Hypercholesterolemia: Update on Treatment Approaches and Outcomes

Dear Colleagues,

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains the leading cause of mortality globally, with dyslipidemia being a major contributing risk factor. In modern cardiovascular treatment, nearly all individuals with or at high risk for atherosclerosis are prescribed statins, which are the first-line therapy for lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). However, recent guidelines advocate for achieving very low LDL-C levels to mitigate ASCVD, making statin monotherapy inadequate for many patients. Additionally, side effects such as myalgia can hinder adherence to statin treatment. Therefore, alternative or complementary therapies have been proposed, such as ezetimibe, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, and bempedoic acid. Moreover, the role of lipoprotein(a) in cardiovascular risk should not be underestimated.

We are looking forward to your contributions to this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Massimiliano Ruscica
Dr. Lucia Barbieri
Guest Editors

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