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Dear Colleagues,

The area of vascular disease research is constantly evolving. New methods and devices are able to assess the dynamic properties of vessels in a way that was not possible a few years ago. The measurement of vascular stiffness is becoming increasingly important for evaluating blood pressure profiles at multiple sites of the arterial tree in vascular ageing and in patient care. Current research is addressing and debating some unresolved technical and methodological issues in evaluating the structural and functional properties of vessels. Future progress in this area of research and the implementation of new indices and methodologies related to an increasingly reliable assessment of vascular stiffness will allow for an improvement in the early diagnosis of cardiovascular damage, and therefore, in the clinical care of patients.

After the successful contribution in this field of the first Special Issue on this topic, this second part will be open to submissions regarding new methodological advances in vascular stiffness evaluation, as well as their applications in clinical or preclinical research. A privileged space will be reserved for new clinical acquisitions regarding the relationship between non-invasive hemodynamic assessment and early vascular damage in the various fields of cardiovascular research.

Dr. Paolo Salvi
Dr. Andrea Grillo
Guest Editors

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Open AccessArticle

Long-Term Adverse Effects of Mild COVID-19 Disease on Arterial Stiffness, and Systemic and Central Hemodynamics: A Pre-Post Study

and

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(6), 2123; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12062123 - 08 Mar 2023

Viewed by 341

Abstract

COVID-19-associated vascular disease complications are primarily associated with endothelial dysfunction; however, the consequences of disease on vascular structure and function, particularly in the long term (>7 weeks post-infection), remain unexplored. Individual pre- and post-infection changes in arterial stiffness as well as central and systemic hemodynamic parameters were measured in patients diagnosed with mild COVID-19. As part of in-laboratory observational studies, baseline measurements were taken up to two years before, whereas the post-infection measurements were made 2–3 months after the onset of COVID-19. We used the same measurement protocol throughout the study as well as linear and mixed-effects regression models to analyze the data. Patients (N = 32) were predominantly healthy and young (mean age ± SD: 36.6 ± 12.6). We found that various parameters of arterial stiffness and central hemodynamics—cfPWV, [email protected], and cDBP as well as DBP and MAP—responded to a mild COVID-19 disease. The magnitude of these responses was dependent on the time since the onset of COVID-19 as well as age (p_{regression_models} ≤ 0.013). In fact, mixed-effects models predicted a clinically significant progression of vascular impairment within the period of 2–3 months following infection (change in cfPWV by +1.4 m/s, +15% in [email protected], approximately +8 mmHg in DBP, cDBP, and MAP). The results point toward the existence of a widespread and long-lasting pathological process in the vasculature following mild COVID-19 disease, with heterogeneous individual responses, some of which may be triggered by an autoimmune response to COVID-19. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frontiers in Vascular Stiffness: Part II)

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