 pages, 6092 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Ultra-Wide-Field Fluorescein Angiography Assessment of Non-Perfusion in Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy Treated with Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy

by Jean-Baptiste Morel, Franck Fajnkuchen, Fatima Amari, Nanthara Sritharan, Coralie Bloch-Queyrat and Audrey Giocanti-Aurégan

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(4), 1365; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12041365 - 8 Feb 2023

Viewed by 2136

Abstract

Purpose: To follow the evolution of peripheral ischemia by fluorescein angiography (FA) on ultra-wide-field (UWF) images in diabetic patients treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) for macular edema. Methods: Prospective, non-interventional cohort study analyzing UWF-FA images of 48 patients with diabetic retinopathy (48 eyes) treated for diabetic macular edema. UWF-FA was performed at baseline and after one year of anti-VEGF therapy (M12). The primary endpoint was the change in the non-perfusion index. Results: Of the 48 patients included in this study, 25 completed the one-year follow-up, and 20 had FA images of sufficient quality to be interpreted. The non-perfusion index did not significantly change from baseline after one year of anti-VEGF treatment (0.7% of the non-perfused area at baseline versus 0.5% at M12; p = 0.29). In contrast, the diabetic retinopathy severity score improved significantly between baseline and M12. Conclusions: Anti-VEGF treatment with aflibercept for diabetic macular edema had no impact on the retinal perfusion assessed by FA, but it allowed for artificially improving diabetic retinopathy severity scores. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Advances and Prospects in Macular Edema)

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