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Review Special Issue Series: New Advances in Cardiovascular Medicine
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Review Special Issue Series: New Advances in Cardiovascular Medicine

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Cardiovascular Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 December 2024) | Viewed by 16378

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Rita Pavasini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
Interests: myocardial infarction; heart failure; cardiovascular disease; cardiovascular medicine; hypertension; atherosclerosis; echocardiography; valvular heart disease; endocarditis; cardio-oncology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years there have been numerous advances in cardiology that have changed the way of conceiving the disease and the cardiopathic patient. Among these we cannot fail to include the advent of trans-catheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and, in general, structural heart interventions; the improvement of imaging techniques with the preponderant advancement of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and computerized tomography (CT) in the non-invasive diagnosis of ischemic heart disease or cardiomyopathies, passing through new pacing techniques and ablative approaches; the use of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease and new therapeutic approaches for heart failure. For this reason, the Journal of Clinical Medicine is pleased to announce a Special Issue entitled "Review Special Issue Series: New Advances in Cardiovascular Medicine". Narrative or systematic literature reviews will be accepted. The aim of this Special Issue is to provide complete updates relating to the new frontiers of cardiology.

Dr. Rita Pavasini
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • myocardial infarction
  • heart failure
  • valvular heart disease
  • echocardiography
  • multimodality imaging
  • pacing
  • arrythmias
  • endocarditis
  • artificial intelligence

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Review

19 pages, 1651 KiB  
Review
Artificial Intelligence in Nuclear Cardiac Imaging: Novel Advances, Emerging Techniques, and Recent Clinical Trials
by Ilana S. Golub, Abhinav Thummala, Tyler Morad, Jasmeet Dhaliwal, Francisco Elisarraras, Ronald P. Karlsberg and Geoffrey W. Cho
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(6), 2095; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14062095 - 19 Mar 2025
Viewed by 635
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death, accounting for over 30% of annual global fatalities. Ischemic heart disease, in turn, is a frontrunner of worldwide CVD mortality. With the burden of coronary disease rapidly growing, understanding the nuances of cardiac imaging [...] Read more.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death, accounting for over 30% of annual global fatalities. Ischemic heart disease, in turn, is a frontrunner of worldwide CVD mortality. With the burden of coronary disease rapidly growing, understanding the nuances of cardiac imaging and risk prognostication becomes paramount. Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is a frequently utilized and well established testing modality due to its significant clinical impact in disease diagnosis and risk assessment. Recently, nuclear cardiology has witnessed major advancements, driven by innovations in novel imaging technologies and improved understanding of cardiovascular pathophysiology. Applications of artificial intelligence (AI) to MPI have enhanced diagnostic accuracy, risk stratification, and therapeutic decision-making in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). AI techniques such as machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) neural networks offer new interpretations of immense data fields, acquired through cardiovascular imaging modalities such as nuclear medicine (NM). Recently, AI algorithms have been employed to enhance image reconstruction, reduce noise, and assist in the interpretation of complex datasets. The rise of AI in nuclear medicine (AI-NM) has proven itself groundbreaking in the efficiency of image acquisition, post-processing time, diagnostic ability, consistency, and even in risk-stratification and outcome prognostication. To that end, this narrative review will explore these latest advances in AI in nuclear medicine and its rapid transformation of the cardiac diagnostics landscape. This paper will examine the evolution of AI-NM, review novel AI techniques and applications in nuclear cardiac imaging, summarize recent AI-NM clinical trials, and explore the technical and clinical challenges in its implementation of artificial intelligence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Review Special Issue Series: New Advances in Cardiovascular Medicine)
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10 pages, 3829 KiB  
Review
Coronary Plaque in Athletes
by Elisabetta Tonet, Matteo Arzenton, Marco De Pietri, Luca Canovi, Davide Lapolla, Alberto Sarti, Veronica Amantea, Andrea Raisi, Gianni Mazzoni, Gianluca Campo and Giovanni Grazzi
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(7), 2044; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13072044 - 1 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2604
Abstract
The relationship between vigorous physical activity (PA) and the development of coronary atherosclerosis has remained less explored for many years. Recently, literature data have focused on coronary atherosclerosis in athletes showing that prevalence is not trivial, that there are differences among various types [...] Read more.
The relationship between vigorous physical activity (PA) and the development of coronary atherosclerosis has remained less explored for many years. Recently, literature data have focused on coronary atherosclerosis in athletes showing that prevalence is not trivial, that there are differences among various types of sport, and that there are some peculiar features. As a matter of fact, plaque composition in athletes seems to be characterized by calcium rather than soft components. Specific mechanisms through which vigorous PA influences coronary artery disease are not yet fully understood. However, the prevalent calcific nature of coronary plaques in athletes could be related with a trend in a lower cardiovascular event rate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Review Special Issue Series: New Advances in Cardiovascular Medicine)
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16 pages, 830 KiB  
Review
The Impact of Climate Change and Extreme Weather Conditions on Cardiovascular Health and Acute Cardiovascular Diseases
by Antonio De Vita, Antonietta Belmusto, Federico Di Perna, Saverio Tremamunno, Giuseppe De Matteis, Francesco Franceschi and Marcello Covino
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(3), 759; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13030759 - 28 Jan 2024
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 8498
Abstract
Climate change is widely recognized as one of the most significant challenges facing our planet and human civilization. Human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, leading to a warming of the [...] Read more.
Climate change is widely recognized as one of the most significant challenges facing our planet and human civilization. Human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, leading to a warming of the Earth’s climate. The relationship between climate change and cardiovascular (CV) health, mediated by air pollution and increased ambient temperatures, is complex and very heterogeneous. The main mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of CV disease at extreme temperatures involve several regulatory pathways, including temperature-sympathetic reactivity, the cold-activated renin-angiotensin system, dehydration, extreme temperature-induced electrolyte imbalances, and heat stroke-induced systemic inflammatory responses. The interplay of these mechanisms may vary based on individual factors, environmental conditions, and an overall health background. The net outcome is a significant increase in CV mortality and a higher incidence of hypertension, type II diabetes mellitus, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), heart failure, and cardiac arrhythmias. Patients with pre-existing CV disorders may be more vulnerable to the effects of global warming and extreme temperatures. There is an urgent need for a comprehensive intervention that spans from the individual level to a systemic or global approach to effectively address this existential problem. Future programs aimed at reducing CV and environmental burdens should require cross-disciplinary collaboration involving physicians, researchers, public health workers, political scientists, legislators, and national leaders to mitigate the effects of climate change. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Review Special Issue Series: New Advances in Cardiovascular Medicine)
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12 pages, 2346 KiB  
Review
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-Associated Myocarditis: Diagnosis, Treatment and Current Status on Rechallenge
by Federica Frascaro, Nicola Bianchi, Federico Sanguettoli, Federico Marchini, Sofia Meossi, Luca Zanarelli, Elisabetta Tonet, Matteo Serenelli, Gabriele Guardigli, Gianluca Campo, Luana Calabrò and Rita Pavasini
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(24), 7737; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12247737 - 17 Dec 2023
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3865
Abstract
Immune checkpoint molecules like cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or its ligand, programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), play a critical role in regulating the immune response, and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting these checkpoints have shown clinical [...] Read more.
Immune checkpoint molecules like cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or its ligand, programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), play a critical role in regulating the immune response, and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting these checkpoints have shown clinical efficacy in cancer treatment; however, their use is associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including cardiac complications. The prevalence of cardiac irAEs, particularly myocarditis, is relatively low, but they can become a severe and potentially life-threatening condition, usually occurring shortly after initiating ICI treatment; moreover, diagnosing ICI-related myocarditis can be challenging. Diagnostic tools include serum cardiac biomarkers, electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and endomyocardial biopsy (EMB). The treatment of ICI-induced myocarditis involves high-dose corticosteroids, which have been shown to reduce the risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE). In refractory cases, second-line immunosuppressive drugs may be considered, although their effectiveness is based on limited data. The mortality rates of ICI-induced myocarditis, particularly in severe cases, are high (38–46%). Therapy rechallenge after myocarditis is associated with a risk of recurrence and severe complications. The decision to rechallenge should be made on a case-by-case basis, involving a multidisciplinary team of cardiologists and oncologists. Further research and guidance are needed to optimize the management of cancer patients who have experienced such complications, evaluating the risks and benefits of therapy rechallenge. The purpose of this review is to summarize the available evidence on cardiovascular complications from ICI therapy, with a particular focus on myocarditis and, specifically, the rechallenge of immunotherapy after a cardiac adverse event. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Review Special Issue Series: New Advances in Cardiovascular Medicine)
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