Clinical Challenges and Future Directions of Interstitial Lung Disease

Dear Colleagues,

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) represent a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by varying degrees of inflammation and fibrosis in the lung parenchyma. Despite advancements in our understanding, several key clinical challenges remain. Early and accurate diagnosis is often difficult due to non-specific symptoms and overlapping radiologic and histopathologic features. In this context, multidisciplinary discussion (MDD) involving pulmonologists, radiologists, and pathologists plays a pivotal role in achieving diagnostic consensus. Optimizing treatment strategies—particularly for progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF)—continues to be a major challenge. Furthermore, non-pharmacological interventions such as pulmonary rehabilitation and long-term oxygen therapy are recognized as vital components of care, yet their implementation and standardization are inconsistent across clinical settings. Additionally, end-of-life care and the timely integration of palliative approaches are essential but often underutilized aspects of ILD management.

This Special Issue welcomes original research and review articles that provide solid evidence on the diagnosis, treatment, and patient-centered management of ILDs. Submissions focusing on efforts to promote early detection, improve diagnostic processes, refine therapeutic decision making, and enhance supportive and palliative care are particularly encouraged. Through this Special Issue, we aim to contribute to more effective and compassionate care for patients with ILDs.

Dr. Yoshiaki Zaizen
Guest Editor

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