Exosomes Biogenesis, Regulation, and Function in Viral Infections

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Infectious Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 9792

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Unit of Viral Infection and Immunity, National Center for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain
Interests: transcriptomics; immunology; genetics; biomarkers; HIV; HCV; telomere; liver disease

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Guest Editor
Unit of Viral Infection and Immunity, National Center for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain
Interests: HCV; HIV; infectious diseases; metabolomics; microbiome; SNPs; genetics; biomarkers; liver disease

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

During exosome biogenesis, specific molecules of cellular and pathogenic origin are selectively incorporated, including proteins, lipids, and RNAs. These molecules play an essential role in cell-to-cell communication, as exosome´s cargo can be transferred to recipient cells by endocytosis to modulate their environment.

Viral infections have evolved to exploit exosomal machinery, by incorporating specific cellular or viral factors within exosomes and transferring them to recipient cells. Thus, exosomes from infected cells can evade the host immune system as they are resistant to neutralization by antibodies and promote viral spread by infecting adjacent cells. However, the investigation into the role of exosomes in viral infections is still being elucidated.

In this Special Issue, we would like to give a comprehensive overview of the recent discoveries in exosome biogenesis, function, and regulation in viral pathogenesis. Additionally, this Special Issue also aims to identify specific viral signatures in exosomes with next-generation approaches, as this is essential for future therapeutic strategies for viral infections.

We will be grateful to receive the most relevant scientific original basic, translational, and clinical research; reviews; and meta-analysis, to provide new insights into the role of exosomes in viral infections.

Thus, exosomes have emerged as important mediators in communication in different pathophysiological processes such infectious diseases.

Dr. Amanda Fernández Rodríguez
Dr. María Ángeles Jiménez Sousa
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Extracelular vesicles
  • Exosomes
  • Viral infections
  • Biomarkers

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 1626 KiB  
Article
A Cell-Based Reporter Assay for Screening Inhibitors of MERS Coronavirus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Activity
by Jung Sun Min, Geon-Woo Kim, Sunoh Kwon and Young-Hee Jin
J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9(8), 2399; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082399 - 27 Jul 2020
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 9370
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are emerging zoonotic diseases caused by coronavirus (CoV) infections. The viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) has been suggested as a valuable target for antiviral therapeutics because the sequence [...] Read more.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are emerging zoonotic diseases caused by coronavirus (CoV) infections. The viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) has been suggested as a valuable target for antiviral therapeutics because the sequence homology of CoV RdRp is highly conserved. We established a cell-based reporter assay for MERS-CoV RdRp activity to test viral polymerase inhibitors. The cell-based reporter system was composed of the bicistronic reporter construct and the MERS-CoV nsp12 plasmid construct. Among the tested nine viral polymerase inhibitors, ribavirin, sofosbuvir, favipiravir, lamivudine, zidovudine, valacyclovir, vidarabine, dasabuvir, and remdesivir, only remdesivir exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition. Meanwhile, the Z-factor and Z′-factor of this assay for screening inhibitors of MERS-CoV RdRp activity were 0.778 and 0.782, respectively. Ribavirin and favipiravir did not inhibit the MERS-CoV RdRp activity, and non-nucleoside HCV RdRp inhibitor, dasabuvir, partially inhibited MERS-CoV RdRp activity. Taken together, the cell-based reporter assay for MERS-CoV RdRp activity confirmed remdesivir as a direct inhibitor of MERS-CoV RdRp in cells. A cell-based MERS-CoV RdRp activity reporter assay is reliable and accurate for screening MERS-CoV RdRp-specific inhibitors. It may provide a valuable platform for developing antiviral drugs for emerging CoV infections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exosomes Biogenesis, Regulation, and Function in Viral Infections)
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