Special Issue "Physical Activity and Exercise in Health of Older People: Current Updates and Perspectives"

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Epidemiology & Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2021.

Special Issue Editors

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Sedentary behaviour is a relevant risk factor for poor health in older adults. Moreover, increasing research is showing that physical activity could be beneficial for cardiovascular, metabolic, and respiratory health in the elderly. Furthermore, we have relevant research reporting the importance of physical activity for brain health, e.g. for dementia and mild cognitive impairment. Finally, very recent research is reporting that physical activity is important for COVID-19 rehabilitation. Given this background, with this special issue, we would like to further stress the importance of physical activity for health in older people through original articles and reviews proposed by the most authoritative authors in this field.

Dr. Lee Smith
Dr. Nicola Veronese
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • Physical activity
  • Exercise 
  • Health
  • Older Adults

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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Article
Active Travel and Mild Cognitive Impairment among Older Adults from Low- and Middle-Income Countries
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(6), 1243; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10061243 - 17 Mar 2021
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Abstract
Active travel may be an easily achievable form of physical activity for older people especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), but there are currently no studies on how this form of physical activity is associated with a preclinical state of dementia known [...] Read more.
Active travel may be an easily achievable form of physical activity for older people especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), but there are currently no studies on how this form of physical activity is associated with a preclinical state of dementia known as mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between active travel and MCI among adults aged ≥50 years from six LMICs. Cross-sectional, community-based data from the World Health Organization’s Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health were analyzed. The definition of MCI was based on the National Institute on Ageing-Alzheimer’s Association criteria. Active travel (minutes/week) was assessed with questions of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and presented in tertiles. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between active travel and MCI. Data on 32715 people aged ≥50 years (mean age 62.4 years; 52.1% females) were analyzed. Compared to the highest tertile of active travel, the lowest tertile was associated with 1.33 (95%CI = 1.14–1.54) times higher odds for MCI overall. This association was particularly pronounced among those aged ≥65 years (OR = 1.70; 95%CI = 1.32–2.19) but active travel was not associated with MCI among those aged 50–64 years. In conclusion, low levels of active travel were associated with a significantly higher odds of MCI in adults aged ≥65 years in LMICs. Promoting active travel among people of this age group in LMICs via tailored interventions and/or country-wide infrastructure investment to provide a safe environment for active travel may lead to a reduction in MCI and subsequent dementia. Full article
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Review

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Review
Current Lack of Evidence for an Effect of Physical Activity Intervention Combined with Pharmacological Treatment on Bone Turnover Biomarkers in People with Osteopenia and Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(15), 3442; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10153442 - 03 Aug 2021
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Abstract
The process of bone loss occurs silently and progressively with age, often appearing as osteopenia or osteoporosis or related fractures. Given the rapid raise in disease burden and socio-economic costs of these conditions worldwide, drug therapy combined with physical activity can be a [...] Read more.
The process of bone loss occurs silently and progressively with age, often appearing as osteopenia or osteoporosis or related fractures. Given the rapid raise in disease burden and socio-economic costs of these conditions worldwide, drug therapy combined with physical activity can be a useful strategy and bone biomarkers, can represent a useful evaluation tool to assess their effects. The objective of this systematic review, conducted according to PRISMA statement, was to investigate the effects of physical activity interventions combined with drug treatments on bone biomarkers in people with osteopenia and osteoporosis. Through PubMed, Cochrane, Cinahl, Embase, Trip, a comprehensive literature search was performed. Each study’s quality was assessed according to the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Out of 582 identified articles, 50 full texts were screened. Only one matched the eligibility criteria. The study, scored as high quality, showed, in both experimental and control groups, an increase of CTX and P1NP bone biomarkers, without statistically significant differences. Based on available evidence, no exhaustive conclusion can be drawn. However, this systematic review critically analyses the literature, highlighting the knowledge gap on combined treatments efficacy assessed by bone biomarkers. Moreover, an outlook is provided for the planning of future studies. Full article
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Other

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Hypothesis
Utilisation of Post-Activation Performance Enhancement in Elderly Adults
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(11), 2483; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10112483 - 04 Jun 2021
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Abstract
With age, many physiological changes occur in the human body, leading to a decline in biological functions, and those related to the locomotor system are some of the most visible. Hence, there is a particular need to provide simple and safe exercises for [...] Read more.
With age, many physiological changes occur in the human body, leading to a decline in biological functions, and those related to the locomotor system are some of the most visible. Hence, there is a particular need to provide simple and safe exercises for the comprehensive development of physical fitness among elderly adults. The latest recommendations for the elderly suggest that the main goal of training should be to increase muscle power. The post-activation performance enhancement effect underpinning complex training might be an approach that will allow for the development of both muscle strength and velocity of movement, which will result in an increase in muscle power and improve the ability to perform daily activities and decrease injury risk. This article briefly introduces a complex training model adapted to the elderly with its potential benefits and proposes a direction for further studies. Full article
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