Retinal Diseases: Recent Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Ophthalmology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 June 2025 | Viewed by 1767

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
2. Ophthalmology Unit, Riuniti Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera Toscana Nord Ovest Viale Vittorio Alfieri 36, 57124 Livorno, Italy
Interests: retinal diseases; retinal pigment epithelium; inherited retinal degeneration; gene therapy for inherited diseases; imaging biomarkers
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Guest Editor
Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Ophthalmology Unit, San Jacopo Hospital, Via Ciliegiole 97, 51100 Pistoia, Italy
Interests: retinal diseases; ophthalmology; retinal degeneration; macular degeneration clinical ophthalmology; OCT; retinal imaging; optical coherence tomography; fluorescein angiography
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, we have witnessed significant advances in the diagnosis and treatment of retinal diseases. These advances have been made possible by the development of novel imaging technologies, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and angiography, which enable the detailed visualization of the retina. In addition, there have been major advances in the development of novel drugs and gene therapies for retinal diseases.

Some of the recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of retinal diseases include the following:

  • The development of new imaging technologies, such as OCT and angiography, which enable the detailed visualization of the retina.
  • The development of new drugs, such as anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs, which can be employed to treat wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
  • The development of gene therapies, such as Luxturna®, which can be used to treat inherited retinal diseases.

These advances have led to improved outcomes for patients with retinal diseases. However, there is still much to be achieved in the field. This Special Issue in the Journal of Clinical & Translational Ophthalmology, focusing on retinal diseases, will connect leading experts in the field to discuss the latest advances in this area. The articles in this Special Issue will provide valuable insights into the potential of these advances to improve the diagnosis and treatment of retinal diseases.

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in JCTO.

Dr. Dario Giorgio
Dr. Dario Pasquale Mucciolo
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • retinal diseases
  • retinal degeneration
  • macular degeneration
  • OCT
  • retinal imaging

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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11 pages, 214 KiB  
Article
Retinal Vascularity in Military Pilots in Relation to the Type of Aircraft, Flight Altitude and Total Hours of Flight
by Justyna Mędrzycka, Grzegorz Rotuski, Radosław Różycki and Joanna Gołębiewska
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(8), 2671; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14082671 - 14 Apr 2025
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Abstract
Background: The aim of the study was to assess retinal circulation in military pilots, as well as to determine the relationship between the type of aircraft, flight altitude, total hours of flight time and parameters of retinal circulation, using OCT angiography (OCT-A). [...] Read more.
Background: The aim of the study was to assess retinal circulation in military pilots, as well as to determine the relationship between the type of aircraft, flight altitude, total hours of flight time and parameters of retinal circulation, using OCT angiography (OCT-A). Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 44 military pilots and 44 controls. The inclusion criteria encompassed healthy adult men. Due to the fact that military pilots cannot suffer from any vision defects or any other eye disease, the exclusion criteria concerned the control group and included refractive error exceeding −3 diopters (D) and +3 D and concomitant eye diseases, such as any retinal or choroidal pathologies, glaucoma, uveitis. The exclusion criteria for both groups were low-quality OCT-A images. Subsequently, the results of the measurements obtained for 176 eyes were included in further descriptive and multivariate analyses, of which 88 were in the pilot group versus 88 in the comparison group. Results: The total vessel density in superficial and deep capillary plexuses was significantly decreased (p = 0.0176, p < 0.0001, resp.) the longer the flight experience, particularly in the parafoveal region (p = 0.0299 and p < 0.0001, resp.). Moreover, the foveal avascular zone area was significantly increased proportionally to the total hours of flight (p = 0.0083). Also, the total vessel density was increased with a higher flight altitude in the deep capillary plexus (p = 0.0042), especially in the parafoveal region (p = 0.0110). Conclusions: Gravitational forces manifesting in the unique conditions of the flight of military pilots seem to induce microvascular changes in the retina. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Retinal Diseases: Recent Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment)

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21 pages, 1970 KiB  
Systematic Review
Molecular-Genetic Biomarkers of Diabetic Macular Edema
by Irene Andrés-Blasco, Alex Gallego-Martínez, Ricardo Pedro Casaroli-Marano, Salvatore Di Lauro, Jose Fernando Arévalo and Maria Dolores Pinazo-Durán
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(23), 7426; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13237426 - 5 Dec 2024
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Abstract
Background: Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a leading cause of vision impairment and blindness among diabetic patients, requiring effective diagnostic and monitoring strategies. This systematic review aims to synthesize current knowledge on molecular biomarkers associated with DME, focusing on their potential to improve [...] Read more.
Background: Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a leading cause of vision impairment and blindness among diabetic patients, requiring effective diagnostic and monitoring strategies. This systematic review aims to synthesize current knowledge on molecular biomarkers associated with DME, focusing on their potential to improve diagnostic accuracy and disease management. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Medline, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, covering literature from 2004 to 2023. Out of 1074 articles initially identified, 48 relevant articles were included in this systematic review. Results: We found that molecules involved in several cellular processes, such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, vascular dysfunction, apoptosis, and cell-to-cell communication, exhibit differential expression profiles in various biological fluids when comparing diabetic individuals with or without macular edema. Conclusions: The study of these molecules could lead to the proper identification of specific biomarkers that may improve the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic management of DME patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Retinal Diseases: Recent Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment)
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