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Imaging in Ophthalmology—Volume II
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Imaging in Ophthalmology—Volume II

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Ophthalmology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2024) | Viewed by 4652

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Vito Romano

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, Ophthalmology Clinic, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
2. Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
Interests: cornea transplantation; keratoconus; endothelial dystrophy; imaging; cataract; refractive surgery; pterygium
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Mariantonia Ferrara

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Newcastle Eye Centre, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Interests: vitreoretinal surgery; vitreoretinal interface; cataract, diabetic retinopathy; retinal vascular diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Ophthalmic imaging tools currently play a fundamental role in the clinical assessment, diagnosis, management, and monitoring of a wide variety of conditions involving both the anterior and posterior segment. The introduction and development of imaging technologies, including anterior and posterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography, retinal photography, specular and confocal microscopy, corneal topography, and ocular ultrasound, has dramatically improved the morphological and functional evaluation of ocular structures. Moreover, the use of multimodal imaging has led to the identification of biomarkers and predictors for high-incidence ocular and neurological disorders.

We recently released a Special Issue titled “Imaging in Ophthalmology—Volume I" with a good collection of papers available online, accessed at https://www.mdpi.com/journal/jcm/special_issues/ophthalmic_imaging. Now, we would like to announce the second Special Issue, which aims to collect the latest approaches and findings as well as clinical studies where ophthalmic imaging represents a fundamental part of patients’ management (diagnosis, surgical planning, postoperative outcomes), including original studies as well as reviews on principles, clinical and intraoperative applications, updates, and potential future advances of ophthalmic imaging tools/methods, applications, and potential developments.

Authors should submit articles on themes including, but not limited to, the following:

  • Ophthalmic imaging;
  • Corneal topography;
  • Scheimpflug imaging;
  • Specular microscopy;
  • Confocal microscopy;
  • Optical coherence tomography (OCT);
  • Enface OCT;
  • OCT angiography;
  • Intraoperative OCT;
  • Multimodal imaging;
  • Fluorescein angiography;
  • Indocyanine green angiography;
  • Fundus autofluorescence imaging;
  • (Ultra)-wide field retinal imaging;
  • Retinal photography;
  • Artificial intelligence;
  • Adaptive optics;
  • Optic nerve imaging;
  • Ocular ultrasound.

Dr. Vito Romano
Dr. Mariantonia Ferrara
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • anterior segment imaging
  • artificial intelligence
  • glaucoma imaging
  • multimodal imaging
  • ophthalmic imaging
  • optical coherence tomography
  • posterior segment imaging
  • retinal biomarkers

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 1871 KiB  
Article
Novel Method to Measure Volumes of Retinal Specific Entities
by Myrta Lippera, Mariantonia Ferrara, Karina Spiess, Nouf Alnafisee, Naseer Ally, Assad Jalil, Tsveta Ivanova and George Moussa
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(16), 4620; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164620 - 7 Aug 2024
Viewed by 896
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study is to describe and validate an optical-coherence-tomography (OCT)-based method to easily calculate specific volumes, addressing the limitations of current OCT software in automating volumetric analysis for specific entities in retinal pathologies. Methods: After manually drawing the [...] Read more.
Objectives: The aim of this study is to describe and validate an optical-coherence-tomography (OCT)-based method to easily calculate specific volumes, addressing the limitations of current OCT software in automating volumetric analysis for specific entities in retinal pathologies. Methods: After manually drawing the specific entity on linear OCT scans using the calliper function and automated measurement of its area, the following formula was used for volumetric calculation: Volume [mm3] = ∑area [mm2] × OCT-scan distance [mm]. Retinal volume (RV) was measured by two independent observers in eyes with a normal foveal profile (NFP) and was compared with the automated measurements performed by the OCT software (Engineering GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany); the same process was repeated for the volume of the foveal cavity (FC) or foveoschisis (FS) in eyes with lamellar macular holes (LMHs). Power calculations were conducted to ensure adequate sample size. The measurements were re-acquired after six weeks. Intra- and inter-observer variability as well as comparison to automated RV calculations were analysed. Results: This study included a total of 62 eyes divided into two groups: the NFP (30 eyes) and LMH (32 eyes) groups. The Bland–Altman plots showed a high degree of agreement in both groups for inter-observer and intra-observer agreement. In addition, in the NFP group, a high degree of agreement was demonstrated between human observers and the OCT software (Spectralis). Conclusions: An easy, reliable, and widely applicable method to calculate volumes is described and validated in this paper, showing excellent inter- and intra-observer agreement, which can be applied to any entity requiring a specific study in the context of retinal pathologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Imaging in Ophthalmology—Volume II)
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11 pages, 793 KiB  
Article
Scheimpflug Corneal Densitometry Patterns at the Graft–Host Interface in DMEK and DSAEK: A 12-Month Longitudinal Comparative Study
by Antonio Ballesteros-Sánchez, Jorge Peraza-Nieves, Anna Casablanca-Piñera, Marina Rodríguez-Calvo-De-Mora, Saray Catalán-Coronado, Josep Torras-Sanvicens, Davide Borroni, José-María Sánchez-González and Carlos Rocha-De-Lossada
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(22), 7133; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12227133 - 16 Nov 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1396
Abstract
Background: To compare corneal densitometry (CD) patterns at the graft–host interface between Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK) and Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSAEK). Corneal densitometry is a quantitative assessment that objectively evaluates corneal clarity and optical quality by measuring the light backscatter [...] Read more.
Background: To compare corneal densitometry (CD) patterns at the graft–host interface between Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK) and Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSAEK). Corneal densitometry is a quantitative assessment that objectively evaluates corneal clarity and optical quality by measuring the light backscatter from the cornea. Methods: Fifty-one eyes that received DMEK or DSAEK surgery for corneal endothelium dysfunction were evaluated. The primary endpoint included CD patterns at the graft–host interface, which were assessed by the Pentacam HR device at the center point of the corneal horizontal meridian (CDcentral), and at six points on the central circumference of the cornea (with a total diameter of 4 mm) (CDI,II,III,IV,V,VI). Secondary endpoints included the best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA), central corneal thickness (CCT), and graft thickness (GT). All of the evaluations were performed at follow-up appointments one, three, six and twelve months after the procedure. Results: DMEK showed a significant overall CD reduction of −7.9 ± 8.5 grayscale unit (GSU) compared to DSAEK (p < 0.001). In addition, the DMEK group showed significantly lower CDCentral,I,II,III,IV,V,VI values at follow-up appointments one, three, six and twelve months after the procedure compared to the DSAEK group (p < 0.001). BCDVA, CCT and GT were in favor of the DMEK group with a mean value of 0.39 ± 0.35 LogMar, 552.2 ± 71.1 µm and 11.03 ± 1.4 µm, respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusions: CD patterns at the graft–host interface seem to be different depending on the endothelial keratoplasty procedure. This provides specific insight into CD changes in this critical region of surgery, which may provide a better understanding of the postoperative evolution of these patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Imaging in Ophthalmology—Volume II)
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Review

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29 pages, 350 KiB  
Review
Settings and Clinical Applications of Subthreshold Micropulse Laser Therapy: A Review
by Tania Sorrentino, Davide Allegrini, Giacomo De Rosa, Francesco Santoru, Lorenzo Crepaldi, Alessandro Feo, Giacomo Zanellati, Stefania Marconi, Ferdinando Auricchio and Mario R. Romano
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(19), 5729; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13195729 - 26 Sep 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1787
Abstract
Subthreshold lasers operate below the threshold of visible tissue damage, thereby preventing ophthalmoscopically visible thermal damage to the chorio-retinal layers. They could represent a safe and effective alternative and/or adjunctive procedure to conventional lasers in treating diabetic macula edema (DME), central serous chorioretinopathy [...] Read more.
Subthreshold lasers operate below the threshold of visible tissue damage, thereby preventing ophthalmoscopically visible thermal damage to the chorio-retinal layers. They could represent a safe and effective alternative and/or adjunctive procedure to conventional lasers in treating diabetic macula edema (DME), central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR), and branch retina vein occlusion (BRVO). This review focuses on the use of subthreshold micropulse laser (SMPL), its settings, and clinical applications. Despite their widespread use, a standardized protocol for sub-threshold laser settings has not been established yet, and thus, there is uncertainty in selecting effective and safe parameters for any specific situation. We conducted a comprehensive overview of the existing indications for subthreshold laser therapy and their settings for different retinal diseases. The debate revolves around which parameters could guarantee the safety of the procedure for each case, depending on the duty cycle, the laser wavelength, the spot duration, and the power, with laser power titration on one side or choosing a fixed lowered power value on the other side. SMPL therapy for DME, CSCR, and BRVO-associated macular edema has shown significant effectiveness in reducing the macular thickness, facilitating subretinal fluid absorptions, increasing the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and reducing the number of intravitreal injections (IVI) required annually. We presented a broad list of the laser parameters reported in the literature, organized into different tables divided based on the specific pathology, with the aim of providing a useful tool for future studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Imaging in Ophthalmology—Volume II)
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